Assignment One. “To View Language As Though It Were An

Assignment One. вЂњTo View Language As Though It Were An
Assignment One "to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of
human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings..." (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a mixed bag of
contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher's role is extreme in the process of understanding language.
It is not enough to merely consider the cultural context in which the speaker emerges, teachers must understand the implications arising from such
circumstances, and how they present in the classroom. Socio–cultural factors such as religion, sex and social class play a significant... Show more
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However, to grasp the full meaning of language, Gee conveys the need to view language as a three–dimensional object, requiring human interaction
and social context as the further dimensions. Without human interaction and social context, language is merely an object void of any meaning. It
is hard to find any characteristics of society that plays a role as fundamental as language does (Hudson, 1996, p. 4). Language is therefore seen as
more than a tool to communicate. Language is an identity used distinctly by different groups to recognise people with parallel values and beliefs
who share similar qualities. Vygotsky explains cognitive development as a 'socially mediated activity' which occurs during social interaction
(O'Donnell et al. 2016. p. 101). By providing us with this description, Vygotsky is reinforcing the fundamental role our social settings play in
contributing to student's overall development. Gee explains an important factor of why he believes some student 's do not succeed in the classroom.
A Discourse, as illustrated by Gee is a network of people that shares a similar way of using language, of valuing, acting and thinking, these traits
make the group easily identifiable (Green, 2006. p.3). While there are many benefits of belonging to a group, Children can be identified as failures if
the Discourse is unfamiliar to them. All cultures are diverse in one aspect or another. Many have different beliefs, ideologies and rules which help us
identify different
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Example Of A Diglossic Situation
Bryan Tran
Professor Washburn
Linguistics 115
7 December 2015Linguistics Final Project
A Diglossic Situation is where two varieties of a language co–exist within one society or community. Both varieties are used in this community and is
used based on different situations. Diglossic situations occur where both languages are either termed a "high or low variety. Selecting an official
/national language can be difficult for a country that has many language and has had a colonial past and can stir up social situation. An example of a
diglossic situation is in India, where there is a competition between the use of Hindi and English. This began nearly 175 years ago when Thomas
Babington Macaulay proposed the Macaulay's Minute, which was a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This example can be seen as an diglossic situation because Hindi and English are two varieties of a language that co–exist within India and both
languages have a determined high and low variety where English is considered the high variety because of its use in government, education, business,
and entertainment and Hindi being the low variety because of its lower prestige.
A Race/Ethnicity Based Dialect is a characteristics of a particular group of language speakers applying to their speech patterns based on their ethnic
/cultural subgroup. An example of race/ethnicity based dialect is standard Australian English. Australian English derived from British English and was
recognized as being different from British English in the early 1800s after founding the colony of New South Wales. It is the dialect of Australian–born
citizens as well as migrants who arrived during childhood ("Ethnocultural Voices"). The children of immigrant families in Australia adopt the speech
patterns of the country they reside in rather from their parents because of they want to conform to their peers. Multiculturalism in Australia came from
immigration from Asia and the Middle East that contributes to Australia's vast cultural diversity and expression of cultural identity in Australia.
Australian–born children are able to experience and embrace the cultural heritage and express their identities through their Australian Ethnocultural
dialects ("Ethnocultural Voices").

Standard English Essay
The question to ask is: 'Why not use Standard English all the time?'
Language is a powerful communication tool the user holds to express their individual identity and ingroup solidarity. The use of Standard English helps
to direct this, as it acts as the structure of communication, ingroup and between speech communities to effectively present a standard for mutual
understanding. Outside of Standard English comes the use of slang, netspeak and textspeak, which helps to develop and enrich the language, as well
as evolve with contemporary Australia and its fast paced lifestyle. Using the Standard all the time would be exclusive of the linguistic freedom formed
by the world beyond Standard English with varying ethnolects, but is also a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other forms of the English language are developed from speech communities with an intention, for efficiency and to show inclusion, and to exclude
others. It also helps to convey a specific identity of the speaker, with the use of syntactic and phonological differences from Standard English. These
modifications form non–standard dialects, transferring the speaker's cultural background and language to provide a better perception and reflection of
identity. The falling intonation accompanied with interrogatives in the Asian ethnolect, such as 'Gravy?', is the opposite of the rising intonation used
for the same purpose by Australians, and can quickly cause conflict between the two communities due to the missing benchmark in language. Pronoun
deletion in 'No like' ('I don't like it') is a feature of many ethnolects (Greek, Aboriginal English), and is differing from the Standard, yet still helps to get
the message across. Ethnolects develop from Standard English, and helps to express a user's identity through their language use and in–group solidarity
within the speech community.
There are a range of English varieties which are different from the Standard, developed from communities of speakers all sharing the same use of
language. Aboriginal English, a dialect of Australian English, remains a lingua franca for their speakers, used as a common language to communicate
between tribes for mutual

Language In English Language
Although human beings can learn a lot about language from reading books and studying grammatical conventions, purely analysing or studying a
language as an object will not allow a person to submerge themselves in the true social process and complexity of the language. Grudgeon and Gardner
(2000) use the analogy of language as a fish; the fish, itself is an organism to be studied, but its true marvel becomes apparent when it swims. The fish
represents the written, structured conventional form of language, whereas human beings add another element as they shape and morph language to suit
their social environment, representing the fish in motion. A person learning English as a second language may excel in a structured classroom
environment, only to find themselves confused in a real–world environment when fluent English speakers converse dynamically using slang, sarcasm,
jokes and inferred meanings. Children predominantly learn to speak from social imitation and interaction (Gee & Hayes, 2011). Inferred meanings or
social semiotics are learnt through exposure and interaction, similar to learning the different meanings of the traffic lights from repeated experience,
until it becomes instinctive to stop at a red light. Eventually, people react to the use of language subconsciously as opposed to literally interpreting
what the speaker is saying. Different dialects and formalities also add complexity to understanding the use of language. A dialect is a variation of a
language used

