RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS

1. RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS
BY ANJITA KHADKA

2.  Pharmaceutical Application:
1. Quality control and analysis of drug
products like:
• Antibiotics (Penicillin)
• Antiviral (amantidine)
• General anesthetics (chloroform and ether)
• Sedatives/hypnotics (barbiturates) etc.
2. Assay of Drugs: Purity of compound can be
determined for drugs like Atrophine
sulphate, Clove oil, Stearic acid etc.

3. 3. In determining the levels of metabolites in body fluids
like plasma, serum, urine etc.
 Miscellaneous:
• Analysis of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins,
steroids, drug and pesticides residues, trace elements
in foods.
• Pollutants like formaldehyde, carbon monoxide,
benzene, DDT etc.
• Dairy product analysis like milk, butter- for detection
of aldehydes, milk sugars, ketones and fatty acids.
• Separation and identification of volatile materials,
plastics, natural and synthetic polymers, paints and
microbiological samples.
• Determination of blood alcohol content in the body.

4.  Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC-MS):

5. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC-MS):
 Analytical method that combines the features of
gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to
identify different substances within a test sample.
 Advantages:
 High sensitivity
 High selectivity
 Speed

6. Application:
 Drug detection
 Fire investigation
 Environmental analysis
 Explosives investigation
 Identification of unknown samples
 Detect inborn errors of metabolism
(congenital metabolic disease).

7. fig: insides of the GC-MS, with the column of the gas
chromatograph in the oven on the right.

10. 2D Gas Chromatography:

12.  Advantages of 2D Gas chromatography:
 To separate a complex mixture of substances into
individual components.
 Enhanced resolving power.
 Higher peak capacity.

13.  The Mini Gas Chromatograph (Mini GC) is a
portable instrument for separating, analyzing, and
identifying substances contained in a volatile
liquid or gaseous sample.

14. Mini GC:

15.  Advantages of mini GC:
 Low power requirements
 Easy to use with standardized software
 Automated sampling or direct injection
 No carrier gas required (room air is used as
carrier gas)- micro electro mechanical system
based.
 Portable and light weight design
 Small internal volume

16.  Measure several compounds used in mini GC:
 Alcohols
 Aldehydes
 Aromatic hydrocarbons
 Carboxylic acids
 Ketones
 Esters
 Ethers
 Nitriles

17.  G. R. Chatwal & S. K. Anand, “Instrumental Methods of Chemical
Analysis”,(Himalaya publishingnhouse), place, 2008, 2.673-2.700
 www.vernier.com/products/sensors/gc-mini
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_two-
dimensional_gas_chromatography
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrom
etry