with complete data

1. Nutritional Intake
Among Teenagers
Principles of Human Nutrition (HCB11403)
Lecturer
Mdm Masyita Mamot
1

2. 2
Nama Id No
Nur Rodziah Binti Yam Salihin 12211116082
Nuha Binti Mohd Nasir 12211116070
Nurmasidayu Binti Maidin 12211116015
Noor Atikah Bt Nasiruddin 12211116123
Nur Fatimah Bt Abd Hamid 12211116014
Nur Amira Bt Yahya 12211116024
Nurul Jannah Bt Arifin 12211116078
Fatein Alia Bt Roslee 12211116077
Nur Iliya Fatimi Bt Jamil 12211116005
Nama Id No
Nurul Amira Adila Bt Rozan 12211116027
Noramrina Bt Nekmat 12273113545
Nur Syafiqah Bt Abdul Kadar 12211116038
Nu’man Azim B Mohd Nasir 12211116023
Musa B Salleh 12211116080
Mohd Arif Bin Ramli 12211116035
Muhammad Nabawi B Sabri 12211116069
Muhammad Ihsan B Mohd Hisham 12211116033
Group Members

3. 3
CALORIES INTAKE

4. Energy: Based on the graph
shown, the average of the
energy intake by the male
teenagers is approximately
reach the recommended
energy intake by RNI which
is good. But if there huge
gap lower from the
recommended energy
intake, it may reduced the
muscle mass of the
teenagers. The metabolic
rate of the teenagers will
drop dramatically if they
eat too little calories
Energy Recommended Mean
Male 2440.00 2360.54

5. Energy: Its shown on the
graph that the energy
intake of the female
teenagers is over the
recommended energy
intake by the RNI which is
not good. The excessive
energy intake may lead to
the obesity, which occur
when actual body weight is
at least 20 percent greater
than ideal body weight.
Energy Recommended Mean
Female 2000.00 2666.84

6. 6
MACRONUTRIENTS
(Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid)

7. 7
Carbohydrate

8. Carbohydrates: Based on the graph above, both gender
consume slightly excessive amount of carbohydrates
from the amount of carbohydrates intake
recommended by RNI which can be consider as good.
Otherwise, if the they consume too much of
carbohydrates without any healthy practice, it may
increase the sugar level in their body and they have
the chances to get the diabetes or any cardiovascular
disease.
166.97
257.71
145.98
429.43
250.02
225.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
M1 M2 M3 M4 Average RDA
Amountofcarbohydrates(g)
Male Respondents
Carbohydrates (Male)
364.87
588.868
384.973
171.83
133.31
420.42
344.04 325.00
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Average RDA
AmountofCarbohydrates(g)
Female Respondents
Carbohydrates (Female)
Macronutrients Target (g) Average (g)
CHO (female) 325.00 344.04
CHO (male) 225.00 250.02

9. 9
Protein

10. Macronutrients Target (g) Average (g)
Protein (female) 55.00 102.06
Protein (male) 62.00 99.88
Protein: Based on the graph above, there is
an excessive intake of protein in their daily
consumption. The excessive protein intake
may lead to the weight gain, extra body fat,
stress on our kidneys and dehydration.

11. 11
Lipid

12. Lipid: The lipid intake by the male teenager is
quite good which is close to the amount of
recommended lipid intake in RNI but there is
an excessive intake of lipid in the daily
consumption of the female teenagers. As we
know the excessive intake of lipid may lead to
the obesity and also may lead to any
cardiovascular disease like heart attack.
85.26 91.71 76.11
161.81
103.72 101.10
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
M1 M2 M3 M4 Average RDA
AmountofFat(g)
Male Respondents
Lipid (Male)
91.899
76.849
168.911
22.58
74.37
164.69
99.88
77.70
0
50
100
150
200
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Average RDA
Fat(g)
Female Respondents
Lipid (Female)
Macronutrients Target (g) Average (g)
Lipid (female) 77.70 99.88
Lipid (male) 101.10 103.72

13. 13
MICRONUTRIENTS
(Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron &
Zinc)