Anh Do's Autobiography 'The Happiest Refugee'
Students study a range of courses through the analysis of text types, in our school's Year Nine English curriculum. They have studied poetry in the
course of "Australian Identity", in which it gave an insight into conflicts, customs and multiculturalism in Australia. Despite that, all they have learnt is
just the tip of the iceberg, and that as a multicultural school, they should have a deeper understanding of the experiences of refugees who have made
Australia their home. It is why Anh Do's autobiography, 'The Happiest Refugee', should be included for study in a Year nine English course, by you,
the English faculty.
The book is an emotional and humorous autobiography, which circulates around the life of Anh Do, now a prominent Australian comedian and
presenter. It follows his family's escape from communist Vietnam, and explores Do's newfound life in Australia. The book sees... Show more content on
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This pertains to the majority of them, seeing how they come from many backgrounds. 'The Happiest Refugee' shows the struggles of living in a country
of oppression, and in a foreign nation, as a refugee. It educates students about their own cultural history, and how they are fortunate enough to have a
safe life in Australia. Studying the autobiography allows students to understand their culture and roots, and how we can live up to being a multicultural
school.
The theme of racism in 'The Happiest Refugee' makes it an ideal text to study in a year nine English course. It plays a big part in Anh Do's life, and as
a refugee, he was constantly subject to racial abuse throughout his life. It informs us about the omnipresent issue of racism in Australia, and our ever
fluctuating attitudes towards other cultures. Therefore, 'The Happiest Refugee' should be included for study in a year nine English course, because it
concerns an immoral issue that is present in Australian

Sign Language Analysis
1.Introduction
Language is more than the knowledge and use of words, both in speech and in text; it is a cultural identity, a signifier of status, a means of personal
expression. Language enables people to share their thoughts and needs, establish a dialogue with each other and work together. Language is not just
confined to the worlds of speech and printed text, there are many ways in which people are able to communicate such as Australian Sign Language,
Braille, cultural skills, customs and art (Emmitt, Pollock & Komesaroff, 2010, p. 52). Aboriginal dreamtime paintings are an example of language as
art, a skill passed down through thousands of generations, with different symbols that have ascribed meanings and are used in an artwork to tell ... Show
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This juxtaposition of cultural identities is especially apparent in schools where children arrive with their already learned cultural language and are
often expected by their educators and peers to learn and use standard Australian English. In early childhood, language is the primary tool with which
children learn cultural knowledge, norms and skills (Gee, 2011, p. 16), strongly informing their cultural identity. Children who are bilingual, or
multilingual, often demonstrate enhanced language skills gained from their ability to switch between languages (Adoniou, 2014; Fellowes et al., 2014,
p. 39), but these children are not always understood and supported. When educators dismiss the languages of students who speak English variants or
languages other than English at home, they risk underestimating and disempowering those students (Adoniou, 2014; Caruso, 1997, p. 93). It is vital
that instead of requiring students to assimilate, to learn and to use the language register of the school or classroom, educators should be supporting
students for whom English is not a first language, or who speak an English variant (Pandey, 2012, p. 388). Educators should be valuing the qualities,
abilities and strengths these students bring to the classroom (Emmitt et al., 2010, p. 53), as well as educating their monolingual students about

Analysis Of Indigenous Literacy Strategies
Indigenous Literacy Strategies
According to Harris and Sellwood (2016, p. 140), throughout history and "in all years of school, the average literacy levels for Indigenous students are
far lower than the average levels for Australian students as a whole." Moreover, the Closing the Gap campaign acknowledges the statistics from the
NAPLAN tests that indicate that Indigenous students are falling behind in literacy skills compared to non–Indigenous pupils (Australian Government,
2017). Therefore, the campaign's target is that by 2018 to halve the gap for Indigenous children in reading, writing and numeracy. There are many
factors that contribute to the lower literacy skills of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Some of the factors

The Australian Aboriginals are the Native People of Australia
Have you ever guessed what might have happened in the Australian past? The Australian Aboriginals are natives of Australia and have lived there for
many years. The Aborigine people have roamed Australia, the free–flowing land, for years, developing many customs and aspects to an interesting
culture: language, body painting, beliefs, laws, music, hunting and art. The Australian Aboriginals are the native people of Australia. They roamed the
land for 40,000 years. The Indigenous Aborigines lived as nomads, hunter–gatherers, and "with a strong dependence on the land and their agriculture for
survival (Ellie Crystal)". The Aborigine ways of life were interrupted when Britain sent convicts to Australia. The Australian Aboriginal tribes
... Show
The Aboriginals trust him more than doctors. Ngnangkari understands the spiritual problem of illness and performs spiritual rituals to relieve it.
Totems are honored by clans and they symbolize the plants, animals, ancestors, and thankfulness Aboriginals had for life. The Dreamings stood for
the powerful qualities of the species. Totems are usually passed on through generations of a family.Aboriginal's laws believe in orderly living.
Traditions and customs include; worshipping the powerful beings and respecting nature and Earth. Aboriginal music takes a major role in their
culture. It is carried on by the generations by being performed at religious ceremonies and special occasions. The didgeridoo is a particularly special
instrument of the Aboriginals; it is a wind instrument in the form of a long wooden tube that makes rhythmic accents of timbre and volume. They
traditionally made it from a hollow branch, which is shaped/blown in a particular way to make a resonant sound. Each didgeridoo is about 4 feet long,
playing beats to religious songs. Aboriginals are skilled at tracking animals and hunting. Traditionally, men hunted with wooden spears and boomerangs.
A boomerang is a crescent–shaped instrument carved from wood with paintings of animal designs. The idea of boomerangs originated in India and
Egypt, but Australians designed the boomerangs to return. It is a type of hunting club used to

How Informal Language Affect Australian Society
Discuss how informal language functions in Australian society. Refer to at least two subsystems.
British linguist David Crystal once said "languages that don't change are dead ones", and the evolution of English language; not only in Australia, but
on a global scale has developed in such a way that formal language is progressively becoming obsolete, whilst informal language is transforming into an
increasingly contemporary form of written and spoken communication. The wide utilisation of informal language especially in modern–day Australian
society functions to aid in the building of rapport, as well as enabling an increased association of an individual 's identity with the richness of Australian
culture. Although this is clearly evident ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This in turn ensures that when these words are stated there is less likely to be a situation where they violate the face values of a particular individual
as they have lost their sense of vulgar. This in turn ensures that the face needs of all interlocutors involved in a discourse are respected, which enables
effective rapport building to occur within a particular sociolect or in Australian society in general.
The wide employment of informal language in modern–day civilization also allows for an individual 's association with their cultures identity and
values to be increased dramatically; which is especially vital in countries like Australia. This is clearly evident through a wide use of colloquialisms
and slang lexemes that contribute to the social identity of Australia. For example lexemes such as "mate" and "g'day" are widely present in the
Australian English vernacular and these relate wholly to the sense of solidarity and openness that is intricate to Australian culture. This is evident
through the word "mate" which has been utilised instead of more formal lexemes such as "sir" or "madam", which were more popular in the past as a
way of showing another person that they are friends or that they are considered important, which clearly respects their positive face needs. The lexeme
g'day" on the other hand is regularly used as an opening in a discourse between Australian members of the community of similar social class. This

