how to start teaching oral communication and written communication?

2. ORAL COMMUNICATION
Oral skill is the ability to speak well more specifically ,
ability to articulate ones knowledge and
understanding, use language creatively use and
present material effectively in spoken form whether in
ones own language or foreign language, in the latter
case , to display a command structure, appropriate ,
pronunciation , use of register and range of vocabulary

3. Oral communication
The communication process conducted through spoken
words is referred to as oral communication. Oral
communication is defined as the effective
interpretation, composition , and presentation of
information, ideas, and values to specific audience.

4. How to teach oral skills: five golden
rules
- Give students as much opportunity as possible to
practice speaking
- Provide ample listening practice.
- Create opportunity for real communication.
- Expand the range of topic students practice talking
about.
- Build discussion skills.

5. Other rules in oral skills
 Pronouncing the word clearly is an important thing to
be remembered.
the need to repeat a particular word / sentence affect
the flow of presentation.
 To emphasize the importance of a particular thought,
words have to be pronounced by changing their tones.
 Avoiding filler while speaking is necessary . The sound
of fillers (um,ah etc).could be irritating for listeners.

6. Other rule contd….
 While in a face to face communication process
interrupting the speaker is considered a sign of poor
communication .
 Careful listening is as important as speaking clearly .
While in the process of oral communication. It help in
a proper manner.
 One should always make a eye contact with the
listeners; this way the attention of listeners is not lost
and their interest kept intact.

7. Other rule contd….
 Asking question in order to obtain information is one
of the important aspect. One should keep the question
precise in order to get a clear answer.
 It is not advisable to carry on the communication
process without understanding a particular point
 Body language is also important as spoken word.the
listeners either gets positively or negatively influenced
by the body language of speaker

8. Different setting for oral
communication
Interpersonal
communication
Group
discussion
Speaking in
front of large
audience

9. What makes speaking difficult
Clustering
Redundancy
Reduced forms
Performance
Variables
Colloquial language
Rate of delivery
Stress, rhythm and intonation
Interaction

10. Clustering- also known as branching or mapping is a
structured technique based on the same associative
principles as brainstorming and listing.
Redundancy – superfluous repetition or
overlapping especially of words.
Reduced forms – usually use during native speakers
conversations
Performance- the accomplishment of a given task
measured against preset known standards of accuracy,
completeness, cost and speed.

11. Variables- hesitation, pauses, backtracking and
corrections. You actually teach learners how to pause
and hesitate(think time)
Colloquial language- is formal language that is not
rude, but would be used in formal situation.

12. ORAL SPEECH CORRECTIONS
 Affective feedback
 Cognitive feedback
 Avoiding fossilization
 Effective feedback, development of teacher intution

13. Principles for designing speaking
technique
 Cover learners need of accuracy intention, meaning
and fluency
 Be intrinsically motivating
 Encourage use of authentic language in meaningful
context.
 Provide appropriate feedback and correction
 Focus on the natural link between speaking and
listening
 Give opportunity to initiate oral communication

14. What is writing?
 Writing can be said to be act of forming the symbols:
making marks on flat surface of some kind.
 Writing is process where symbols have to be arranged
according to certain conventions to form words and
word have to be arranged to form sentences.
 Writing involves encoding of message of some kind is
we translate our thoughts in to language(Byren , 1988)

15. Why writing is important?
 Writing aims to capture a thought or idea to transfer it
to a permanent format, making it tangible,
 The responsibility for that transfer falling squarely on
the writers shoulder,
 IF the communication is the ultimate goal , write for
your audience, not for personal style.
 Student’s performance is assessed through written
work
 Documentation is mostly done in written form

16. Structure of written
communication
 The document should be as reader friendly as possible
 Use heading, sub heading bullet point , and
numbering whenever possible to breakup the text.
 Adding graphs and charts is also a smart way to
breakup your text.
 Using questions is good idea, question check keep the
reader engaged and curious.

17. Writing in the classroom
Needs that require to work on writing skill
Academic study
Examination; preparation and business English
Writing involves different kind of mental process

18. TEACHING THE SKILL WRITING
SET WRITING TASK
COLLECTING IN
MARK

19. YOU CAN DO AS A TEACHER
 Choose a topic
 Choose a genre
 Get ideas
 Discuss ideas with others to get new perspective
 Find grammar and lexis suitable for text
 Study sample and model text similar to what they want
to write
 Co-write sections of the text in groups
 Write a final version, find appropriate readers

20. Stages of teaching writing
PLANNING
DRAFTING
REVISING(responding, evaluating, post
writing)
EDITING

21. Old writing Vs creative writing
 Write real letters/ emails
 Write your own news letter magazine , blog etc
 Advertise (ideas, school events products etc)
 Send comments replies to discussions, reviews etc to
websites.
 Writes questionnaires and then use them out in the
street.
 Long term project
 Apply for things , fill in forms , register for things,etc

22. STEPS IN PLANNING A WRITING COURSE
AND TRAINING TEACHERS OF WRITING
STEP 1- Ascertaining goals and institutional constraints:
 Examining and accreditation agencies

23. Step 2
 Planning content
No child left behind
Is this the test
To test Vs for the test
To see if we are ready for
test?

