8. Identify the causes and symptoms of endocarditis, myocarditis, an.pdf

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8. Identify the causes and symptoms of endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis Solution 1.Endocarditis: Causes: Endocarditis is caused due to inflammation of endocardium layer of heart. caused due to infection in the valves of the heart and the inner lining of heart.The main cause is infection through bacteria and less extent fungus and other microorganisms that enter the bloodstream and attach to the heart valves.Rheumatic fever is often the cause of endocarditis. Symptoms: Include fever,sweating, fatigue,pain in joints and muscles,breathing problems,change in heart sounds,weight loss,enlargement of spleen,appearance of blood in uine,appearance of Osler\'s nodes in which red spots appear under skin of fingers and petechiae in legs. Myocarditis: Causes:Caused due to inflammation of the muscles of heart known as myocardium.Chaga\'s disease is the main cause behind myocarditis.It may be caused by viral ,protozoan ,fungal,bacterial or parasitic infection.Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthiritis may also cause myocarditis.Alcohol, drugs such as anthracyclines also cause myocarditis. Symptoms:Pain in the chest,abnormal heart beats,high fever ,congestion in the heart,joint pain, fatigue ,diarrhea are some of the symptoms. Pericarditis: Causes:Caused due to inflammation of pericardium layer of the heart due to infection by virus, bacteria or fungus. Viruses such as coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, mumps virus, and HIV , bacteria such as pneumococcus and anaerobic bacteria, fungus such as Aspergillus and Candida are the causative agents.Apart from this cancer, autoimmune diseases etc aldo cause pericarditis. Symptoms:Sudden chest pain,shoulders,neck and back pain,fever,palpitations,fatigue,breathing problems, and heart attack are some of the symptoms..

8. Identify the causes and symptoms of endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis
Solution
1.Endocarditis:
Causes: Endocarditis is caused due to inflammation of endocardium layer of heart. caused due to
infection in the valves of the heart and the inner lining of heart.The main cause is infection
through bacteria and less extent fungus and other microorganisms that enter the bloodstream and
attach to the heart valves.Rheumatic fever is often the cause of endocarditis.
Symptoms: Include fever,sweating, fatigue,pain in joints and muscles,breathing problems,change
in heart sounds,weight loss,enlargement of spleen,appearance of blood in uine,appearance of
Osler's nodes in which red spots appear under skin of fingers and petechiae in legs.
Myocarditis:
Causes:Caused due to inflammation of the muscles of heart known as myocardium.Chaga's
disease is the main cause behind myocarditis.It may be caused by viral ,protozoan
,fungal,bacterial or parasitic infection.Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthiritis may
also cause myocarditis.Alcohol, drugs such as anthracyclines also cause myocarditis.
Symptoms:Pain in the chest,abnormal heart beats,high fever ,congestion in the heart,joint pain,
fatigue ,diarrhea are some of the symptoms.
Pericarditis:
Causes:Caused due to inflammation of pericardium layer of the heart due to infection by virus,
bacteria or fungus. Viruses such as coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, mumps virus, and HIV , bacteria
such as pneumococcus and anaerobic bacteria, fungus such as Aspergillus and Candida are the
causative agents.Apart from this cancer, autoimmune diseases etc aldo cause pericarditis.
Symptoms:Sudden chest pain,shoulders,neck and back pain,fever,palpitations,fatigue,breathing
problems, and heart attack are some of the symptoms.

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a. Explain how chronic bleeding leads to iron deficiency anemia. b. Explain the signs of anemia that indicate compensation for hypoxia is occurring. c. Explain how the destruction of acid- producing cells in the stomach can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Solution a. Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron.It is the most common type of anemia. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Blood contains iron within red blood cells, so blood loss leads to a loss of iron. There are several common causes of blood loss: Women with menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods) are at risk of iron-deficiency anemia because they are at higher-than-normal risk of losing a larger amount blood during menstruation than is replaced in their diet. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body — such as from a peptic ulcer, angiodysplasia, a colon polyp or gastrointestinal cancer, excessively heavy periods — can cause iron-deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some groups of medication, such as NSAIDs (e.g. aspirin), anticoagulants such as clopidogrel and warfarin, although these are required in some patients, especially those with states causing thrombophilia. b. Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. Hypoxia may be classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body. Hemoglobin plays a substantial role in carrying oxygen throughout the body, and when it is deficient, anemia can result, causing \'anaemic hypoxia\' if tissue perfusion is decreased. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. As iron is used in the synthesis of hemoglobin, less hemoglobin will be synthesised when there is less iron, due to insufficient intake, or poor absorption. Anemia is typically a chronic process that is compensated over time by increased levels of red blood cells via upregulated erythropoetin. A chronic hypoxic state can result from a poorly compensated anaemia. The signs that indicate compensation of hypoxia are fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, low body temperature, pale skin, irregular heartbeat etc..