When We Go Walkabout Isolation
The Picture book "When We Go Walkabout" by author, Rhoda Lalara and illustrator, Alfred Lalara, published by Allen and Unwin is a popular dual
language text featuring the Anindilyakwa language and English. This book is suitable in an early year context for constructing short texts in the
Foundation English Literacy Strand (ACELY1651).
The language demands require EAL/D learners to be at a minimum level three minus according to the Bandscales State Schools (Queensland) reading
document to comprehend this text. For EAL/D learners to make meaning they require a sound level of word knowledge and explicit language teaching
to understand unfamiliar vocabulary such as "scrub". Simple sentences and exclamations, are represented in both the Anindilyakwa

Language And Culture : Language As But It Were An Object
In the above statement, Grugeon and Gardner criticise those who 'view language as though it were an object'. By describing language as an object, it
gives the impression of something static; incapable of growth or adaptation. In the author's view, to think of language in this way disregards the
different meanings that words can have in different social contexts. Language is a constantly evolving tool for communication and while many view it
as though it is a constant framework, static and unchanging, the truth is that language is always developing and changing. To get the most out of
language we must view it not as a strict set of rules; rather we should view it as the socio–cultural construct that it is. Language and culture are closely...
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When children play with other children they learn and develop social skills through the interactions they have. Additionally, they will learn unfamiliar
words and phrases by taking in the words and phrases vocalised by the other children they are interacting with (Villarroel, 2015). Children may be more
eager to cooperate in a classroom that uses play based learning methods as the additional stimulation can maintain their interest for longer. With this in
mind, teachers in an early childhood environment should not only encourage play in a classroom environment, they should set time for it in class and
organise lesson plans with play based learning methods in mind. Examples of play based learning in an early childhood setting include: Role playing to
learn about a particular historical figure, learning times tables through song or simply encouraging children to group up and use their imaginations
during recess. From a social interactionist perspective, the most important influence on language development for a child will be adult figures that have
a significant presence in their lives. The child will learn language through communication with that adult and the conversations the two have together
will help model language to the child to stimulate growth. A parent, grandparent or carer might assist the child to expand their vocabulary through the

The Importance Of Assisting Students With Eal / D
The demographics of Australia are constantly changing and the rise in families from many different countries settling in Australia is continually
increasing. This is evident in the growing number of students requiring English as an Additional Language (EAL/D) support throughout Australian
schools. EAL/D students often struggle with adapting to the Australian school setting due to a number of factors including their lack of understanding
in the English language and their own individual experiences such as culture, beliefs, values and experiences (Hertzberg, 2012, pp. 15–21). This essay
will discuss different means of assisting students with EAL/D in order to establish the necessary English language skills to learn and understand what
is being taught as well as key learning area vocabulary, content and language, based on the Australian Curriculum (Australian Curriculum and
Assessment Reporting Authority [ACARA], 2014, p. 6). Regardless of background, culture, values or traditions, all students in the classroom setting
have the right to access a constructive learning experience. The role of the teacher is the most vital in ensuring EAL/D students have the same learning
opportunities as their English speaking counterparts. In Australian schools, learning is achieved and demonstrated through English, therefore it is
essential for educators to be competent in teaching all students, including those who are bilingual or multilingual, from all backgrounds, with varying

English Language: Australia's Multicultural Society
Although English is the official language of Australia, Australia's multicultural society has created many subcategories of Australian English. It can be
broke down to different groups based on the ethno–cultural groups such as Lebanese English or Greek English as well as Indigenous English.
However, Australian accents comprehensively were separated into broad, general, and cultivated varieties (ABC, 2016). General accent represent the
most common accents and it is natural and less strong. Conversely, Broad accents are correlated with working–class speech and are quite strong, but
cultivated accents are partly close to British English. About 10 per cent of Australians speak like ex–prime minister Bob Hawke which compatible with
Broad Australian

Informative Influences On The Victimization Of American...
Without a doubt, our language usage is becoming increasingly casual. Some argue that this is due to the influence of American culture. While it is not
pervasive, the assimilation of American culture in Australia can be partly responsible for this trend. However, the predominant reason for our informal
language use is due to increasing connectivity through social media and other modern communication services. Despite this trend, the register of
discourses is still dictated by the context and setting of the situation.
American culture influences the informality of language that Australians employ in everyday life to some degree, especially for the younger
generations. Australians watch a large number of American movies and TV shows, arguably even more than Australian
–based entertainment. This has
led to the adoption of informal American colloquialisms such as 'bro', 'whatever' and 'chill out' by many Australians. In addition, Bruce Moore
remarks, 'Contemporary teenspeak comes from the world of teenage popular culture, and this culture is largely American'. Teenagers are more open to
change and actively follow new popular trends in vocabulary. Most of these latest developments in language have originated in America, as it contains
60% of the Anglosphere population. Therefore, it is no surprise ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'Netspeak' aims to communicate information as efficiently as possible, utilizing examples such as the acronym 'ASAP 'and the ellipsis 'Talk later' to
improve economy of expression. Some teenagers even adopt this language in informal spoken settings, which further spreads its usage among the
Australian public. Even older generations who are not familiar with social media and prefers face–to–face communication uses 'netspeak' when talking
with youths in order to be more relatable while reducing their social

Emerging English Learners
Homes all across Australia speak more than one language. This includes the large amount of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander languages and
dialects present across the country. The growing diversity of Australia is reflected in the amount of students who are classified as EAL/D learners.
EAL/D learners are students whose first language is either a dialect or language other than English.
Children are taught their first language/s (L1) at home this is known as their mother– tongue. Children may be taught two languages at once from the
time of infancy this is called bilingualism. Regardless of what these languages are each and every children will learn the same way. The learning
process is done gradually and takes at least 8 years to become ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These students may find it very difficult to participate in English tasks and will quickly tire when constantly having to converse in English.
Emerging English learners have a basic knowledge of English and also know other language or dialects. These students are more capable of
participating in classroom tasks and contributing to discussions. However they still struggle with written and oral tasks and need a lot more
concentration than those with English as their first language.
Developing English learners have a clearer understanding of English and actively participate in classroom tasks. With this higher knowledge of
English they are able to concentrate for longer periods and have a developing proficiency in written English. These students can also create longer
pieces of spoken or written language. However are still grasping the English rules of grammar and expanding their vocabulary.
Consolidating English learners have a sound proficiency in English and are able to concentrate on all classroom tasks including extensive teacher talks.
These students also have knowledge of the production of different structures and purposes of written and oral English and are able to produce them