24. Is there a correct content of writing
classes?
 Social issues
 Cultural issues
 Personal experiences
 Literatures etc.
Rhetorical model
Students need topics that allowed them to generate
ideas, find the forms to fit ideas and invite risk
taking.

25. Step 3 drawing up a syllabus
Types of syllabus organization for writing courses:
 structural – organized around grammer, and
pattern(sentences, descriptions, analysis, etc.
 Functional – organized around the rhetorical
activities: describing, defining, explaining, arguing,
persuading, comparing, and contrasting, classifying.

26. Step 3 drawing up a syllabus
 Topical- organized around themes: housing, health,
house, education or abstraction like success or
courage.
 Situational- organized around situational tractions
applying for job , writing letter to news paper, writing
business memo etc.
 Skills and process – organized skills, ad process as
generating ideas, organising ideas, revising, writing
fluency, writing fluency , writing effective.

27. Step 4- PREPARATING ACTIVITIES
AND ROLES
 The teacher have to be student to
 Think about what students will be doing and learning
in the class room rather than the comprehensiveness
of the information we will imparting.
 ‘Banking’: Deporting knowledge in the learners head.

28. Step 4- Evaluating the course
 Use of questionenaires,reflective logs.
 PORTFOLIOS.
 Include some specified types of writing in class writing
and revised work.
 Another teacher could be evaluator and teacher
becomes in a coach.

29. HOW TO START WRITING?
1- Introduce the topic
2-Introduce and summarise the main writing task
3- Brainstorm ideas
4- fast write
5- select and reject ideas
6-sort and order ideas
7-Decide on specific requirement: style, information,
layout etc.

30. HOW TO START WRITING?
8- Focus on useful models
9- plan the text
10- Get feed back
11- Prepare drafts
12- edit
13- prepare final text
14 - Readers

31. Classroom activities and strategies
to develop the writing skill
 Text start- A lot of real – life writing involves looking at
other text and summarizing , reporting, responding to
them.
 Selecting ideas from , connecting on them etc.
Supplying ‘text starts’ can be a good way to provide
useful writing work for students and practice reading
writing skill that are useful in professional life and
academic research.

32. FAST WRITING
 Start writing about the topic
 Non stop writing
 Not put their pen down at all
 Not worry about spelling, grammer etc
 Write ‘um,um,um or rubbish or something else if they
can’t think of what to do write;
 Non stop to go back and read what they have written
 Keep writing till you say ‘stop(which will be after
five/eight/ten minutes or however long you think is
appropriate for your group)

33. Using a dialogue
journal
 Be creative and adopt the activity to the situation and
the learner’s need.
 Keeping a dialogue journal can be practical way to help
learners develop reading and writing fluency:
Improve spelling and hand writing
Understand that writing is a mean of communicating
and
Make reading and writing part of everyday life

34. Writing fluency activity
Fluency in writing , as in reading, should be one of the
aims even of beginning lessons.
This writing fluency activity helps learners learn to
Transfer a flow of speech to written words on paper
Visualize spoken words , phrases and sentence as they
hear them
Write entire chunks of speech rather than syllable by
syllable
Write fluidly rather than haltingly

35. FREE RESOURCES THAT WILL
IMPROVE YOUR WRITING SKILL
1- Grammer , punctuation &co
(ultimate style: the rule of writing),
-Hyper grammer
-grammer girl (provide short , friendly tips to improve
your writing, covering the grammer rules and word)
2-common mistakes and problem(ask oxford better
writing)
-Dr . Grammers frequently asked questions

36. FREE RESOURCES THAT WILL
IMPROVE YOUR WRITTING SKILL
 General writting skills (writers digit)
 Info please: general writting skill
 Poynter writing tools (a blog dedicated to writers and
journalist, provide fifty writing tools; checklist, a
collection of podcast related to writing)
 Practical guides to better writting skill(copyright 101)

37. The original writer is not one who imitates no body
,but one whom nobody can imitate ~FRONCOIS
.RENE DE