Introduction to bryophytes,its classification, the "Amphibians of the plant world", External and internal structure,Habitat and Distribution,Reproduction and affinities of Bryophytes,T Terminology and nutrition of bryophytes.

2. BRYOPHYTES

3. Bryophytes
Introduction to
bryophytes
Structure of
Bryophytes
Reproduction in
Bryophytes
Economic
importance
Member
description
( Riccia)

4. Introduction to
Bryophytes

5. Objectives of
disscussion
Terminology
and Definition
Habitats
Taxonomy and
distribution
Amphibians of
Plant Kingdom
Modes of
Nutrition
Distinguishing
Characteristics of
Bryophytes

6. Definition
The initial plants to colonize the
earth and are Atracheophytes ,
embryophytic and link between
thallophytes and tracheophytes.
Terminology
Bryophyte is derived from two
words:
 Bryon means “ Mosses”
 Phyta means “ Plants”

7. Amphibians of the plant world
Vegetative
growth Reproduction
Motility of
antherozoids to
archegonium
Dehiscence of
mature
antheridia
Liberation of
antherozoids

8. Deserts
Plains
Swamps
Mountains
& Rocks
Epiphytes
Epiphyllous Marine
Fresh
Water
Old Walls

9. Swamps
• A moss sphagnum
inhabits bogs or
swamps.
• It covers about 1-2%
of the marshy areas
of the whole land.
 Mountains &
Rocks
• Some are found at
the height of 4000-
8000.
Sphagnum bog in
Ottawa, Canada
Porella

10.  Epiphytes
• Grow on trees due
to humidity but are
not parasitic.
 Epiphyllous
• Grow on the leaves
of other plants such
as liverworts.
• This is due to
presence of
moisture.

11.  Deserts
• Some species have adapted
to xeric condition sand
grow with limited supply of
water.
 Old walls
• Grow on rough places like
walls when find water
content . e.g. . Tortula
muralis.
Polytrichum

12.  Plains
• Some bryophytes grow in
areas where clay and
moisture are present.
 Marine water
• Do not grow directly in
marine water.
• Grow on rocks flooded by
salty water and obtain
nutrients.
Marchantia
Funaria

13.  Fresh water
1. Free
Floating
2.Attached
to
substratum

14.  Taxonomy
Bryophytes has three classes:
 Hepaticopsida or liverworts
 Anthoceropsida or hornworts
 Bryopsida or mosses

15.  Distribution
• Widely distributed and
termed as cosmopolitan.
• Found from plains to height
of 4000-8000 feet.
 Nutrition
 Autotrophic mode of
nutrition.
 Absorb nutrients by rhizoids
or thallus like body directly.
 Have pores on thallus for
gaseous exchange
 Some exceptional species
are saprophytic.
Air pores
Bauxbaumia

16. General Characteristics
Archegonium
 Appeared for the first
time in bryophytes.
Homosporous
 Meisospores of one
species are
morphologically same
hence called
homosporous
Biflagellate sperms
 Whiplash type flagella
are present for motility.

17. Specialized root
like structure
for attachment.
Unicellular
Multicellular
Rhizoids

18. Independent gametophyte
 Gametophyte is
independent.
 Sporophyte is
dependent from
nutrition.
Protected reproductive
organs
 Multicellular and
jacketed organs.
 Have a layer of sterile
cells around sex cell.
Protection of Egg
 Egg is also protected by
venter and is not
independent of
gametophyte.

19. Calyptra
 Develops from
enlarged venter of
archegonium.
 Protects spores in
capsule.
Alternation of
Generations.
 Diploid sporophytic
generation is
changed into
haploid
gametophyte.

20. Thank you.