Use of Technology and Innovation in Promoting Good governance

1. “Use of Technology and Innovation
in promoting Good Governance”
Prepared by
Anurag Jagetiya
Assistant Professor, MLV Textile &
Engineering College, Bhilwara (Rajasthan)
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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2. Outline
• Background
• Emergence of Good Governance
• Introduction to Good Governance
• Use of Technology to promote Good Governance
• Use of Innovation to promote Good Governance
• Challenges
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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3. Outline
• Background
• Emergence of Good Governance
• Introduction to Good Governance
• Use of Technology to promote Good Governance
• Use of Innovation to promote Good Governance
• Challenges
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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4. Background
• The time at the end of 1980 was of
unprecedented political changes.
• 1989, collapse of Berlin wall and disintegration
of Soviet Union.
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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5. Background
• Rapid political changes raised serious discussion: how a
state has to be designed in order to achieve economic
development i.e. Discussion of good governance
started.
• In 1989, World Bank’s study on “African region: from
crisis to sustainable growth” analyzed development
problems in Africa.
• In this study the term “governance” was first used to
describe the need for institutional reform and a better
and more efficient public sector in countries.
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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6. Background
• Poverty reduction was the key
challenge of World Bank
• To solve the root causes of
poverty, they have to focus on
necessary conditions for
sustainable development
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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7. Background
• Poorly functioning public sector institutions
and weak governance are major constraints to
growth and equitable development in many
developing countries.
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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8. Background
• The World Development
Report (WDR)
2000/2001: Attacking
Poverty, contains a rich
discussion of the
importance of good
governance and effective
public sector institutions
for poverty reduction
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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9. Outline
• Background
• Emergence of Good Governance
• Introduction to Good Governance
• Use of Technology to promote Good Governance
• Use of Innovation to promote Good Governance
• Challenges
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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10. Emergence of Good Governance
• in the 1990s, it was realized that neither good
policies nor good investments are likely to
emerge and be sustainable in an environment
with dysfunctional institutions and poor
governance.
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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11. Emergence of Good Governance
• The critical importance of well-performing
public institutions and good governance for
development and poverty reduction has come
to the forefront in the 1990s
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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12. Outline
• Background
• Emergence of Good Governance
• Introduction to Good Governance
• Use of Technology to promote Good Governance
• Use of Innovation to promote Good Governance
• Challenges
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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13. Introduction to Good Governance
• Governance
– The Africa-study of World Bank defined
governance as “the exercise of political power to
manage a nation’s affairs”
– It is the process of decision-making and the
process by which decisions are implemented
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Promoting Good Governance
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14. Introduction to Good Governance
• Governance
In 1992, World Bank
redefined governance as
the manner in which
power is exercised in the
management of a
country’s economic and
social resources for
development
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Promoting Good Governance
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15. Introduction to Good Governance
• Good Governance
– Good governance ensures that political, social and
economic priorities are based on broad consensus
in society and that the voices of the poorest and
the most vulnerable are heard in decision-making
over the allocation of development resources.
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Promoting Good Governance
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16. Introduction to Good Governance
• Good Governance
– If governance includes the exercise of authority in
managing the resources of a country, then good
governance is about making sure that this exercise
of power helps improve quality of life enjoyed by
all citizens.
– The concept emerges as a model to compare
ineffective economies or political bodies with
viable economies and political bodies
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Promoting Good Governance
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17. Introduction to Good Governance
• The concept centers on the responsibility of
governments and governing bodies to meet
the needs of the masses as opposed to
selected groups in society
• How public institutions conduct public affairs
and manage public resources
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Promoting Good Governance
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18. Pillars of Good Governance
• Three institutions are considered to be
reformed under good governance:
– The government
– The private sector
– The civil society
• However, demands vary with cultures
and priorities of the country.
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Promoting Good Governance
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19. Good Governance Standard # 1
• International Monetary Funds (IMF), in 1996
suggests the following factors to boost
economic growth of any country:
– Rule of Law
– Improving efficiency and accountability of Public
Sector
– Tackling corruption
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Promoting Good Governance
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20. Good Governance Standard # 2
United Nations suggested reform through
human development and political institution
reform and added following factors:
o Consensus Oriented
o Participatory
o Transparent
o Responsive
o Equitable and Inclusive
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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21. Good Governance Standard # 3
• The World Bank is more concerned with the
reform of economic and social resource
control.
– type of political regime
– process by which authority is exercised in the
management of the economic and social
resources,
– capacity of governments to formulate policies and
have them effectively implemented.
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Promoting Good Governance
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22. Why does Good Governance Matter?
• If a state practices good governance, it is likely
to be:
– Most developed country
– Statistical analysis has proven that good
governance improves economic performance
rather than vice-versa
– Quality of Life
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Promoting Good Governance
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23. • In the World Happiness Report, good
governance is recognized as one of the four
pillars of sustainable development
• In the World Happiness Report, good
governance is recognized as one of the
four pillars of sustainable development
• It signifies the ability of people to help
shape their own lives and to reap the
happiness that comes with political
participation and freedom
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Promoting Good Governance
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24. Case Study # 1: Singapore
• By transforming into one of the least corrupt
places in the world, it is fast becoming one of
the world’s booming economies.
