This powerpoint presentation includes description about Freud's psychoanalytical theory in brief

3. • Before the turn of 20th century, Psychoanalysis
has established as one of the fundamental
disciplines within psychiatry.
• Psychoanalysis is the bedrock of psychodynamic
understanding

4. • Psychoanalysis forms the fundamental
theoretical frame of reference for a variety of
forms of therapeutic intervention
• Embraces various forms of psychoanalytically
oriented psychotherapy & related forms of
therapy using psychodynamic concepts.

5.  Sigismund Schlomo Freud
Born on May 6th, 1856 in
Freiburg, Czech Republic.
 Specialized in Neurology.
 Began clinical work with
hysterical patients and it led
to develop psychoanalysis.

6. Theorist Prologue
First, who identified stages of
development
Known as “Father of Psychiatry”
 Considered first 5 years of a
child’s life to be the most
important
 Believed individual’s basic
character had been formed by the
age of 5.

7. The case of Anna O (real name Bertha
Pappenheim) marked a turning point in the career
of Sigmund Freud.

8.  “Studies in Hysteria” (1895)
 “The Interpretation of Dreams”
(1900)

9. Theory can be conceptualized according to:-
 Topography of mind
 Structure & dynamics of the personality
 Stages of personality
development

11. Categories:
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

12. • Includes all memories remain within an individual’s
awareness
• Easily remembered or retrieved events &
experiences
Conscious

14. • Includes – forgotten memories or not in present
awareness but with attention can be readily
recalled into consciousness
• Enhances awareness by helping to suppress
unpleasant or nonessential memories from
consciousness
• Thought to be partially under the control of
superego
Preconscious

16. • Includes memories, unable to bring to conscious
awareness
• Largest of the three topographical levels
• Consists of unpleasant or nonessential memories,
repressed memories
Unconscious

19. • Refers to a reservoir of unorganized instinctual
drives – “the Pleasure principle”
• Present at birth

20. • Endows with instinctual drives that seeks to
satisfied needs & achieve immediate
gratification
• Impulsive & irrational behaviors

21. • Also called “rational self” or the “reality principle”
• Begins to develop between the ages of 4 to 6
months

22. • Experiences the reality of the external world,
adapts to it, & responds to it
• 1˚ Function- Maintains harmony among the
external world, id & superego

23. • Ego spans all three topographical of conscious,
preconscious & unconscious
• Logical & abstract thinking & verbal expression
are associated with conscious and preconscious
functions of the ego

24. • Referred to as the “Perception principle”
• Develops between ages 3 to 6 years
• Internalizes the values & morals set forth by
primary caregivers

25. • Establishes & maintain moral conscience
• Serves as an agency for providing ongoing
scrutiny of a person’s behavior, thoughts &
feelings
• Important in socialization of the individual

26. • Makes comparisons with expected standards
of behavior & offers approval or disapproval
• When becomes rigid & punitive results in self-
esteem & low self-confidence arise.

27. • Psychic energy is the impetus required for mental
functioning
• Freud called this psychic energy - Libido
• Originating in the Id, fulfills basic psychological
needs

28. • As the child matures,
Psychic energy forms
id to
Ego
superego

29. • Psychic energy is distributed within these three
components
• Ego retains the largest share

30. Id Superego
Impulsive
Behavior
Idealistic
Behavior
Ego

31. Cathexis
Anti-
Cathexis

32. Process by which
Id invests energy into an object
An attempt to achieve gratification
Cathexis

33. Use of Psychic energy by Ego & Superego
Control of Id impulses
Cathexis
Anti-
Cathexis

34. Cathexis
Anti-
cathexis
Anti-
Cathexis
Cathexis

35.  Birth – 18 months
 Behavior is directed by id
Goal- Immediate gratification of needs through
structures in oral region
Add pics for air exchange, takes in nutrients,
contact with mother’s body
Oral Stage

36.  Infant learns to associate the satisfaction
 Focus of energy – Mouth
 Feels sense of attachment
 Unable to differentiate the self from person,
providing “the mothering”
Oral Stage

37.  These experiences are as foundation for
relations with objects & people
 Sense of security
 Ability to trust others
Oral Stage

38.  18months – 3 years
 Major tasks – Gaining independence & control,
with particular focus on the excretory function
 Toilet training
 Rigid & strict toilet training can lead to
stubbornness, stinginess, & miserliness
Anal Stage

39.  Far-reaching effects-
 Malevolence
 Cruelty to others
 Destructiveness
 Disorganization
 Untidiness
Anal Stage

40.  When it is Permissive & accepting -
 Feeling of importance
 Extroverted
 Productive
 Altruistic
Anal Stage

41.  3 – 6 Years
 Focus of energy shifts to genital area
 Development of Oedipus Complex or Electra
Complex
 Ego mediates between bodily needs, wishes,
thoughts, & reality
Phallic Stage

42.  Ego resolution gives rise to “the Superego”
 Moral teachings & values of the family & society
& ultimately becomes the “Conscience”
Phallic Stage

43.  6 – 12 Years
 Focus changes from ego-centrism to more
interest in group activities, learning &
socialization with peers
 Prefers same gender relationships
Latency Stage

44.  13 – 20 Years
 Sexual drive re-emerges
 Important task – Establishment of psychological
freedom from parents & family
 Focus – Relationships with members of the
opposite gender & preparations for selecting a
mate
Genital Stage

45.  Healthy development results from successful
integration of Id, Ego, & Superego in Sexual drive
 By the end of adolescence, transformation from
Pleasure-seeking infant into a socialized adult
Genital Stage

47.  Recognizing behaviors
associated with the Id, Ego
& Superego
 Assessment of
Developmental level
 Determining mal-adaptive
behaviors

48.  Planning care
 Help clients to accept
themselves as unique
individuals

49. Research Article
The unconscious and psychosis. Some
considerations on the psychoanalytic theory of
psychosis.
Author (Year)- De Masi F (2000)

50. • The author contends that the various
psychoanalytic theories and techniques
employ different models of the unconscious,
each relating to a different unconscious reality
describable in terms of specific mental
functions.

51. • He reviews in particular the Freudian dynamic
unconscious, based on repression.
• He is particularly concerned to show that,
whereas neurosis involves the dynamic
unconscious, psychosis alters the emotional
unconscious, the entity underlying the sense of
identity and the 'unaware' consciousness of
existence.

52. • After presenting two case histories, the author
draws attention to the need for further clinical
and theoretical research in this field.

53. Conclusion