Language Is A Complex Tool Used By Humans
INTRODUCTION
Language is a complex tool used by humans to convey meaning, express emotion and pass down information, it is a multi–faceted entity that is found
in many forms. Language does not just mean the spoken language used in everyday life to express intent, ask questions, identify objects and convey
feelings, but includes body language, such as facial expression and hand gestures, and written language. Body language is used both consciously and
unconsciously to express emotion and feeling without speaking and can be combined with oral language to enhance or change meaning. Written
language allows humans to visually record information, pass down ideas and connect people from great distances. These are by no means the only
forms that language is found in, digital language, sign language, tactile language, religious language, mathematical language, musical language and
many more are all forms of language.
While there are many forms of language, individual languages are very complex and varied. While languages have a standard accepted form (for
example Standard Australian English) they also have different dialects, which are forms of a language that are particular to a specific region or social
group (Oxford Dictionary). English, for example, comprises many dialects including British English, American English, Canadian English, South
African English and Australian English. These variants of English have vocabulary and grammar differences that make them unique from each

Communication Skills Needed Throughout A Child 's...
The main form of communication in society is spoken language, supported and enhanced by the delivery of gestures, facial expressions, body posture
and movement (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014, pp. 18–19). To be able to understand language a child will first need to understand speech. Both expressive
and receptive oral language are important for communication skills needed throughout a child's schooling (2014, p. 19). Children learn to copy and
produce meaningful speech gradually and decode language used by people around them (2014, p. 20).
Joining both– Semiotic systems are ways meanings are communicated between people, and both spoken and written language are part of one semiotic
system (Anstey & Bull, cited in Fellowes & Oakley, 2014, p. 19).
Written–
Depending on the purpose and audience, written genres can be either expressive/imaginative or factual (Emmitt, 2010, p. 77). The expressive
/imaginative genre delivers feelings in an imaginative way including journals, poetic–literacy and narratives (2010, p. 77). Factual types convey
information through reports, descriptions and textbooks (2010, p. 77). Digital technologies are changing communication through written language with
text messages, emails, Facebook and now Twitter which has a limited 140 characters per 'tweet' (2010, p. 77). Digital media are returning language to
"conversational, interactive, here–and–now foundations" as well as using metaphors, concrete images in virtual worlds (Gee & Hayes, 2011, p. 6).

Diversity Of English Throughout The Classroom
Diversity of English is forever adapting and advancing across the world and within the classroom over the centuries. As year digress and new
influences are introduced completely changing the way linguistic skills develop and how socially we use different devices and skills passed on from
different generations older or younger. Establishing so many variations of English's ,different cultures have quickly developed from each generation
with a more adapted vocabulary having been influenced from different forms of behaviour and social practices. The impact on Englishes rather than
English today and understanding Multi–literacies rather than Literacy, how quickly its developed to the 21st century and how it's brought into the
classrooms by teachers implicating different learning practices for the new generations of students to understand and learn from. Words... Show more
First, it changes because the needs of its speakers change. New technologies, new products, and new experiences require new words to refer to them
clearly and efficiently." (Betty Birner,2012) Today Children travel and move across the world bringing with them different cultures and Literacies
influenced by Parents, schools and Interacting socially. In every Country there are levels of speaking, socially how others communicate using different
phrases and words to differentiate certain objects or to identify a certain sex. Certain words or phrases have attached different meanings relating to
different objects for example: 'Sweater' In America means ' Jumper' to an Australian. Both Languages have the same

Stereotypical Roles of Australian Males Essay
Stereotypical Roles of Australian Males
The typical Australian: lazy, beer guzzling, faded blue singlets, thongs, slang words. This is the dominant reading formed by the media, commonly in
advertisements and novels. The image constructed by such media is one of an unfit 'couch potato' who sits around all day drinking and watching
television. This stereotype is not only downgrading, but constructs Australian males as underachievers in society. Some Australians may be like this, as
for many the pursuit of leisure is a serious business. Indeed texts such as Chris Franklin's – Bloke (2000) and The Wind and the Monkey (1999) support
this theory of the common Australian man. However texts such as Crocodile Dundee (1986) and The Castle (1999)... Show more content on
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Michael Dundee has such a loving attitude towards life that he leaves a positive lasting impression on everyone he meets. He tries his best to greet
everyone he sees in the street by saying, "G'day, mate." The viewer of this text is positioned to react in a positive way towards Dundee. Dundee may
not always abide by the laws of America, but he acts on what he believes is right. There are many scenes in the film where Dundee was seen
knocking someone out for some reason or another, but at the same time the viewer is still positioned to look at his positive aspects.
Crocodile Dundee is set in the cultural context of outback Australia and it's Aborigines. Michael Dundee was born in the Australian outback and raised
by the Aborigines of his area. He sometimes performs many cultural acts that only the Aborigines do. Such as "He's gone walkabout." In outback
Australia nothing changes, the towns are small and everybody knows one another. The social context of the outback Australian in comparison to New
York is portrayed as being very primate for its time.
Another text that shows no relevance to the dominant reading of Australian males is The Castle. This text follows the life of an Australian man by the
name of Darryl Kerrigan. Darryl is a tow truck driver and father of four whos only distinguishing feature is his reverence for his home and family. The
dominant reading of this

The Function Of English: The Primary Functions Of Language
The primary function of language is to convey ideas from one person to another. The dialect appearance is a typical process of linguistic development.
It is natural that varieties of language appear since the process of language usage includes language expansion. Social communities tend to split up into
groups, each of them displays differences in behaviour. Language reflects these differences.
The reason why dialects come into existence is connected with variety of speakers of that language. Different regions and speakers use various
vocabulary. In most cases they have native language that have an effect on the second language, in this case, It is English.
A dialect may be defined as a subdivision of a language that is used by a group of speakers who have some non–linguistic characteristic in common [].
The most common shared characteristic is a regional one: people who live in the same place tend to talk alike. British and American English are
different dialects of the same language. It is obvious which one of them appeared first and which one was created upon another. These varieties of
languages has different phonological, grammar, and lexis, The differences are usually studied by the second foreign language acquisition. But the
different varieties of English has many sub–dialects, both regional and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He says: 'When two varieties of English (or of any other language) differ in patterns of grammar and vocabulary, they are different dialects; if their
grammar and vocabulary are more or less identical but they differ in sound–patterns, then they are the same dialect but different accents. There is a
distinction between a regional and a class dialect. The two kinds of dialect are difficult to separate: there are regional variations in every class dialect
and class variations in every regional dialect, but regional variations become less strongly marked as the speakers ascend the social

