health is wealth

1. OMKARCOLLEGEOFNURSING,GUNA
SUBJECT- COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-II
TOPIC:- PPT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

2. OCCUPATIONALHEALTH
 refers to the potential risks to health and safety for those who work
outside the home
Hazard
 something that can cause harm if not controlled.
Occupational disease
 Disease directly caused by a person’s occupation.

3. WORKPLACE
setting in which many people spend the
largest proportion of their time.
 exposes many workers to health hazards

4. DEFINITION:-
“OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH is
the promotion & maintenance of the highest degree of
physical, mental & social wellbeing of the workers in all
occupations”.

5. AIM
“The promotion and maintenance of the highest
degree of physical,
mental and social well-being of workers in all
occupations"

6. OBJECTIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH:
1. To maintain and promote the physical, mental and
social well being of the workers.
2. Toprevent occupational diseases and injuries.
3. To adapt the work place and work environment to the
needs of the workers i.e application of ergonomics
principle.
4. It should be preventive rather than curative.

7. FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE –
1. Pre-employment medical examination.
2. First Aid and emergency service.
3. Supervision of the work environment for the control of dangerous substances in the work
environment.
4. Special periodic medical examination particularly for the workers in dangerous
operations.
5. Health education for disseminating information on specific hazards and risks in the
work environment.
6.Special examination and surveillance of health of women and children
7.Advising the employer or management for improving working conditions, and placement of
hazards.
8.Monitoring of working environment for assessment and control of hazards.

8. 9. over sanitation, hygiene and canteen facilities.
10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety committees
11. Liaison and cooperation with the safety committees
12. Maintenance of medical records for medical check-up and follow-up
for maintaining health standards Supervision and also for
evaluation.
13.To carry out other parallel activities such as nutrition program , family
planning, social services recreation etc., Concerning the health
and welfare of the workers.

9. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS
1. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PSYCHOSOCIAL
a.Psychological and behavioral changes.
b.Psychosomatic ill-health

10. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
1. hazards
Heat – Direct & indirect effect of high temperature, radiant
heat, heat stagnation.
Cold – General & local cold injury
Light – Acute & chronic effect of bright & dim light & glare.
Radiation
a. Ionizing - X-rays, gamma rays, beta particles, alpha
particles
b. Non-ionizing - microwaves, infrared, and ultra- violet
light
Noise – Auditory & non auditory effect.
Vibration – hazardous in the frequency range of 10- 500Hz

11. Diseases due to Physical agents
Heat – Heat stroke, Heat hyperpyrexia, Heat syncope,
Heat Exhaustion, Heat rash.
Light – Occupational cataract, Miners nystagmus.
Cold – Hypothermia, Frost bite, Trench foot.
Pressure – Air embolism, Blast injuries.
Vibration – Osteoarthritis, Reynaud's disease [white fingers]
Noise – Occupational deafness.
Radiation- Cancer, genetic changes, Aplastic anaemia.

12. 2. Chemical hazards
• Acids
• Bases
• Heavy Metals – Lead
• Solvents – Petroleum
• Particulates – Asbestos, Silica and other fine
dust/fibrous materials
• Fumes – noxious gases/vapors
• Highly- reactive Metals

13. Ways of acquiring Chemical Hazards
A.Local action: irritants, sensitizers
B.Inhalation:
Dusts – organic , Inorganic
Gases – Simple asphyxiants : Methane, Nitrogen, CO2.
– Chemical asphyxiants : CO, Hydrogen sulphide, HCN
– Irritant gases: Ammonia,
– Anaesthetic gases: Chloroform, Ether,
Trichloroethylene.
Metallic compounds
C. Ingestion:
Metallic compounds: Arsenic, Antimony, Beryllium, Chromium,
Cadmium, Cobalt, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, Zinc.

14. Diseases due to chemical agents
• Gases – gas poisoning.
• Inorganic dusts:
 Silica-Silicosis.
 Coal dust- Anthracosis
 Asbestos-- Asbestosis.(lung disease)
 Iron-- Siderosis.
• Organic dusts :
 Cane fibre - Bagassosis.
 Cotton dust – Byssinosis.
 Hay or grain dust – Farmer’s lung.
• Chemicals – Burns, dermatitis, cancer, respiratory illness
• Metals – lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium cause poisoning

15. 3. Biological hazards
Bacteria Viruses
Fungi – moulds
Insects – mosquitoes Hazardous Plants – Poison
Ivy Birds
Animals
Blood-borne Pathogens

16. Diseases due to Biological Agents
Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus
Tuberculosis – particularly among Healthcare Workers
Asthma – among persons exposed to organic dust
Blood-borne Diseases – HIV/AIDS
Anthrax Brucellosis Tetanus
Leptospirosis

17. 4. Psychosocial hazards
Work-related stress – excessive working time and
overwork
Violence –from outside the organization
Bullying – emotional and verbal abuse
Sexual Harassment
Mobbing
Burnout
Exposure to unhealthy elements – tobacco,
uncontrolled alcohol

18. Disorders due to Psychosocial Agents
MSDs and work-related psychosocial factors such as high
workload/demands, high perceived stress levels, low social
support, low job control, low job satisfaction and monotonous
work.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
•can affect the body’s muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and
nerves. As well as the back, neck, shoulders and upper limbs;
less often they affect the lower limbs.
•develop over time and are caused either by the work itself or by
the employees' working environment.