14. 14
Calcium

15. Micronutrients Target, mg Mean, mg
Calcium (Male) 800 351.73
Calcium (Female) 800 617.54
318.65
368.56
293.98
425.74
351.73
800
0
200
400
600
800
1000
M1 M2 M3 M4 Average RNI
AmountofCalcium,mg
Male Respondant
Amount of Calcium for Male Respondant.
1076.43
1024.37
652.42
496.56
249.44 206
617.54
800
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 average RNI
AmountofCalcium,mg
Female Respondent
Amount of Calcium for Female Respondant
Calcium: As we can see, there is an deficiency in
the calcium intake by both gender. The
deficiency of the calcium intake may lead to the
hallucinations, muscle cramps, weak and brittle
nails and also easy fracturing of the bones. So it
is advise for the teenagers for both gender to
take enough amount of calcium based on the
RNI

16. 16
Sodium

17. 3,934.00
2,481.00
3,226.00 3,109.00 3,187.50
1,500.00
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
M1 M2 M3 M4 Average DRI
AmountofSodium,mg
Male Respondant
Amount of Sodium for Male Respondent.
Micronutrients Target, mg Mean, mg
Sodium (Male) 1500 3187.50
Sodium (Female) 1500 4387.81
3,564.17 3,497.47 3,685.90
1,902.60
5,029.39
8,647.34
4,387.81
1,500.00
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 average DRI
AmountofSodium,mg
Female Respondent
Amount of Sodium fo Female Respondant
Sodium: based on the graph shown, there is an
excessive intake of sodium for both gender. The
excessive intake of sodium may lead to the kidney
stone, stroke, stomach cancer and the enlargement of
the heart muscle. Its is advisable for both gender to
lower down their sodium intake in their daily meals by
following the recommended sodium intake by the RNI

18. 18
Potassium

19. 1041.5
1546.8
1861.9
3155.4
1901.4
4700
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
M1 M2 M3 M4 Average DRI
AmountofPotassium,mg
Male Respondant
Amount of Potassium fo Male Respondant.
Micronutrients Target, mg Mean, mg
Potassium (Male) 4700 1901.4
Potassium (Female) 4700 3112.57
5060.34 5055.2
4494.23
1289.55
840.61
1935.48
3112.568333
4700
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 average DRI
AmountofPotassium,mg
Female Respondent
Amount of Potassium for Female Respondant
Potassium: Based on the graph above, both
gender consume lower amount of potassium in
their daily food intake compared than the
recommended potassium intake in RNI. The
deficiency in potassium intake may lead to the
muscle weakness, myalgia, tremor, and muscle
cramps.

20. 20
Iron

21. Micronutrients Target (mg) Average (mg)
Iron (female) 18.00 30.20
Iron (male) 8.00 11.85
Iron: The graph above shown, there is an excessive
intake of iron for male and female which are 11.85mg
and 30.20mg respectively which are over the
recommend iron intake in RNI. The excessive intake of
iron may lead to the dizziness, fatigue, headache,
weight loss, vomiting, nausea, gray skin and shortness
of breath.

22. 22
Zinc

23. Micronutrients Target (mg) Average (mg)
Zinc (female) 4.90 11.06
Zinc (male) 6.70 11.34
Zinc: Based on the graph above, there is an
excessive intake of zinc for both gender. The
excessive intake of zinc in our daily meal may
cause the zinc to accumulate in acute kidney
injury. In addition , the high zinc levels can
prevent some drugs from working properly
by preventing our body from absorbing some
antibiotic medications.

24. 24
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMIN
(Vitamin A)

25. Vitamin A
25

26. 26
Vitamin A: Based on the charts above the intake
amount is insufficient for males, meanwhile the
females shows adequate intake as in DRI. Vitamin
A promotes proper bone growth and tooth
development. Teen boys should get 900
micrograms per day, while teen girls need 700
micrograms daily. Best sources is dairy products,
eggs, liver, fish, fortified cereals, darkly colored
fruits, and leafy vegetables.

