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Cloning has been seen in the news and as a major topic of debate. Briefly describe the process of cloning. What might be the benefits of cloning? What are potential dangers or threats associated with the widespread use of cloning? Be prepared to discuss the ethics of cloning in its various proposed forms and uses. Please answer each question. Solution Cloning is a method which is used to produce an similar copy of animal cell (especially mammals) by using genetic material of the somatic cell which can be prepared as- (a) from the donar we will collect the nucleus and it is isolated (b) Take unfertilized eggs and remove the nucleus (c) Insert the donar nucleus and place them in the womb and this egg is converts in to embryo when it is fertilised and leads to production of genetically identical species. The major benefits are - organ development/ replacement, infertility problems can be solved, void fulfilment (but it is very less applicable), trait selection possibility etc., Threats- social, mental and medical consequences cannot be predicted, cell mutations can easily possible in cloning cells which can leads to various diseases, it cannot differentiate original organ and replicated organ. ethically the concept of cloning is against the natural things,i.e., against god\'s creativity and the cloned one looks like another copied one can involve in robbery, murder and there is a chance to do unethical things..

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To Clone or not to Clone: The Ethical Question Joseph Farnsworth A couple that had been married for only two years was in a terrible car accident. The wife walked away with a few cuts and bruises. The husband, however was unconscious when the paramedics arrived. He went into a coma shortly after arriving at the nearby hospital. He came out of the coma but was never to be the same again. It turns out that when he was in the accident he had severe head trauma, and would be a vegetable the rest of his life. He could not take part in the reproduction of children. The wife is now distraught because they will never have children together. She heard about the possibility of cloning and believes that it is the only way that she will ever have children. Is it so? Introduction The ethics of human cloning has become a great issue in the past few years. The advocates for both sides of the issue have many reasons to clone or not to clone. This is an attempt to explore the pros and cons of human cloning and to provide enough information of both sides of the arguments in order for the reader to make their own informed decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not. Cloning will first be defined. Then a brief explanation of why questions concerning cloning humans have arisen will be presented. Some things cannot be known for sure unless it is tested, i.e., human cloning is allowed. Followed by that, a discussion of the facts and opinions that support cloning will be presented and then the same against cloning. Please remember that not all of this has proven true nor is able to be proven yet, but has simply been argued as a scientific hypothesis. Finally, my own personal opinion will be stated. Defining Human Cloning When speaking of human cloning, what is meant? Different groups and organizations define it differently. To use a specific definition, the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as “the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer. „Somatic cell nuclear transfer‟ refers to the process which the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing organism is transferred into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed” (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs 1). In other words, cloning is the method of produce a baby that has the same genes as its parent. You take an egg and remove its nucleus, which contains the DNA/genes. Then you take the DNA from an adult cell and insert it into the egg, either by fusing the adult cell with the enucleated egg, or by a sophisticated nuclear transfer. You then stimulate the reconstructed egg electrically or chemically and try to make it start to divide and become an embryo. You then use the same process to implant the egg into a surrogate mother that you would use with artificial insemination. (Eibert) However, many groups have used a broader definition of cloni ...

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Given a linked list, write a function to determine if the list is symmetric. A list [l_1, l_2, ...., l_n] is symmetric if l_1 = l_n, l_2 = l_n - 1, etc. Note that n must be an even number. Solution To do this: struct node { char data; struct node* next; }*root, *top; top =NULL; //head of stack //pass root of linked list bool ifSymmetric(node *root) { node *tmp; tmp = new (struct node); temp = root; //use for first traversal flag = 1; //store in stack while(temp != NULL) { tmp->data = temp->data; tmp->next = top; top = tmp; temp = temp->next; } //pop from stack while(root != NULL) { tmp = top; if(root->data!=temp->data){ flag =0; break; } top = top->next; root = root->next; } free(temp); return flag; }.

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