2. The probability that a phone call will last more than t minutes i.pdf

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2. The probability that a phone call will last more than t minutes is (1+t)-2. Given that a particular phone call has not ended in two minutes, what is the probability it will last more than three minutes? Solution Here, P(T>t) = (1+t)^-2 Thus, P(t>3|t>2) = P(t>3) / P(t>2) = [(1+3)^-2]/[(1+2)^-2] = 9/16 or 0.5625 [ANSWER].

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Define social contract theory. What does it attempt to explain? Solution According to social contract theory - “morality consists in the set of rules governing behavior, that rational people would accept, on the condition that others accept them as well.” (Rachels, p. 145) We are already familiar with the concept of contracts like marriage, citizenship and employment. Put simply a contract is a sort of agreements betwween two parties. if one party voilates theterms of the agreement, the contract is no longer valid. Societies are controlled by governments. This is the starting point of discussing social contract theory. Put simply this theory attemps to explain the fact that people benefit from living together in countries, kindom or under any other governmental jurisdiction. Living in societies hoever requires rules and laws. Societies are the result of compromises and social contracts provide framework for how people and governments are to interact. Individuals who stay together may gain protection from the other social elements that might try to harm them. In return they must give up certain freedoms like ability to commit crimes without being punished. They should contribte to making societies stable, healthy and happy. The idea of the social contract has a long history leading as far as the ages of mesopotanians. however it was not until the enlightment of 17th and 18th century that social contract theory gained widespread attention. The enlightment was a time when intellectuals began to question established views relating to religion, science, economics and government. Social contract theory challenged both the moral and social elements of power..

Define social contract theory. What does it attempt to explainS.pdf

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Assume that you have the following set of hexadecimal values: $20, $25, $40, $50, $12. Write a segment of a program to find the minimum and maximum values of the set. Solution DATASEGMENT ARR DW $20, $25, $40, $50, $12 LEN DW $05 MIN DW ? MAX DW ? DATAENDS CODESEGMENT ASSUME DS:DATA CS:CODE START: MOV AX,DATA MOV DS,AX LEA SI,ARR MOV AL,ARR[SI] MOV MIN,AL MOV MAX,AL MOV CX,LEN REPEAT: MOV AL,ARR[SI] CMP MIN,AL JL CHECKMAX MOV MIN,AL CHECKMAX: CMP MAX,AL JG DONE MOV MAX,AL DONE: INC SI LOOPREPEAT MOV AH,4CH INT 21H CODEENDS END START.

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Briefly explain why heating water close to boiling in a test tube would dramatically increase the rate of distribtution of dissolved particles, like KMno4, so that they distribute within the entire tube within several seconds? Please be specific in explanation. For animal physiology class. Solution It is due to the mechanism of convection. KMnO4 will distribute easily when water in the test tube is boiled, because heat transfer in a liquid occurs by the liquid movement itself. The liquid which is present at the bottom will get hot first and this will rise to the surface and the liquid from top reach the bottom, like this the liquid will move in a loop pattern (phenomenon called as convection) and this will allow the uniform distribution of water soluble particles present in that water..

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AP Biology II - 1. What substrate does the enzyme Potassium Cyanide (KCN) function with? 2. What does the enzyme Potassium Cyanide do in the process of cellular respiration? 3. Explain the optimum conditions for the enzyme Potassium Cyanide. 4. Describe any additional factors that could affect the enzyme\'s function? Solution 1. Potassium cyanide (KCN) is extremely toxic - obstruct catalase and aerobic respiration. 2. Ingested - KCN is hydrolysed to process hydrogen cyanide (toxic gas) that can gladly detach into H+ and CN- ions. 3. CN- ions attach irreparable to enzyme find in mitochondria, inhibit phase of aerobic respiration. Final phase inhibited = earlier phase cannot run. 4. a) Cyanide and b) Snake venom. The occupation of an Enzyme is elaborate by its environmental shape of molecules are enlarge temperature enlarge the rate of reaction, establish more product. Eventually, the enzyme will flatter to denatured and will no extended function..

AP Biology II -1. What substrate does the enzyme Potassium Cyanide.pdf

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allocation SolutionThe correct option is Depreciation.Depreci.pdf