19. Psychosocial Hazards
Psychological hazards
 basically causing stress to a worker. This kind of hazard troubles an individual very much to
an extent that his general well-being is affected.
Psychological reactions
 the individual may feel frustrated, impatient, anxious or irritable. If the situation is not
addressed, the individual may become unmotivated, depressed and apathetic.

20. Psychosocial Hazards
Psychological causes
Directly related to the job itself: overwork, poor work
organization, poor opportunity for promotion, low
job responsibility and boring work.
Outside pressures: financial problems, family
difficulties, transport difficulties.
Problems with work colleagues: conflict or
bullying.

22. CLASSIFICATION
I. Diseases due to physical agents:
Heat: Heat hyperpyrexia, heat exhaustion
Cold: Trench foot, frost bite
Light: Occupational cataract, miner’s nystagmus
Pressure: Caisson disease, air embolism, blast (explosion)
Noise: Occupational deafness
Radiation: Cancer, leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, pancytopenia
II.Diseases due to chemical agents: Gases: Gas
poisoning Pneumoconiosis
Metals and their compounds: Chemicals & Solvents

23. III. Diseases due to biological agents:
Leptospirosis, anthrax, actinomycosis, tetanus
IV. Occupational cancer:
Cancer of skin, lungs, bladder
V. Occupational dermatosis:
Dermatitis, eczema
VI. Diseases of psychological origin:
Industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer, etc.

24. Agricultural Worker’s Diseases
Farmer’s Lung
• a hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by inhalation of
biological dusts
• could progress into a potentially dangerous chronic
condition.
• Fluid, protein and cells accumulate in the alveolar wall, slows
blood-gas interchange and compromises the function of the
lung.
Silo filler's disease (SFD)
pulmonary exposure to oxides of nitrogen – could manifest into
pulmonary oedema

26. Hand-arm vibration syndrome
Repeated and frequent use of hand-held vibrating tools/vibrating
machinery (power) drills, chainsaws, pneumatic drills)
• Probably due to slight but repeated injury to the small nerves and
blood vessels in the fingers
• Raynaud’s phenomenon (“white finger”) nerve symptoms, aches
and pains

28. Occupational Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to a substance in the workplace. Exposure
usually occurs from direct contact but may, in rare circumstances, occur through the airborne
route
• Allergic contact dermatitis - when a person becomes sensitized to a substance
(allergen)
• Irritant contact dermatitis when the skin is exposed to a mild irritant (such as detergent or
solvents) repeatedly over a long period of time or to a strong irritant (such as acids,
alkalis, solvents, strong soaps, or cleansing compounds) that can cause immediate skin
damage

29. Pneumoconiosis
• chronic lung disease caused due to the inhalation of various
forms of dust particles, particularly in industrial workplaces, for
an extended period of time
• Shortness of breath, wheezing and chronic coughing are some of
the symptoms

30. Coal Workers’Pneumoconiosis
- blacklung disease - exposure to particles of carbon
When coal dust is inhaled for a long period of time, it builds up in the
lungs, which the body is not able to remove - inflammation of the lungs -
fibrosis - causes large size cavities in the lungs.

32. • Asbestosis - inhalation of fibrous minerals of asbestos
• Bauxite fibrosis - exposure to bauxite fumes which contain
aluminium and silica particles.
• Berylliosis - exposure to beryllium and its compounds
• Siderosis, by deposition of iron in the tissue
• Byssinosis “brown lung disease”, caused by exposure to cotton dust in
inadequately ventilated working environments
• Silicosiderosis, by mixed dust containing silica and iron

33. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES.

34. Prevention Methods
• Medical Methods such as periodic examinations, preplacement
examinations, working environment supervision and health
education. Notification, maintenance and analysis of records, and
counselling are also steps towards prevention.
• Engineering Measures such as proper design of plant,
ventilation, dust isolation through enclosure and isolation, and
protective devices.
• Legislative protection like the Factories Act of 1948 and the
Employees State Insurance Act of 1948.

35. MEASURES FOR HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS.
1. Nutrition.
2. Communicable disease control.
3. Environmental sanitation.
– Water supply
– Food
– Toilet
– Proper garbage & waste disposal.
– General plant cleanliness.
– Sufficient space.
– Lighting.
– Ventilation.
– Protection against hazards.

36. 4.Mental health:
GOALS:
To promote health and happiness of workers.
To detect signs of stress and strain and take
necessary measures.
Treatment of employees suffering from mental
illnesses.
Rehabilitation of those who become ill.
5.Measures for women and children.
6.Family planning services
7.Health education.

37. PRESENTED BY:-Mr. Ashok Dhakad
Assistant Professor [M.Sc. Nursing (CHN)]
Omkar College Of Nursing, Guna (M.P.)