Lecture 6

Earth’s Vital Statistics

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To
Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Locating Places on the Earth
Reference lines (imaginary lines)
 Equator – line that equally
divides the earth into upper
and lower hemispheres

 Latitude –horizontal line drawn
with respect to the equator Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To

Locating Places on the Earth
Reference lines (imaginary lines)
 Prime Meridian – line that equally
divides the earth into left and right
hemispheres

 Longitude –vertical line drawn
with respect to the prime meridian

How to tell direction?
•


Example: Manila: 14o N; 120oE

Key Latitudes and Longitude

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science,
2006. NY: Chelsea House

Earth’s Rotation
 Counterclockwise
(East to West)

 Results to day and
night

 One complete
rotation = 24 hours


Standard Time Zone
 Divides the globe into 24 time zones
 180o WEST and EAST of the prime meridian (0o)
 Each time zone covers 15o longitudes a
 1 time zone = 1 hour
 Important consideration: West or East

Example
Manila: 120o East

Standard Time Zone

http://www.mapsofworld.com/time-zone-map/maps/world-time-zone.jpg

Standard Time Zone
International date line
 Passing thorough this line
prompts addition/subtraction
of 24 hours
 exactly opposite of the prime
meridian (0o longitude)
 @ 180o)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/6/61/International_Date_Line.png

Solar System
 is composed of one star (Sun), planets and
their natural satellites (moons), and other
heavenly objects
 they ALL revolve around the sun
 Sun is the center of the solar system

Solar System

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/solar-system.html

Sun
 It is a star
 The closest star
from the earth or
other objects in the
solar system


Energy of the sun
• Comes from the fusion of Hydrogen gas to
helium
• Occurs in the sun’s core


Planets
IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria:
 The object must be in orbit around the sun
 It must be the only object that “use” its orbit
 Spherical in shape due to gravity

Why was Pluto demoted?
IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria:
 The object must be in orbit around the sun
 It must be the only object that use its orbit
 Spherical in shape due to gravity

Planetary Motions
 Rotation on its axis
 Revolution around the sun

Revolution
 One complete revolution around the sun = 1
year
 Follows a track = railway = orbit
 Each planet has their own orbit

Earth’s Orbit
 Gravity pull of the sun
Keeps the earth from
straying away from its
Orbit.

 gravity vs. inertia


Earth’s Orbit
 elliptical in shape


Moons in the solar system
Planet No. of Moons
Mercury 0
Venus 0
Earth 1
Mars 2
Jupiter 62
Saturn 33
Uranus 27
Neptune 13

http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Moons/MoonsSolSys.html

Earth’s Moon
 Rotates on its axis
 No light of its own


Eclipses
 When shadow of a heavenly body falls on
another
 Solar/Lunar eclipse
 Partial/Total Eclipse

Solar Eclipse


Lunar Eclipse


Other heavenly objects
 Asteroids belt – found between Mars and
Jupiter
 Comets
 Meteoroids
 Meteor
 Meteorite

Beyond solar system
 Solar system is part of the Milky way galaxy
 Galaxy = billions of stars that move around
through space as one unit

Stars
 Huge ball of flaming gas
 Has a life cycle
 constellations

http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/space/Images/star
_constellations3.gif

References
• Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An
Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea
House
• Rabago, Lilia M., et al. Dynamic Science. 2003.
QC: vibal Publishing House

Lecture 6

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Lecture 6