27. 27
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMIN
(Vitamin B & C)

28. 28
Vitamin B (Folate)

29. Vitamin B (Folate) Recommended Mean
Male 400 171.46
Female 400 276.65
Vitamin B: its seems that the mean of the folate
intake for both gender is lower than the
recommended folate intake by RNI. So it is
advise for the both gender of teenagers to
consume enough folate because the deficiency
in folate may lead to anemia

30. 30
Vitamin B (Thiamin)

31. Vitamin B1
(Thiamin)
Recommended Mean
Male 1.2 0.8
Female 1.1 3.34
It seems that there is an insufficient intake of thiamin
for male teenagers while excess intake of thiamin by
female teenagers. Moreover, the teenagers are advise
to take sufficient thiamin because the insufficient
intake of thiamin may lead to beri-beri while the
excessive intake of thiamin may lead to swelling on
the face, throat or tongue

32. 32
Vitamin B (Niacin)

33. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Recommended Mean
Male 16 25.49
Female 14 30.88
Niacin: It shown an excessive intake of Niacin on
both gender. The teenagers are advise to take
sufficient intake of niacin because the excessive
intake of Niacin may lead to diarrhea, nausea
vomiting

34. 34
Vitamin B (Riboflavin)

35. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Recommended Mean
Male 1.3 0.97
Female 1.1 2.32
There is an excessive intake of riboflavin by
female teenagers while deficiency intake of
riboflavin by the male teenagers. The teenagers
are advise to take sufficient amount of
riboflavin because excessive intake of
riboflavin may increase the toxicity inside our
body while the deficiency in riboflavin may lead
to weakness and throat swelling/soreness.

36. 36
Vitamin C

37. Vitamin C average intake for male
significantly low compared to RNI (70
mg) meanwhile average intake for
female is slightly higher compared to RNI
(70 mg) but both of this average still
below the UL of 1800 mg which is the
safe amount
Vitamin C Normal level Average
Male 70 mg 25.25 mg
Female 70 mg 110.42 mg

38. MALAYSIA
N FOOD
PYRAMID
Guide to provide a
framework for the types
and amounts of food
that can be eaten in
combination to provide
a healthy diet.
It consists of levels
that represent
various food groups
From the bottom to
the top of the food
pyramid, the size of
each food group
becomes smaller
Indicate that individual
should eat more of the
foods at the base of the
pyramid and less of the
foods at the top of the
pyramid

39. Eat Less
Eat More

40. 1 whole apple
2 pieces of tauhu
1 piece of
chicken drumstick
1 cup of rice
½ cup of green,
leafy vegetables
1 glass of milk
Food recommendation
per serving

41. Heart & Cell
Health
Cognitive &
Heart Health
Lung Health &
Healthy Cell Growth
Immune Function
& Eye Health
Bone & Circulatory Health
Are you getting your dose of colour?

42. Physical Activity
Physical activity is
defined as any
bodily movement
produced by skeletal
muscle that result in
energy expenditure
Recommendation for teenagers to participate at least
60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity a
day by having three days sessions per week
Ministry of Health dietary guidelines

43. Type of Physical Activity
Moderate
physical activity
Brisk walking
Playing badminton
Aerobic exercise
Cycling medium-spaced
Indoor activity in gymnasium
Vigorous physical
activity
Jogging
Playing football
squash
Tennis
Netball
basketball

44. Some Of The Activities Whenever
Possible To Be More Active
Choose to walk up the stairs,
instead of taking lift or escalator
Gardening, such as moving pot or trimming plants.
Do housework manually such as sweeping and
mopping instead of using automated machines
Choose to walk to the shop, surau or
other place instead of driving

45. Positive Effect Of Regular Physical Activity
Helps to maintain healthy bone by consuming a dairy product
(eg: milk, cheese, broccoli)
Help to reduce the risk of developing obesity and chronic disease
(eg: vigorous activity running, football, swimming)
Promote psychological well-being
Reduce the feeling of depression and anxiety
Improve concentration in class ( adequate intake of carbohydrate )
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