The Decline Of Standard Australian English
According to Ethnologue, there is reportedly '7 097 living languages worldwide' (Simons, 2016) furthermore; Anderson (2012) explains the decline of
the number of languages worldwide as being due to the growth of the major languages; a lesser utilised language dies when it ceases to be learnt by
children. Standard Australian English (SAE) is the language used by the majority of the Australian population and its Government. According to the
Australian Bureau of Statistics; with a population of over 21.5 million people less than a quarter of them speak a language other than English in their
home and that quarter includes the speaking of about 145 Indigenous Australian languages; a number which has decreased from the 250 or so
Indigenous Australian

Using a language to communicate is one of the main forms...
Using a language to communicate is one of the main forms of connecting and conversing with other humans. Every human speaks a language and
every language is unique. Languages are so unique that the ways in which some of their words are sounded and pronounced vary compared to other
languages. However some of the words of one language may have been borrowed from the words of another language. As Bucholtz, M.(2000) states
"English will continue to shape the youth styles of other cultures" and "the process of cultural and linguistic borrowing moves in [two] directions...Asia
[is] already having a significant impact on American youth, who regularly encounter mediated forms of international youth culture in music, film, and
fashion " p 280–283. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The participants involved consists of two speakers that are Australian born and raised in Australia, with one of them being between the ages of 18–25
and the other over 65 years. The final two participants involves one of them being a non–native speaker of English between the ages of 18–70 and the
other a non–Australian native speaker of English aged between 18–70. The aim of the experiment is to find out about the differences in the variations
of speech of each of the 4 different participants. These included vocabulary choices such as youth slang, gender differences, phonetic differences such
as pronunciation and intonation and style differences such as Americanism in Australian English.
Analysis Speaker 1
(Australian born and raised 18–25 speaker of English)Speaker 2
(Australian born and raised 65+ Speaker of English)Speaker 3
(Non–native speaker of English) Speaker 4
(non–Australian native speaker of English)
Youth slangYesNoYesNo
Phonetic differenceThe 'er' at the end of most words was not pronounced but rather with a [a] Pronunciation The 'er' at the end of most words was not
pronounced but rather with a [a] PronunciationThere was a confusion between /b/ and /p/ in words for pronunciation.There was an emphasis on the
pronunciation of the 'r' at the end of words.
Vocabulary
Average range of vocabulary usedVery formal use of language. Low range of vocabulary

Jo Ricci Speech
We had a gest speaker, Jo Ricci who works in Academic Skills Unite. She presented us essential things when we study in Diploma of Nursing:
importance of listening, using of Bright space and paraphrasing. To begin with, importance of listening. In Diploma of Nursing, we study with students
whose first language is English, Therefore teachers do not talk clearly or slowly as all students can understand it. What Jo suggested us to improve
listening skills are extending vocabulary, especially Australian slangs or idioms. In order to extend these vocabulary, we need to talk with Australian as
well as reading news papers or journals. Furthermore, to understand lecture accurately, Jo explained about how to use Bright Space. Even though, we
do not understand

Typical Australian
The Australian Identity I am here today to discuss our Australian Identity. How do you imagine a typical Australian? Maybe you see a blonde
haired, blue eyed surfing babe? Or a bushman who drinks Bushels tea and four X beers while munching on some snags cooked on the BBQ? Or
perhaps you see someone like Steve Irwin, our iconic crocodile hunter. Or do you picture the movie "Crocodile Dundee?" Australians are stereotyped
and our typical Australian is usually imagined to be male. (Click) Russell Ward, well known author, portrays his view of the traditional Aussie as a
practical man who is rough, tough bushman that holds true friendship and loyal spirits. Today I will be analysing two poems and one play and
determining whether they are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reader is able to imagine the horses running wild and the Australian bushman chasing after them. (Click) Typical Australian language and slang is
used. Words and phrases such as "bushmen love hard riding where the wild bush horses are" and "And he swung his stockwhip round" help
communicate to the reader attitudes, values and beliefs of the true Australian spirit and mateship. Throughout the story, the mood is exciting and
fast–paced with tense anticipation, leading up to the exciting climatic victory. In this poem, women and children are marginalised. The bushman riders
are men and during those times the women and children stayed at home while the men worked during the day. "The Man from Snowy River" is a
ballad which reinforces the typical Australian Identity, as the rough and tough man who is willing to take risks and challenges. The hero in this poem
is brave, resourceful and thrill–seeking, displaying the qualities that Russell Ward describes as being part of the mythical Australian Identity. (Click)
The One Day of the Year is a celebrated Australian play written by Alan Seymour in 1960. The play recounts the story of the Cook family around
Anzac day. Alf, an aging digger, who served in WW1, celebrates Anzac Day with a few beers his and mate Wacka Dawson Hughie (Alf's son) is
attending university where he meets his girlfriend Jan. Hughie feels embarrassed and ashamed

Australian English and National Identity
What does Australian English look and sound like today, and how does it reflect our identity as a nation?
Language use in Australia constantly and rapidly changes to reflect the ever–evolving Australian national identity. It is being influenced by American
culture, through its pervasive media, and altered to create a unique identity that addresses the needs of the younger Australians. Technology, the loss
and gain of expressions, changing perception of taboo words and political correctness also attribute to the way that language has evolved to fabricate our
national identity. American culture is increasingly affecting the way Australians use language. The dominance and omnipresence of the US
entertainment industry, be it film, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many young Australians no longer use or are even familiar with many rich and expressive expressions of Australian culture that the older would
have regularly used. Idioms and expressions like 'beyond the black stump' and 'you've got Buckley's' have become unknown to many young
Australians. However, Australian expressions are not just on the decline in the youth population. New expressions are also being coined, though
many are much ruder, like 'as much chance as pushing shit uphill with a rubber fork' or 'face like a festered pickle' have also added character to
Australian English and accelerated linguistic evolution, particularly when used in preference to older expressions by the young. As Bruce Moore
says, "Australian English is central to the process of giving voice to our Australian identity: in important ways, we are what we speak, and we are how
we speak". This great transformation in the expression–use by the people of Australia will define our linguistic identity in the future and reflects clearly
our evolving national identity and who we choose to be.
The national identity of Australia has also developed strangely when dealing with taboo, especially with the younger Australians. Many youths no
longer find many profanities as rude or taboo as the older generations, in particular with words like "fuck", "shit" and "bloody" which used to be
packed with a certain punch. In fact, many of these words are actually used as interjections ("Shit! No way!"),

