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1. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Primary Endosimbiosis
Supergroup Contain plastids
Archaeplastida Chlorophyll A
Contain Cellulose in cell walls
Starch used as food storage
Chlorophyll B, Carotene, Xanthophyll
Kingdom Flagella
Charophycean Internal fertilization, egg retained
Form phragmoplast during cell plate formation

2. Nucleus
Domain Intercellular structures
Cytoskeleton
Eukarya Linear chromosomes
Meiosis and Mitosis
Primary Endosimbiosis
Supergroup Contain plastids
Archaeplastida Chlorophyll A
Contain Cellulose in cell walls
Starch used as food storage
Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Plantae Cuticle
Dispersed by seeds or spores

3. Primary Endosimbiosis
Supergroup Contain plastids
Chlorophyll A
Archaeplastida Contain Cellulose in cell walls
Starch used as food storage
Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Plantae Cuticle
Dispersed by seeds or spores
Homosporous
Non Vascular, small size
Bryophytes Flagellated Sperm
Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte
No true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)
Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium

4. • Bryophyte Life Cycle – Diplohaplontic, Homosporous
• Gametophyte dominant, Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte
• Gametangia (cluster of sex organs)
• Sporangium

5. Female Gametangium

6. Male Gametangium

7. Moss Sporophyte
• Grows out of
adult
gametophyte
• Dependant on
gametophyte
• Sporangium
containing
spores located
on the top

8. Rhizoids
• A structure in plants
that functions like a
root in support or
absorption.
• Not a true root due to
lack of vascular tissue

9. Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Cuticle
Plantae Dispersed by seeds or spores
Homosporous
Non Vascular, small size
Bryophytes Flagellated Sperm
Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte
No true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)
Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
Division
Hepatophyta Gametangia are antheridia and archegonia
(liverworts) Just pores, no stomata
Flattened leaf-like lobes

10. Division Hepatophyta
(liverworts)
• Flattened leaf-like lobes
• Looks like liver, originally
thought to be good for the
liver when eaten
• Just pores, no stomata

11. Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Cuticle
Plantae Dispersed by seeds or spores
Homosporous
Non Vascular, small size
Bryophytes Flagellated Sperm
Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte
No true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)
Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
Division
Anthocerophyta Hornlike sporangia
(hornworts)

12. Division Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
Green top parts: Sporangia (horns)
Dark slime looking bottom: Dominant Gametophyte

13. Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Cuticle
Plantae Dispersed by seeds or spores
Homosporous
Non Vascular, small size
Flagellated Sperm
Bryophytes Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte
No true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)
Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
Division
Has Leaf like structures
Bryophyta Sporophyte has a capsule with calyptras
(mosses) Gametophyte grows from protonema
Important part of the eco system

14. Division
Bryophyta
(moss)
Life Cycle

15. Division Bryophyta
(moss) capsule
• Operculum falls off
when dry
• Teeth open
• Internal spores are
released

16. Division Bryophyta (moss) capsule with calyptras

17. Division Bryophyta (moss) Protonema
• When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a
protonema which develops into a leafy gametophyte.

18. Kingdom: Plantae
Domain: Bryophyta
Genus: Sphagnum
• Demonstrated moss
absorbance in the
lab
• Looked at the clear,
non photosynthetic,
absorbent cells
• Compared to green,
photosynthetic cells
• Absorbance
important in the
global ecosystem

19. Division Bryophyta (mosses) gametophyte

20. Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Cuticle
Plantae Dispersed by seeds or spores
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Stomata
Seedless Vascular Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphylls)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem

24. Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Lycophyta
(club moss, ground pines,
spike moss, quillworts)
Genus
Lycopodium
(club moss)

25. Lycopodium (club moss)
specimen

26. Lycopodium leaf cross section

27. Lycopodium Life Cycle

29. Lycopodium
Strobili
Unmagnified
and
Magnified

30. Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Lycophyta
(club moss, ground pines,
spike moss, quillworts)
Genus
Selaginella

31. Selaginella sporophyte

32. Selaginella Life Cycle

35. Diplohaplontic life cycle
Kingdom Apical meristem
Cuticle
Plantae Dispersed by seeds or spores
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Plants Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Pterophyta
(whisk ferns, horsetails,
ferns)

36. Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Pterophyta
Class
Pterophyta
(ferns)

37. Fern Life cycle

38. Fern
Life
cycle

39. Below
Sporophyte growing from
gametophyte

41. fern
sporophyte

42. fern
sorus
on
leaf

43. Fern sorus magnified

44. fern sporangium with annulus

46. Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Pterophyta
Class
Psilophyta
(whisk ferns)

47. Psilophyta
Life cycle

49. Psilotum Sporangium

50. Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Pterophyta
Class
Sphenophyta
(horsetails)

51. Life cycle shown in lab

52. Equisetum life cycle
1. Sporophyte plant
2. Strobilus
3. Sporangium
4. Spores
5. Antheridium
6. Sperm
7. Male gametophyte
8. Female gametophyte
9. Archegonium
10. Egg
11. Zygote
12. Young sporophyte

54. Equisetum sporophyte

55. Equisetum gametophyte

56. Equisetum spores

57. Structure, grow larger, nutrient movement
Seedless Vascular Stomata
Roots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)
Plants Sporophyte dominant “seen”
Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte
Contain Phloem and Xylem
Division
Pterophyta
Class
Sphenophyta
(horsetails)

58. Kingdom Plantae Moss gametophyte,
moss sporophyte,
Division Hepatophyta moss capsule with calyptras,
Division Anthocerophyta moss antheridium,
Division Bryophyta moss archegonium,
moss protonema,
Division Lycophyta moss rhizoids,
Division Pterophyta Selaginella strobilis nonmagnified &
magnified,
Division Ginkgophyta fern sporophyte,
Division Cycadophyta fern sorus,
Division Gnetophyta fern sporangium with annulus,
Division Coniferophyta fern gametophyte,
Division Anthophyta stomata,
megaphyll,
Lycopodium strobilis,
fern gametophyte,
Psilotum sporophyte,
Selaginella sporophyte,
Equisetum spores,
Equisetum sporophyte