2. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER
• CLINICAL DEPRESSION
• CONTINUOUS FEELING OF SORROW
• LOSS OF INTEREST
• CHANGES IN FEELINGS, THOUGHTS AND
BEHAVIOR
• OCCURS MOST OF THE DAY
• DAILY BASIS OF WORK NOT COMPLETED
3. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER
•MDD AFFECTS MORE THAN 16.1
MILLION AMERICAN ADULTS, OR
ABOUT 6.7%OF THE U.S. POPULATION
AGE 18 AND OLDER IN A GIVEN YEAR
•MORE COMMON IN WOMEN THAN
MEN
7. TYPES OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER
MELANCHOLIC DEPRESSION:
•COMMON SIGNS OF DEPRESSION
• WEIGHT IMBALANCE
•LOSS OF MOTIVATION AND INTEREST
•CATATONIC DEPRESSION:
•SPEECHLESS AND MOTIONLESS FOR SOME TIME
8. TYPES OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER
PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER (PMDD):
• SERIOUS THAN PMS
• DEPRESSED MOOD AND ANXIETY
• SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
• INABILITY TO DO DAILY WORK
ATYPICAL DEPRESSION:
• OVERSLEEPING/OVEREATING
• WEIGHT IN THE ARMS AND LEGS
• RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS
9. TYPES OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER
BIPOLAR DISORDER:
● DIFFERENT FROM DEPRESSION
● EPISODES OF LOW MOODS
PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER:
• DYSTHYMIA
• MAJOR DEPRESSION WITH LESS SERIOUS SYMPTOMS.
12. GENETIC FACTOR:
• 50% IS GENETIC FOUND THROUGH THE
TWIN STUDIES
• CAUSED BY COMBINATION OF GENES
SUCH AS COMT AND 5-HTTLPR OR
SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER PROMOTOR
GENE’S SHORT ALLELE HAS BEEN
CONNECTED WITH INCREASED RISK OF
DEPRESSION.
16. COMMON FEATURES ARE:
• DEPRESSED MOOD MOST THE DAYS NEARLY EVERYDAY
• FEELING WORTHLESSNESS OR GUILT
• DIMINISHED INTEREST OR PLEASURE OF DOING WORK
• WEIGHT LOSS
• FATIGUE OR LOSS OF ENERGY
• INABILITY TO THINK OR CONCENTRATE
17. •ALWAYS THINKS OF COMMITTING SUICIDE
•REDUCTION FROM SEXUAL INTEREST OR DESIRE
•SIGNIFICANT LOSS OR GAIN OF WEIGHT
•DECREASED ENERGY, TIREDNESS
•MEMORY LOSS
18. SIG – E – CAPS
•SLEEP CHANGES
•INTEREST LOSS
•GUILT
•ENERGY
•COGNITION OR LACK OF CONCENTRATION
•APPETITE LOSS
•PSYCHOMOTOR
•SUICIDE
20. MDD IN TEENS
•ANGER
•FEELING NEGATIVE AND WORTHLESS
•POOR PERFORMANCE AND POOR ATTENDANCE
•FEELING MISUNDERSTOOD
21. MDD IN OLDER ADULTS
•MEMORIES PROBLEM
•PHYSICAL PAIN OR ACHES
•SLEEP PROBLEM
•LOSS OF INTEREST IN SEX
•SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL
•SUICIDAL THINKING OR FEELING
26. DSM-5 (MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER)
• FIVE (OR MORE) OF THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS HAVE BEEN PRESENT DURING
THE SAME 2 WEEK PERIOD AND REPRESENT A CHANGE FROM PREVIOUS
FUNCTIONING
• AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE SYMPTOMS IS EITHER
(1)DEPRESSED MOOD OR
(2) LOSS OF INTEREST OR PLEASURE.
27. DEPRESSED MOOD – A) SUBJECTIVE – FEELS SAD , EMPTY ,HOPELESS
B) OBSERVATIVE- APPEARS TEARFUL
DIMINISHED INTEREST OR PLEASURE
INSOMNIA OR HYPERSOMNIA-
32. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• MANIC EPISODES WITH IRRITABLE MOOD OR MIXED EPISODES.
• MOOD DISORDERS DUE TO ANOTHER MEDICAL CONDITIONS.
• SUBSTANCE INDUCE DISORDERS OR BIPOLAR DISORDER.
35. TREATMENT
• MEDICATION:-
1. SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE
INHIBITORS (SSRIS) :- IT INCREASES THE
SEROTONIN (A NEUROTRANSMITTER) LEVELS IN
THE BRAIN, WHICH IS KNOWN TO CONTROL
EMOTIONS.
2. ANTIDEPRESSANTS: RELAX THE MIND.
• PSYCHOTHERAPY
• COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY(CBT)
• ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)
36. • LIFESTYLE CHANGES:-
1. EATING RIGHT.
2. AVOIDING ALCOHOL AND CERTAIN
PROCESSED FOODS.
3. GETTING PLENTY OF EXERCISE.
4. SLEEPING WELL.
37. REFERENCES
• LIEBER, A. (N.D.). WHAT IS MAJOR DEPRESSION? THE SIGNS, SYMPTOMS &
TREATMENT. RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.PSYCOM.NET/DEPRESSION.CENTRAL.MAJOR.HTML.
• GENETICS OF BRAIN FUNCTION. (N.D.). MAJOR DEPRESSION AND GENETICS.
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://MED.STANFORD.EDU/DEPRESSIONGENETICS/MDDANDGENES.HTML.
• GULF BEND MHMR CENTER. (N.D.). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.GULFBEND.ORG/.
• HTTPS://SCHOLAR.GOOGLE.COM/SCHOLAR?Q=MAJOR+DEPRESSIVE+DISORDER&HL=EN&AS_SDT=0&A
S_VIS=1&OI=SCHOLART
psychomotor agitation is a symptom related to a wide range of mood disorders.
Clinginess mean to get something forcefully or by embarrassing someone to get something.
Mild insomnia – walking during night
Typical insomnia – walking too early in morning
Hyper insomnia – oversleeping for 12 to 14 hrs
Initial insomnia – difficulty falling asleep
Decreased RER latency
Increased duration of REM sleep