Language And Its Impact On Children Development
Originally we think of language as an object, one made of words, sentences and grammar, sounds, symbols and gestures that a society or community
creates to communicate with one another. However, reflecting on the above statement, language has deeper meaning and can show identity, expression
and cultural backgrounds within a person. It's an expression of who we are as people, communities and nations. Though there are multiple things that
impact the way in which we view, learn and express language as adults and children. These include the use of language in the social context it is being
used from speaking with different people from professionals to friends, the different types of English used from Australian English to Aboriginal
English, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As teachers is it pressingly important that they should have a strong knowledge and understanding of language and how to develop it for their
students as language needs to be developed for themselves but also the knowledge that it can be different for all. There are many variations of
language including the English language and Aboriginal English. Generally speaking, people might say English is one language and that's all this is
but this is incorrect. There are multiples in which creates the variation in one language from the way it is pronounced making the sound different to
how it can be used and in what context. There are words such as grouse used mostly in Melbourne as an Aussie slang for good or great that you don't
hear often in Perth or other Australian states. The dialect used in language can be varied but can be understood by many speakers. The most common
dialect is the one that is used by the most powerful people and dominant people in that society. This is what would be taught in schools, used in the
media and considered the correct English to be spoken and written. Some aboriginal societies that are very remote and have less of an influence from
Australian English speakers is still quite strong compared to those aboriginals living closer to more developed and structural civilizations. It is
believed that there were over 250 Aboriginal languages in which only about 90 are still spoken now. (NACLC Org, 2017). For aboriginal people their

Critique Of A Classroom Context
Classroom Context
This Learning By Design (LBD) plan has been written for a Year 5 Class consisting of twenty–seven (27) students, fourteen (14) boys and thirteen (13)
girls. The student body consists of several Year 5 prefects. Perfects are voted in students that take care of students in other younger grades and set
good examples for them. This class of students is based on student data in the learning area of English. The data places students into five (5) different
ability groups based on their English skills, knowledge and understandings. The focus of this assessment is structured on the learning area English
based on vocabulary, decoding/word attack, fluency, comprehension of fiction/non–fiction (or informational) texts and spelling. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The area of English is being taught in this assessment and will be viewed. The General Capabilities of Literacy, ICT Capability, Critical and Creative
Thinking, Personal and Social Capability, Ethical Understanding and Intercultural Understanding will involved assist me to decide where to start. And
past years before Year 5 standards, current Year 5 standards and Year 6 standards will also assist me in deciding what these students need to be
successful learners.
The students of this Year 5 Class have been placed in five groups numbered 1–5 based on learning data. Each group have been scored in English skills
of vocabulary, decoding/word attack, fluency, comprehension of fiction and non–fiction texts and spelling. Group 1 students, have good reading of
decoding/word attack and reading fluency and comprehension of fiction texts; and their vocabulary is fair. Group 2 students, has no fair or good
ratings of any of the English skills. Group 3 students, had good reading of decoding/word attack and reading fluency and fair spelling. Groups 4
students are fair in vocabulary, reading of decoding/word attack and spelling. Group 5 students, is good in all English skills, except comprehension of
informational texts is fair.
The above student prior knowledge and the student data will be the focal points of where I decide to start my planning of English unit of work. A
main focus will be on the poor student ratings in certain English

Summary Of A Different Drum By Simon Tong
Simon Tong's short story, ''The Beat of a Different Drum'' explores the journey of a young boy immigrating from Hong Kong to Australia with a lack of
knowledge of the Australian culture and tradition. Through the ambiguous understanding of his unwelcoming classmates, he is victimized to the extent
that he feels both violated and humiliated, emphasised by the fact that he is unable to express his feelings in English. These feelings result in him
becoming increasingly insecure and irritated as he has become confused and alienated. The rich vocabulary and literary techniques enabled Simon's
short story to become more relatable to the audience by exploring the common adolescent crisis of ''Being Different''.
During Simon's first playground experience, he was bombarded with the unexpected questions of students who seemed to want to befriend him.
Beginning with innocent questions, ''Are you from Japan?'' ... ''Are you from China?'', quickly revolved into immature and offensive questions such as,
''Ching–Chong Chinaman!'' ... ''Do you wipe your arse?''. Simon's agitation quickly became evident when he states that he, ''dodged, weaved and
parried'', the questions like a ''barrage of blows''. Tong uses boxing metaphors to compare the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simon's main difference to his peers is compounded by the fact that he was unable to speak English which restricts the chances of him interacting with
anyone. This is evident when he asked, ''If I couldn't express myself, then who was myself?'' The rhetorical question demonstrates that Simon lacks the
verbal knowledge to defend himself, which results into him feeling lonely and puzzled. Through the lack of knowledge of language skills, he gets
treated "like a little kid or baby'', the simile highlighting that Simon feels displeased when the students used simple words to mock and interact with
him as they are assuming he is stupid and

Books In The Outsiders
Over the last few years, more writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing. The Australian government are thinking of giving
them a hand by supporting them financially. More writers of fiction are living their lives along the poverty line, the Australian government should
definitely give them a hand as it encourages good literature. Many fictional books are now being used for educational purposes for schools in the
subject of English. Fiction books teach humans about how to live a good life in all sorts of forms. In this context, fictional books referred to the class
of literature comprising works of imaginative narration, especially in prose form.
It is essential that the Australian government should provide them with financial assistances because many fictional books are now being used
academically in school. Fictional books plays an important role in the subject of literature today in the school. Many schools have began to cover
reading as part of their course and according to www.kidsreadingchoices.org.au, statistics had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the contents in fiction books are made up of unrealistic informations and it is not factual , but writers has used their intelligent to create
books which can teach a lesson to the reader, making the reader feel more empathetic or training the reader to handle morally complex situations.
S.E.Hinton published a novel called " The Outsiders" , throughout the novel, it taught the readers about the different hierarchies in the society and
delivered a strong message of , " individuals should not be judged by their outward appearance through stereotyping instead , they should judged by
their inner appearance" . Hence, it is necessary that the government supports the writers financially in order to let everyone to be more mindful of their
life in the

Summary: Student Profile
Student Profile
In the context of Australian schools, learning and achievement are acquired and demonstrated through English. The curriculum is structured
specifically to a realm of learning and therefore, is best taught in the setting in which they are used (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting
Authority, 2012). It is a responsibility of all teachers to educate their students in the language and literacy demands of their subject area. Specific
support is necessary for students who have English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D) to build the language skills required to understand
subject–specific language structures and vocabulary. This student profile will discuss in detail the learning characteristics, strengths and... Show more
She may be at an advantage as many EAL/D students already speak one or more languages, and with this knowledge will already have the foundations
for which to build the development of English language.
Mya will require a targeted, systematic and instructional based learning approach to achieve in the curriculum, which can be achieved through an
inclusive and supportive classroom environment.
Strengths
Mya, as an EAL/D student, brings a range of cultural and linguistic resources to the mathematics classroom that when utilised effectively can build her
English proficiency and curriculum content knowledge. Furthermore, many EAL/D students have differing perspectives of mathematics strategies or
phenomena, for example a student with an alternate calculation approach can be invited to share their solutions with the class, engaging all students
and confirming the presence of multiple strategies.
This encourages students like Mya to share her perspectives, not only aiding in her mathematics proficiency but also engaging the class as a whole.
Inviting Mya to share her cultural specific experiences creates an inclusive space within the school environment, as well as providing opportunities of
intercultural understand for the entire class.