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Promoting Good Governance
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25. Case Study # 2: Nigeria
• Nigeria, it is also Africa’s leading oil producer
and rich in minerals.
– Corruption is pervasive
– Government efforts to improve transparency and
reduce graft have been inadequate.
– Red tape and inconsistent enforcement of
commercial regulations burden the
entrepreneurial environment.
– 129th Rank in World Economic Freedom Index
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Promoting Good Governance
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26. How to determine whether governance is
good?
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Promoting Good Governance
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27. How to determine whether governance is
good?
• Although list is long but important issues are:
–Accountability
–Effectiveness
–Fairness
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Promoting Good Governance
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28. How to determine whether governance is
good?
–Accountability
• Citizen keep track of
Government’s promises
made during elections
• Where is the money
coming from
• Information should be
made public
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Promoting Good Governance
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29. How to determine whether governance is
good?
–Effectiveness
• Is government delivering education and
health care as per budget
• Revenue collection is honest
• Invest resources wisely
• Managing public funds for the benefit of
all
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Promoting Good Governance
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30. How to determine whether governance is
good?
–Fairness
• Trust between citizen and Government
• Trust between citizen and Institutions
• Free of Corruption
• Fair, reliable, and stable
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Promoting Good Governance
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31. Outline
• Background
• Emergence of Good Governance
• Introduction to Good Governance
• Use of Technology to promote Good
Governance
• Use of Innovation to promote Good
Governance
• Challenges
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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32. Use of Technology to improve Good
Governance
• Accountability
– Web Portals, e-Forums, e-News Letter, E-mail
– TV, Radio, Automated calls, SMS
– Social Media
• Facebook, Twitter
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Promoting Good Governance
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33. Improving accountability in the housing
programme for the poor
• Centre for Good Governance, Hyderabad
developed a web based system
– Up to date information about beneficiary
– Stage of construction of a house
– Details of money released as subsidy
– Material supplied by executive agency
– Upload of relevant photographs
Any body can see this information viz. general
public, civil society, community representative etc.
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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34. Transparency and social audit
• The Mahatma
Gandhi National
Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme
is a flagship
programme to
provide support to
the unemployed
rural poor
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Promoting Good Governance
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35. Contd.
• A comprehensive system is in place on a
national website to show the details of the
beneficiaries, the money released, community
works on which the workers have been
deployed and time taken in making payments
etc.
• This is also supported by concurrent social
audit
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Promoting Good Governance
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36. Grievance redressal, Right to
Information and ICT
• CGG developed a solution
• Citizen can communicate via call, SMS, or fax
to the call centers
• Automatic response to their
queries through SMS or calls
• Tracking is much easier
• Pilot started in Andhra Pradesh
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Promoting Good Governance
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37. Mobile Phone for improving service
delivery
• Mobile phones are
increasingly helping the
people to connect with
government.
• Mobile phone based
emergency rescue and
relief services.
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Promoting Good Governance
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38. • Ambulance services using
latest GIS system.
• E.g. Telemedicine
• Emergency Management
Research Institute,
Hyderabad is doing research
in ICT.
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Promoting Good Governance
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39. Common Service Centres
• National E-Government Plan to set up
Common Service Centres across country.
• Provides multiple array
of services under
single window without
human interface.
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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40. Outline
• Background
• Emergence of Good Governance
• Introduction to Good Governance
• Use of Technology to promote Good Governance
• Use of Innovation to promote Good Governance
• Challenges
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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41. Social Audits
• Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) says
‘Social Audit’ is “a public assembly where all the
details of the project are scrutinized”.
• It is “a way of measuring, understanding,
reporting and ultimately improving an
organization’s social and ethical performance
• Often, conducted by NGO, CSRs, or state formed
bodies.
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Promoting Good Governance
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42. • Govt of India’s 2013 budget allocated 46% of
its funds to the rural development ministry i.e.
80,194 Crores.
• MGNREGA accounts for major disbursement
of funds.
• Social Audit became necessary for effective
functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
• Gram Sabhas are empowered to conduct
Social Audis
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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43. Other Innovations towards Good Governance
• Anonymous SMS Hotline to Promote
Accountability
– Monitor and report corruption
• Web Service to connect with Government
– Involve citizen in decision making
• Global Search Engine
– All public data
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Promoting Good Governance
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44. • Fraud Analysis Programme Confronts e-
Procurement Corruption
• Increasing Transparency in Pharmaceutical
Procurement
• Online business License services
• E-Tender System
• Cut Waste, Cut- Red tape, Go Green like
movements have to be started.
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Promoting Good Governance
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45. • Corporate Governance
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Promoting Good Governance
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46. Challenges
• Literacy
• Awareness
• Whistle Blower Protection
• Corruption, favoritism
• Lack of Motivation to social audits
• Flexible laws
• No fear of Constitution
Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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47. Reference
• Dr. Rajiv Sharma, Director General, CGG, Hyderabad, Use of
ICT in improving governance and social accountability with a
pro-poor approach
• http://magnet.undp.org
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_governance
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Promoting Good Governance
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48. Use of technology and Innovation in
Promoting Good Governance
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