2. Transactional analysis
Transactional analysis is the study of social transactions
between people. It is a technique used to help people better
understand their own and others behavior, especially in
interpersonal relationship
Courses in TA are given to managers to help them improve
interpersonal communication and effectiveness.
It is based on psychotherapy.
Primary concept in Ta are ego state, transactions, strokes and
way people spend their time
3. Analysis of EGO state
Acc to berne, suggested that all people have three ego
states:
P
(PARENT)
A
(ADULT)
C
(CHILD)
Personality
4. PARENT EGO
Result of messages people receive from their parents,
elder sister, teachers during early childhood.
It is expressed by advice of do’s and don’ts.
Types :
• Nurturing parent ego
• Critical parent ego
Parent ego
5. CHILD EGO
This states constitutes the emotional, creative,
spontaneous and impulsive component of personality.
It is characterized by immature behaviour.
Child ego state reflects early child hood conditions and
experiences perceived by individuals in their early yrs of life
that is up to 5 yrs. Three form of child ego:
Natural child
Little professor
Adaptive child
6. ADULT EGO
Adult ego state is data processing center.
Part of our personality that can process data
accurately, that sees, hears, thinks, and can come up
with solutions to problems based on the facts and not
solely on our pre-judged thoughts or childlike
emotions.
Gives a person a measure of objectivity.
Can evaluate parental and child programming and
decide on what is all right and what needs to be
changed.
7. Types of TRANSACTIONS
I) Complementary ‘Transactions’
Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected
from another person.
Parallel communication arrows, communication continues.
Example 1: #1 What is the time please?
#2 It is 11:15.P
CC
A
P
A
9. II) Crossed ‘Transactions’
Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or
expected from another person.
When a transaction gets an unexpected response from an unexpected ego
state in the other person.
Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.
Example 1 #1 What time do you have?
#2 There’s a clock on the wall, why don’t you
figure it out yourself?
A
C
A
P
C
P
10. III) Ulterior ‘Transactions’
Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those
explicitly stated
When a transaction has a hidden message to it and it hooks the ego
state the hidden message was going for not the one the overt message
was aimed at.
The ulterior message is more important to the sender than the overt
message.
Eg.1) Do you know where the xray is?I cant find anything when I
need it.(Looks sad and pouts a little)
2)Don’t worry I will find it for you(Gives an affectionate look and
touch).