Balance Literacy And Numeracy Program
This resource is an externally available lesson plan from the Balance Literacy and Numeracy program. This program can be used in Year 2 as it
clearly explains how to teach the essential mode of literacy which covers reading. The lesson plan is designed so it can be used to explicitly teach
reading using different approaches like group discussion, modelling and role–play, in which the teacher requires the Year 2 students to participate
through discussion. Using group discussion, the teacher will be able to assess student through the observation checklist (Mead & Rubin, 1985) as it is
a great tool to assess students on their speaking and listening skills (O'Sullivan et al., 2006; Levy & Stockwell, 2006). As Shape of the Australian
Curriculum:

Why Do We Lose Australian Identity
In the Digital Age, people worldwide are more connected and information is more accessible. This has allowed wider sharing of cultures, and even
naissances of new ones. As a result, pre–existing cultures are influenced by other cultures, and a cultural shift takes places. The way people use
language makes a part of their culture, and hence a change in said culture will at least partially result in a linguistic change. Because of this, some argue
Australian English is losing its unique characteristics, and hence Australian identity is gradually affected. On one hand, it is evident that globalisation
has resulted in lessened use of stereotypically Australian utterances such as 'she'll be right', 'g'day', and 'mate'. However, a lessened use does not
necessary mean characteristics are lost. While we may not employ the Australian English lexicon in conversation, such characteristics may be preserved
by humorous or ironic usage. Further, an evolved lexicon does not necessary mean identities of Australians are affected. For one, Australian identity is
different to everyone. While it seems there is an 'ideal' Australian identity that holds a certain set of values, for the most part, identity and values are
different for every Australian. Nevertheless, even if there were such a thing as a collective Australian identity, it would be resistant to linguistic shifts.
While Australian English may be losing its unique characteristics, one's identity and values remain the same. If anything,

Essay On Australian Lexicon
Despite English being such a widely used language, no English is exactly the same. There are many varieties of English all over the world each
having its own syntactic, phonological, lexical, sociolinguistic and pragmatic rules. In this essay the variety of English that will be discussed and
analysed will be Australian English (AE). It will cover the lexicon of A E, looking specifically at slang and the origins and the types of slang. As well
as this, the essay, will look at the pragmatics of A E and the social interactions of Australians. Australians are widely known around the world for their
strange and sometimes hard to understand lexicon. The Australian lexicon is derived from many points in Australian history, from the original
Indigenous... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The three main forms of slang are abbreviations, comparisons and substitutions. Abbreviations are the most common and usually the easiest to
understand. Abbreviations are made by shortening a word usually adding a vowel to the end of the word. For example Mc Donald's is shortened
to Macca's, barbeque is shortened to barbie, and Australia can be shortened to Straya and Aussie. Some of these abbreviations are even adopted by
their company, such as Mc Donald's who now use Macca's in their advertisements. Comparisons are made in A E and are usually used to create an
odd or strange image of the event that is taking place. These comparisons usually don't make any sense to outsiders and foreigners, which in part of
why they are used. For example 'flat out like a lizard drinking' means when someone is very busy and is struggling to get things done, the comparison
of a lizard drinking is strange but can be a humorous contrast with a busy person. A substitution in Australian slang is made by changing the word at
the end of a phrase into something that rhymes. For example, 'have a captain cook' means to 'have a look' and 'dog and bone' means 'phone'. This form
of slang is even more confusing then comparisons to outsiders, although it is not used as much in modern

Classics Should Be Taught In Australia Essay
There is no hiding the fact, classics can be a challenge to read: however, does that mean we should just forget about them?. A modern teenager
wouldn't know one of the most iconic Australian songs "Waltzing Matilda". For those that do recognize the song would most likely only be able to
recite the chores, the remaining verses will be a endless monotone mumble of confusion. Furthermore, not all of Australia's classics are being lost as and
enhanced number of children recognize dreamtime stories rather than western culture as they are being taught in primary school. There are many
things that can distract students such as technology, technology has changed the world and it is reaching new limits as I write. The advancements of
technology does have negative effects on active students and their schooling life. Countless students would rather watch Tv than read, However this
doesn't mean reading is dying as their is an abundance of children that love reading novels. Nonetheless classics do not pose much of an intrest to
teenages as they would... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over all books are cherished by all ages and should be celebrated more throughout school as they can broaden one's vocabulary and imagination.
Classic are all around us however only so many of us can see them, this number is growing dinner dramatically year by year. Australian Classics.
When you hear these what comes to mind? The Man from Snowy River perhaps, Waltzing Matilda or even Myles Franklin? These names are getting
abandon generation by generation. This fact is very alarming, we as a nation have the option to bring the classics back into the curriculum or we could
just simply watch them get erased from our own culture. Bringing the classics back will help infuse the young minds of Australia with the importance
of the dying heritage that seems to be

To View Language As Though It Were An Object, Devoid Of
To view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction
within which language derives the full quality of its meanings. What is language? What makes the English language the most difficult to learn?
Language is presented as an object purely through itself, which in turn leads to a problem. The base on how to use language to communicate through
Lexis and Syntax, then each subheading of how to communicate through spelling, grammar, homophones, semantics which is what makes language an
object. However, the very word language takes on a whole new meaning and is open to the interpretation by anyone, this is possibly why language is a
hard thing to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Language is best seen as a five–pronged system made up of these things: Phonology – Sounds that are combined to make words; Lexis – Which are
words; Orthography – Spelling rules that standardise the way in which specific words are written; Syntax – Grammar – Rules that govern the order of
words to form sentences; Semantics – The meanings of individual words as well as phrases, clauses, sentences and texts (Gardner, 2017, slideshow
topic 1, slide 16). Without these five basic principles language would become an object not necessarily a physical one but a mental one to start with,
because if you can't group a sentence together in your head that makes sense then how can you communicate with one another. With that in mind,
having learnt these five basic principles we move onto the five functions of language: Personal – expressing feelings, concerns, thoughts, clarifying
ideas; Interpersonal – Salutations (which is an acknowledge meant of a greeting or saluting someone), discussing, social chat, sharing ideas, showing
concern; Directive – Influencing others actions e.g. like your boss giving you an order, persuasion, requesting information, warnings; Referential –
Reporting actions/events that have taken place, identifying objects, company things; Imaginative – Story telling, problem solving, discussing creative
things (Finocchiaro, Brumfit, 1994, pg. 65–66) (Gardner, 2017, slideshow topic

