1. By: Jaqueline Rosas
Whitney Karow
P.8

2.  It is the word order and sentence
structure in a passage or poem.
 Designed to arrange words in a specific
manner to create meaning.
 Poetry may use syntax to create emotional
meaning or purpose.
 Shifts in the structure may also be altered to
create an emphasis of a change.

3.  Sentence
fragments.
 Run on
Sentences.

4. Business: Syntax = as business makes up the
economy, syntax structures the passage.

5.  The active voice in a passage is one that
involves a subject acting (verb) upon the object.
Ex: The man feeds the dog.
 The passive voice is when the object becomes
the subject.
Ex: The dog was fed by the man.

6.  The object in the active sentence switches as
the subject of the passive sentence:
Active: The student read the book.
Passive: The book was read by the student.

7.  “You Act before you Pass the test”

8.  It is words or phrases used for repetition
throughout a passage.
 Usually at the beginning of successive clauses,
or multiple clauses after the other.
 Can be used to emphasize a point or add
emotion in a passage.

9.  Example:
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of
wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was
the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of
Darkness…”Tale of Two Cities.
In this case, it emphasizes the past tense of “it was”, comparing
and contrasting the atmosphere in the setting of the story.

10.  ANAPHORA
 In the word itself, the “A” is repeated between
the letters, representing the clauses or phrases.

11.  It is the exchange of order between the noun
and adjective in a sentence.
 It may be used to create dramatic focus, or
emphasis on the content of the sentence.
 Used for euphony (Good sound) or rhythm.
 It is similar to inversion: change in the
arrangement of words in a sentence.

12.  Example:
Original : “The tree is tall and old…”
Anastrophe: “Tall and old is the tree...”

13.  “ANASTROPHE is a CATASROPHE”
Rearranges and causes dramatic effect

14.  It is the lack of conjunctions in a sentence or
phrase.
 It is used to focus on the immediate message it
tries to convey.
 Ex: “LIVE, LAUGH, LOVE”
 No “And, Or, But, As, However, Etc.”
 Straight-forward

15. ASYN/DETON[ATE]
“As in/ Detonate”
*Creates a SUDDEN message

16.  It is when the first phrase is being reversed in
the second phrase of a sentence.
 It helps create a contradictory sentence to serve
a new meaning.
 It rearranges the context of the sentence.

17.  Example:
“Nations do not mistrust each other because
they are armed, they are armed because they
mistrust each other.”
Ronald Reagan

18.  CHIASMUS

19.  It is the reverse of words in the normal order,
or syntax, of a sentence.
 The verb may come before the subject.
 It adds emphasis to the sentence.
 Ex: You will learn only when you study.
Only when you study, will you learn.

20. INVERSION INVERSE
= REVERSE

21.  It is a sentence that contains additional
information and may be long.
 Usually starts off with a predicate statement.
 May be used to create a narrative literature.
 Helps convey the main idea first.

22.  Example:
"Halfway between West Egg and New York City
sprawls a desolate plain, a gray valley where
New York’s ashes are dumped." - The Great
Gatsby
*It states what the story will be about, stating the
setting and creating imagery.

23.  Loose sentence
 It flows freely, loose, not restrained.

24.  Technique in which words, phrases, or stanzas
are used repeatedly.
 Causes emphasis to focus on the message.

25.  The tide rises, the tide falls,
The twilight darkens, the curlew calls;
Along the sea-sands damp and brown
The traveler hastens toward the town,
And the tide rises, the tide falls.
Darkness settles on roofs and walls,
But the sea, the sea in darkness calls;
The little waves, with their soft, white hands
Efface the footprints in the sands,
And the tide rises, the tide falls.
The morning breaks; the steeds in their stalls
Stamp and neigh, as the hostler calls;
The day returns, but nevermore
Returns the traveler to the shore.
And the tide rises, the tide falls.

26.  REPEAT

27.  The repetition of conjunctions in close
succession.
 The opposite of asyndeton.
 Ex: I said, "Who killed him?" and he said, "I don't know
who killed him but he's dead all right," and it was
dark and there was water standing in the
street and no lights and windows broke and boats
all up in the town and trees blown
down and everything all blown and I got a
skiff and went out and found my boat where I had
her inside Mango Key and she was all right only she
was full of water.
—Ernest Hemingway, "After the Storm."

28.  POLY MANY/MORE THAN ONE
 Syndeton is a rhetorical term for a
sentence style in which words, phrases, or
clauses are joined by conjunctions.
 Which equals a repetition of conjunctions

29.  The running over of a sentence from one line,
couplet, stanza to the next.
Legend By GILLIAN CLARKE
The rooms were mirrors
for that luminous face,
the morning windows ferned
with cold. Outside
a level world of snow.
Voiceless birds in the trees
like notes in the books
in the piano stool.
She let us suck top-of-the-milk
burst from the bottles like corks.

30.  ENJAMBENT: “Overflowing”

31.  The words that end the same in lines, phrases,
clauses, and sentences.
 EX: “We are born to sorrow,
pass our time in sorrow,
end our days in sorrow.

32.  EPISTROPHE

33.  A break or division in the middle of the line,
phrase, or stanza.
 EXAMPLE:
 Sing a song of sixpence, || a pocket full of rye.
Four and twenty blackbirds, || baked in a pie.
When the pie was opened, || the birds began to sing;
Wasn’t that a dainty dish, || to set before the king?
 The king was in his counting house, || counting out his money;
The queen was in the parlour, || eating bread and honey.
The maid was in the garden, || hanging out the clothes;
When down came a blackbird || and pecked off her nose.