The Human Heart

The heart is considered a “myocardial” muscle
It is both a muscle and an organ
It is a muscle because it has contractions in it’s operations
It is an organ because it has a “function” in the human body

 The human heart has over 20 parts to it
 The human heart has it’s own “battery Pack”
 The human heart has two different
compressions
 The human heart is divided into two sections
 The human heart has 4 chambers
02/26/15 Archana Das 2

 Heart tissue contracts because of it’s
“nodes”(battery type)
 Heart tissue never rests
 The human heart can have over 250
contractions(beats)per minute
 The human heart at rest can have as few as 45
contractions/beats per minute
 The human heart does not reach tetnae because
of lactic acid build up

 The heart has 4 chambers
 The inferior chambers of the heart pump blood
out of the organ
 The superior chambers brings blood into the
heart
 Valves allow blood to flow from one chamber to
the next

 Deoxygenated blood comes to the heart
though two large veins called the
Inferior and Superior Vena Cava’s
 The Inferior Vena Cava returns blood to
the heart from the inferior part of the
human body
 The Superior Vena Cava returns blood
to the heart from the thorasic cavity and
superior to that area of the body

 The Right Atrium is the smallest chamber of the
human heart
 It is a storage area for blood to be held until it is
pumped into the Right Ventricle
 The valve between the Right Atrium and the
Right Ventricle is the Atrioventricular Valve

 The Right Ventricle is larger than the Right
Atrium
 The Right Ventricle pumps blood into the
Pulmonary Arteries that go to the lungs
 The valve between the Right Ventricle and the
Pulmonary Arteries is the Semilunar Valve

 The Pulmonary Arteries deliver blood to the
Right and Left Lungs
 The Arteries become smaller Arterioles
 The Arterioles slowly become smaller Arterial
Capillaries

 Waste gases (carbon dioxide/Lactic Acid)are
delivered in blood from the Pulmonary
Arteries
 Osmosis is the process of gases moving from
levels of high pressure to areas having lower
pressure
 Osmosis takes place in the Alveolis of the
Lungs
 Humans inhale gas that is mostly Oxygen
 Humans exhale gas that is mostly Carbon
Dioxide (sometimes it has Lactic Acid in it also
if you are exercising)

 Gases change places in the Alveolis because the
pressure is greater in the opposing areas
 Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels
carrying only one red blood cell at a time
 Capillary walls are very thin
 Because of the thin capillary walls, gas can go
through them to the other side

 Carbon Dioxide exchanges places with Oxygen
within the lung’s alveoli
 Humans then exhale the waste gases of Carbon
Dioxide and Lactic Acid
 Oxygen is taken into the microscopic capillaries
back to larger venules and then to the
Pulmonary Veins

 These veins are the only place in the Human
Body where oxygenated blood travels.
 All other veins in the Human Body carry only
deoxygenated blood
 Pulmonary Veins lead the newly oxygenated
blood back to the Left Atrium

 The Left Atrium is larger than the Right
Atrium
 The Left Atrium contracts to move oxygenated
blood to the Left Ventricle
 The valve blood leaves through to the Left
Ventricle is the Mitrol Valve

 The Left Ventricle is the largest, strongest,
thickest Chamber in the Human Heart
 The Left Ventricle contracts with greater force
than any of the other Chambers
 The Left Ventricle contracts strong enough to
create “Blood Pressure” thoughout all of the
bodies Arteries
 Blood leaves the Heart though the Aortic Valve
into the Aortea

 The Aorta is the largest, strongest Artery in the
Human Body
 There are three parts to the Human Aorta
The Ascending Aorta, The Aortic Arch, and the
Descending Aorta
In the Aortic Arch, Three Arteries branch off
1 The Right Subclavian or Brachial Artery
2 The Common Carotid Artery
3 The Left Subclavian, or Brachial Artery

 The Carotid Arteries deliver oxygenated blood
to the Brain on both sides of the neck (Left and
Right Carotid Arteries)
 The two Carotid Arteries branch off of the
Common Carotid Artery
 Blood returning to the Superior Vena Cava
come from the Jugular Veins (left and right)

 The Right and Left Brachial Arteries deliver
oxygenated blood to both upper arms
 From the Brachial Arteries come the Radial
Arteries

 The Descending Aorta delivers oxygenated
blood to the inferior parts of the body

 The Human Heart has two Nodes that aid in
the contractions of the Chambers
 The Sinoarterial Node is found in the superior
section of the Right Atrium
 The Atrioventricular Node is found between
the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
 Nodes have electrical power to cause the
Chambers to contract in a timely manner.

 Distole
 Happens when the Atriums contract and push
blood into the ventricles
 Does not take a large amount of pressure to do
this
 Systole
 Happens when the Ventricles contract and
push blood out of the heart
 Takes a tremendous amount of pressure to
pump blood into the Aorta

 The Heart has 4 major Coronary Arteries
 Bring blood to the Heart “Muscle”
 Blood inside the 4 chambers does not feed the Heart
tissue with needed oxygen
 Coronary Arteries are where Plaque or Cholesterol
usually collects
 The main Coronary Artery is nicknamed the “Widow
Maker” due to the amount of Heart Attacks men of
early years suffered
 Blocked Coronary Arteries can be repaired by cleaning
out the Plaque or Cholesterol “stuck” there

 All Arteries in your body lead away from the
Heart
 All Veins in your body lead to the Heart
 The only Artery that does not carry
“oxygenated” blood is the Pulmonary Artery
 The Pulmonary Artery takes de-oxygenated
blood from the Right Ventricle to the Lungs to
drop off Waste Gases
 The Pulmonary Vein brings back oxygenated
blood from the lungs

 Arterioles are smaller Arteries that branch off
main Arteries
 Veinules are smaller Veins that branch off main
Veins
 Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels where
only one blood cell can fit through at any one
time
 You have veinus and arterial capillaries

 Blood leaving the Heart through the Aorta will
take about 20-30 seconds to return to the Heart
 Blood leaving Aorta will branch off and go
different directions every time it leaves the Heart
 All blood returning to the Heart travels through
the Liver first to be refined
 All blood has to go through these organs every
time it circulates: Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys
 Otherwise, blood does not go to every cell in the
body

 The Heart has it’s own “firing” sequence
 This Sequence is called Sinus Rhythm
 If the correct Sequence does not happen the
contractions of the Heart are called Fibrillation
 Nodes are very similar to “Heart Batteries”
 Nodes send out electrical signals for different
Chambers to contract in the correct order

 The Sinoartrial Node is in the Right Atrium
wall
 The Sinoarteral Node causes the Atriums to
contract pushing blood into the ventricles
 The Sinoarteral Node is also known as the
“Pacemaker”

 The Atrioventricular Node is in the walls
between the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
 The Atrioventricular Node causes the
Ventricles to contract
 Blood leaves the Right Ventricle and goes
through the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries
into the Lungs

 Heart Valves are created in a way that blood
can only go “One Way”
 Blood should not ever flow backwards
 The Heart Valves should have “integrity”
Or be “blood proof”

 Tricuspid Valves are found between the
Ventricles and the Atriums
 Tricuspid Valves have three folds of tissue
 There is not very much pressure exerted on
these Valves because blood does not move very
far

 You have a Semilunar Valve between the
Ventricles and the Blood Vessels leaving the
Heart
 The Pulmonary Valve and the Aortic Valves
are Semilunar type Valves
 Semilunar Valves have two folds of tissue

The Human Heart

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