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A) Explain five (5) challenges amphibians faced when colonizing land and how they solved them. B) Explain the improvements reptiles evolved from the amphibian solutions (the five (5) listed in the question above) to adapt to terrestrial environment Solution a) The terrestrial realm of land and air offers many challenges to organisms adapted to aquatic life: Gravity:aquatic life is buoyed by water.Air is not so buoyant! So terrestrial animals have to have some sort of supporting tissue.Endoskeleton of bone and lobe fins modified to limbs.Also changes in skeleton for land hunting - Shoulder free from skull to give head more flexibility and arm greater lateral movement Descication: air is drier than water,so terrestrial organisms need some form of skin or coat to keep all their precious bodily fluids from leaking out.Fish scales don\'t protect the body much against desiccation. Besides Amphibians lost those scales early in their evolution.Amphibians never really solved the skin-permeability problem.They are restricted today to moist habitats. Respiration: aquatic organisms exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in water.In air,these substances are gases,so new structures are needed to breath.Fish breathe the oxygen dissolved in water through their gills.Out of the water,however,they are unable to survive for more than a few minutes.In order to live on dry land,they need to acquire a pulmonary system.They developed lungs inside body and stronger rib cage. Reproduction:aquatic organisms often release their eggs,sperm,etc.,directly into the water.This approach is much less effective in air,so other solutions evolve.But there is no special adaptation,return to water to mate. Locomotion:aquatic animals can swim,scuttle,squidge,orotherwise move through the water.These motions have to be modified in the terrestrial realm. Senses:light,sound,and smell transmit differently in water than in air,and some senses don\'t work in air at all.Terrestrial animals have to evolve new adaptations to deal with these differences.Lateral line which senses vibrations under water becomes lost and an operculum overlaying the lower jaw is used to sense vibrations in air. Excretion:Due to the abundant water in their environment,marine creatures can immediately filter and expel their bodies waste products,particularly ammonia.On land,water must be used at minimum levels.For that reason these living things have kidneys,in which ammonia is filtered out as urea and stored in the bladder,and the minimum amount of water is used when it is expelled.In addition,there is a need for new systems that enable the kidneys to function.Amphibians ability to conserve body water is rudimentary.Considerable water is lost by evaporation through their skin.Most species excrete a copious and diluteurine because a large volume of water is needed to flush out toxic excretory products through their kidney tubules. b)Amniotic egg:Amphibians never succeeded in becoming fully terrestrial because.

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a. Explain how chronic bleeding leads to iron deficiency anemia. b. Explain the signs of anemia that indicate compensation for hypoxia is occurring. c. Explain how the destruction of acid- producing cells in the stomach can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Solution a. Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron.It is the most common type of anemia. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Blood contains iron within red blood cells, so blood loss leads to a loss of iron. There are several common causes of blood loss: Women with menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods) are at risk of iron-deficiency anemia because they are at higher-than-normal risk of losing a larger amount blood during menstruation than is replaced in their diet. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body — such as from a peptic ulcer, angiodysplasia, a colon polyp or gastrointestinal cancer, excessively heavy periods — can cause iron-deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some groups of medication, such as NSAIDs (e.g. aspirin), anticoagulants such as clopidogrel and warfarin, although these are required in some patients, especially those with states causing thrombophilia. b. Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. Hypoxia may be classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body. Hemoglobin plays a substantial role in carrying oxygen throughout the body, and when it is deficient, anemia can result, causing \'anaemic hypoxia\' if tissue perfusion is decreased. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. As iron is used in the synthesis of hemoglobin, less hemoglobin will be synthesised when there is less iron, due to insufficient intake, or poor absorption. Anemia is typically a chronic process that is compensated over time by increased levels of red blood cells via upregulated erythropoetin. A chronic hypoxic state can result from a poorly compensated anaemia. The signs that indicate compensation of hypoxia are fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, low body temperature, pale skin, irregular heartbeat etc..

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8. Identify the causes and symptoms of endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis Solution 1.Endocarditis: Causes: Endocarditis is caused due to inflammation of endocardium layer of heart. caused due to infection in the valves of the heart and the inner lining of heart.The main cause is infection through bacteria and less extent fungus and other microorganisms that enter the bloodstream and attach to the heart valves.Rheumatic fever is often the cause of endocarditis. Symptoms: Include fever,sweating, fatigue,pain in joints and muscles,breathing problems,change in heart sounds,weight loss,enlargement of spleen,appearance of blood in uine,appearance of Osler\'s nodes in which red spots appear under skin of fingers and petechiae in legs. Myocarditis: Causes:Caused due to inflammation of the muscles of heart known as myocardium.Chaga\'s disease is the main cause behind myocarditis.It may be caused by viral ,protozoan ,fungal,bacterial or parasitic infection.Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthiritis may also cause myocarditis.Alcohol, drugs such as anthracyclines also cause myocarditis. Symptoms:Pain in the chest,abnormal heart beats,high fever ,congestion in the heart,joint pain, fatigue ,diarrhea are some of the symptoms. Pericarditis: Causes:Caused due to inflammation of pericardium layer of the heart due to infection by virus, bacteria or fungus. Viruses such as coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, mumps virus, and HIV , bacteria such as pneumococcus and anaerobic bacteria, fungus such as Aspergillus and Candida are the causative agents.Apart from this cancer, autoimmune diseases etc aldo cause pericarditis. Symptoms:Sudden chest pain,shoulders,neck and back pain,fever,palpitations,fatigue,breathing problems, and heart attack are some of the symptoms..

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28. Which of the following is an example of temporal structure in a biological community? A. In deserts, many insects, forbs, and grasses are only seen in the days following a large rainfall. B. In rainforests, most monkey species are never seen on the ground. C. Understory flowers, such as Trillium and Mayapple flower in early spring, before forest trees leaf out and shade them. D. A and C E. B and C one of the above. Solution Temporal pattern of distribution of species influence the population structure in given environment. Variability in temporal structure in a given environment affects the establishment of the population. The examples of temporal structure in biological community include species existence in a time bound pattern. In deserts, many insects, forbs, and grasses are only seen in the days following a large rainfall and Understory flowers, such as Trillium and Mayapple flower in early spring, before forest trees leaf out and shade them are the examples of temporal structure in biological community. Option D is correct..