a. Explain how chronic bleeding leads to iron deficiency anemia. b. .pdf

a. Explain how chronic bleeding leads to iron deficiency anemia. b. .pdf

a. Explain how chronic bleeding leads to iron deficiency anemia. b. .pdf

arhamgarmentsdelhi

Can someone please help me with this question3. Describe the funct.pdf

Can someone please help me with this question3. Describe the funct.pdf

Can someone please help me with this question3. Describe the funct.pdf

arhamgarmentsdelhi

2. The probability that a phone call will last more than t minutes i.pdf

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arhamgarmentsdelhi

28. Which of the following is an example of temporal structure in a biological community? A. In deserts, many insects, forbs, and grasses are only seen in the days following a large rainfall. B. In rainforests, most monkey species are never seen on the ground. C. Understory flowers, such as Trillium and Mayapple flower in early spring, before forest trees leaf out and shade them. D. A and C E. B and C one of the above. Solution Temporal pattern of distribution of species influence the population structure in given environment. Variability in temporal structure in a given environment affects the establishment of the population. The examples of temporal structure in biological community include species existence in a time bound pattern. In deserts, many insects, forbs, and grasses are only seen in the days following a large rainfall and Understory flowers, such as Trillium and Mayapple flower in early spring, before forest trees leaf out and shade them are the examples of temporal structure in biological community. Option D is correct..

28. Which of the following is an example of temporal structure in a .pdf

28. Which of the following is an example of temporal structure in a .pdf

28. Which of the following is an example of temporal structure in a .pdf

arhamgarmentsdelhi

17 Testing Your Knowledge s. Why are biologists sointerested inchemistry a. Chemicals are the fundamental parts of all Multiple choice living things. b. Most chemicals are harmful to living things. 1. Which of the following is a trace element, re- They know little about life except the chemi- quired only in small amounts by most living cals it made from. d. you understand the dhemistry of life, you oxygen can make a lot of money. b, iron ie. Everything about life can be knowm by un- derstanding its dhemistry. d, carbon 9. Molecules are always moving, some molecules move faster than others; is a 2. An acid is a substance that their average velocity of movement. dissolves in water. b, forms covalent bonds with other substances. b, heat c. donates hydrogen ions to solutions. d. is a versatile solvent. e, removes hydrogen ions from solutions. How an atom behaves when it comes into con- 10 Which of the following holds atomstogether in tact with other atoms is determined by its a. nucleus. a. ionic bonds between atoms b. size. b. transfer of protons from one atom to another sharing of electrons between atoms d, neutrons. d. loss of neutrons by atoms e sharing of protons between atoms 4. Most of water\'s unique properties result from 11. loe floats because the fact that water molecules a. it is colder than liquid water a. are very small. its molecules are moving faster than in liq- b. tend to repel each other. uid water. extremely large. c it is more dense than liquid water. d. tend to stick together. d its hydrogen molecules bond to the water e are in constant motion. e, its water molecules are farther apart than in 5. Atoms of different phosphorus isotopes a. have different atomic numbers. b, have different numbers of neutrons. 12. Adding acid tends to of a solution. e. react differently with other atoms. a. increase the hydrogen ion concentration and d. have different numbers of electrons. raise the pH e. have different numbers of protons. b, increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the PH 6. An ion is formed when an atom c. decrease the hydrogen ion concentration forms a oovalent bond with another atom. and raise the pH b. gains or loses an electron. d. decrease the hydrogen ion ooncentration becomes part of a molecule. and lower the pH d. gains or loses a proton. e. cord,depending on the original acidity e, gains or loses a neutron. 7. The smallest particle of water is Essay a. an atom. 1. List the four elements meeded by living things b a crystal. in large amounts, two others needed in moder- an element. ate amounts, and two elements needed in trace d, a Solution 1. The answer is: b. Iron. Others are macro nutrient, require in higher amounts by the body. 2. The answer is: c. donates hydrogen ions to solutions. Acid is a proton donator. 3. The answer is: e. electrons. How an atom behaves when it comes in contact with other atoms is determined by its electronic configuration and hence electrons. 4. The answer is: d tend to stock togethe.

17 Testing Your Knowledge s. Why are biologists sointerested inchemis.pdf

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17 Testing Your Knowledge s. Why are biologists sointerested inchemis.pdf

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