Australia Religion Essay
Australia ranks 7th overall and top in the Asia–Pacific region, and has identified tourism as one of four national investment priorities. With attractions
from the Great Barrier Reef to Kangaroo Island and the largest number of World Heritage natural sites, it ranks 2nd globally on natural resources. It is
also one of the top three destinations for leisure and entertainment, according to digital demand. Australia has made significant progress on visa
requirements (49th), including an expansion of the online visa application system and self–processing border entry facilities for U.S. and U.K.
e–passport holders. It remains strong in its openness of bilateral air service agreements (5th) and air transport infrastructure (4th), though it needs ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Religion: Obviously, religion is a strong cultural factor, but most important for search marketers is the way this divides different areas of countries.
The state of Bavaria in Germany is strongly catholic, for instance, whereas the rest of Germany is largely protestant. Nearby Austria follows Bavaria's
example. You could argue that Bavaria and Austria have more in common than the rest of Germany.
Australia the Australian population is predominantly Christian. In an optional question on the 2011 Census, 61.1% of the Australian population
declared some variety of Christianity. the percentage has been far higher and the religious landscape of Australia is changing and diversifying. Also in
2011, 22.3% of Australians stated "no religion" and the remaining population is a diverse group which includes Buddhists (2.5%), Muslims (2.2%),
Hindus (1.3%) and Jews (0.5%).
Malaysia
Malaysia is a multicultural and multi confessional country. As of the 2010 Population and Housing Census, 61.3 percent of the population practices
Islam; 19.8 percent Buddhism; 9.2 percent Christianity 6.3 percent Hinduism; and 1.3 percent traditional Chinese religions. The remainder is
accounted for by other faiths, including Animism, Folk religion, Sikhism and other belief systems. Numbers of self–described atheists in Malaysia are
few the state has come under criticism from human rights organizations for its discrimination against

Year 8 Economics Syllabus
Rationale: The following is a plan on two consecutive lessons in Year 8 Economics. The curriculum covers the 'participation and influences in the
market place', and the students will learn how resources are allocated through market exchange and the role of consumers, producers and the
government in a market economy (School Curriculum and Standards Authority [SCSA], n.d.). The primary goal of these two lessons is to explain why
well–defined private property rights and the enforcement of law by the government are key to market exchange. The first lesson uses the Indigenous
Australian's deprivation from wages in WA from late 19th century to 1970s as a case study to examine the importance of basic labour right protection.
The concept can then be generalized and applied to private property rights as the foundation of a market economy. The second lesson proceeds to
discuss the role of the government in a market economy. In addition to supplying public and under–produced goods as stated in the curriculum (SCSA,
n.d.), the government... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
120–123). Students will categorise the impacts of stolen wages into economic and social aspects through watching several interviews of Aboriginal
victims in WA, and reach a conclusion that market cannot function properly without clearly–defined private property rights. The second lesson applies
community–link (Yunkaporta and McGinty, 2009, as cited in Perso and Hayward, 2015, p. 123). Stolen wages is an appropriate case which teaches
students the responsibilities of the government and the rights of market participants, and many contemporary issues including the land rights and
hunting rights involve Indigenous Australians. The lesson will enable students to understand how the rights their countrymen as market participants
have to be protected. EAL/D

The Many Languages of Australia and New Zealand
As of 2013, there are many languages spoken both in Australia and New Zealand. Having a history dating as far as the 18th century, both countries
constitute the Austral realm. Within its many aspects, one of the most notorious is its language. Known by the humorous effect some of its sentences
and words provoke in people, the language of the Austral realm has helped shape the identity of Australia as well asNew Zealand and has become an
essential spectrum of their culture.
In spite of its variations and the reasons behind its current status, this research paper will be focusing upon the four main languages of the Austral
realm: English, New Zealand's and Australia's sign language, Australian Indigenous language and the Maori language in New Zealand. Each language
has impacted the Austral realm in its own way and will be viewed both individually and in comparison within the realm's two states. English's history,
what constitutes the signs in New Zealand's sign language, Australian accent... all of them are part of a culture both beautiful and unique and should,
therefore, be treated with the same care as one would treat any relic.
The Austral realm's languages are viewed by its people as more than only an idiom. Its evolution throughout decades of history has transformed both
Australia and New Zealand into a unique society, filled with a mixture of words and idioms such as "go for a burn" and "dog's breakfast," both of
which exemplifies some of the reasons of the worldwide

How Do Digital Media Affect The Classroom?
By picking language apart as if it were an object, simply looking at syntax, phonology, and semantics you understand only a small part of it, you do
not learn how it works when it is in people 's minds and mouths. In this essay I will firstly be explaining my understanding of the topic sentence, as
well as discussing how it is important for a teacher to understand language, both as an object, as its parts as well as language as a whole, in motion. I
will then be talking about how digital media in the classroom can provide a way to involve all children overcoming the differences in language they
may have, but that a teacher would have to keep in mind that not all children will have the same level of understanding and proficiency with ... Show
For example the word stand. Most English speaking people know what the word means, but if someone were to take a sentence with the word
stand in it and pick it apart would they discover what meaning is being used in that instance? Possibly, although it would be much easier and faster
to look at the sentence as a whole, the context, who is saying or writing it, and what is their body language (if available) like? A teacher talking to a
student in their classroom would likely say 'please stand up ', and everyone there would recognize that they meant stand in it 's literal, physical
meaning, while a controversial person in front of a crowd shouting 'stand up ' would thought to have meant stand up in what you believe in, stand up
in the metaphorical sense rather than literal, however if simply looking at the two sentences ( 'please stand up ' and 'stand up ') and focusing only on
the parts the true meanings become hard to discern. Therefore it is evident that while much can be learnt by picking a language apart and seeing how
all the parts work together much more can be understood by watching and listening to language in motion, through people speaking (in person or
recording), writing, and body language.
In any given classroom there will be children from

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Assignment One. “To View Language As Though It Were An