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17 Testing Your Knowledge s. Why are biologists sointerested inchemistry a. Chemicals are the fundamental parts of all Multiple choice living things. b. Most chemicals are harmful to living things. 1. Which of the following is a trace element, re- They know little about life except the chemi- quired only in small amounts by most living cals it made from. d. you understand the dhemistry of life, you oxygen can make a lot of money. b, iron ie. Everything about life can be knowm by un- derstanding its dhemistry. d, carbon 9. Molecules are always moving, some molecules move faster than others; is a 2. An acid is a substance that their average velocity of movement. dissolves in water. b, forms covalent bonds with other substances. b, heat c. donates hydrogen ions to solutions. d. is a versatile solvent. e, removes hydrogen ions from solutions. How an atom behaves when it comes into con- 10 Which of the following holds atomstogether in tact with other atoms is determined by its a. nucleus. a. ionic bonds between atoms b. size. b. transfer of protons from one atom to another sharing of electrons between atoms d, neutrons. d. loss of neutrons by atoms e sharing of protons between atoms 4. Most of water\'s unique properties result from 11. loe floats because the fact that water molecules a. it is colder than liquid water a. are very small. its molecules are moving faster than in liq- b. tend to repel each other. uid water. extremely large. c it is more dense than liquid water. d. tend to stick together. d its hydrogen molecules bond to the water e are in constant motion. e, its water molecules are farther apart than in 5. Atoms of different phosphorus isotopes a. have different atomic numbers. b, have different numbers of neutrons. 12. Adding acid tends to of a solution. e. react differently with other atoms. a. increase the hydrogen ion concentration and d. have different numbers of electrons. raise the pH e. have different numbers of protons. b, increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the PH 6. An ion is formed when an atom c. decrease the hydrogen ion concentration forms a oovalent bond with another atom. and raise the pH b. gains or loses an electron. d. decrease the hydrogen ion ooncentration becomes part of a molecule. and lower the pH d. gains or loses a proton. e. cord,depending on the original acidity e, gains or loses a neutron. 7. The smallest particle of water is Essay a. an atom. 1. List the four elements meeded by living things b a crystal. in large amounts, two others needed in moder- an element. ate amounts, and two elements needed in trace d, a Solution 1. The answer is: b. Iron. Others are macro nutrient, require in higher amounts by the body. 2. The answer is: c. donates hydrogen ions to solutions. Acid is a proton donator. 3. The answer is: e. electrons. How an atom behaves when it comes in contact with other atoms is determined by its electronic configuration and hence electrons. 4. The answer is: d tend to stock togethe.

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Will you explain chemical bonds? Solution A chemical bond can be technically defined as an association between two or more elements by the means of either sharing of electrons, donation/acceptance of electrons, formation of hydrogen bonds or weak interactions. Chemical bonds are formed to give rise to a compound which is chemically stable. A chemical bond can be of following types: Thus, this information suggests that there are multiple types of chemical bonds which together help in formation and maintenance of virtually all the molecules including biomolecules in living and non-living systems..

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What is a stub and why is it used in testing? Solution Stub is a program that test the behaviour of the software component. It can be used in the place of the component in a program that has the same behaviour of the component it is replacing. It is used in the top down integration testing to check the behaviour of lower level module that are yet not integrated.They afre also used for the interaction with external system..

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What are the basic building blocks for Consumer Based Brand Equity? Describe the prescriptive steps used in building a CBBE strategy for the firm. Solution Step 1 Brand Identity: Who are you? In this stepts the goal is to create brand salience or awareness, you need to make sure your brand stands out Step 2: Brand meaning - What are you? The goal here is to identify and provide communication about the meaning of your brand and what stands for. Step 3: Brand Response - What Do I think or feel about it? The customer`s responses to the brandas are in 2 different categories: judgment and feelings Step 4: Brand Resonance - How much of a connection would I like to have ? This is the top of n the brand equity pyramid because it is the most difficult and of course is the most desirable. You have achieved brand resonance when your customers feel a deep, psychological bond with your brand.

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Vegetation cover and aspect influence temperature Temperature is always higher on exposed slopes more variable on exposed s slopes always lower on forested slopes. less variable on exposed N slopes. related to slope position but not vegetation. Solution B) More variable on exposed S slopes. From the graph we can see temperature variation of S slopes. For S-ex slope temeprature varies from 15°C to 35-36°C reaching the peak at 37°C and the slides down again to20°C..

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The grouping Archaea is which of the following in the modern taxonomic hierarchy? A - Species B - Phylum C - Kingdom D - Domain Solution D- domain According to the three domain classification, archaea constitutes a domain- a domain can consist of kingdoms; it is the highest taxonomic rank in taxonomic hierarchy. According to an older classification of six kingdoms, archaebacteria was classified as a kingdom, but the new classification by Carl Woose differentiates archae from bacteria and considers archaea as a domain..

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