3. 1G Poor voice quality
Poor battery life
Large phone size
Expencive
No security
Frequent call drops
Limited capacity
Poor handoff reliability.
1Go Refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile
telecommunications.
analog signals are used and introduced in the early 1980s.
Average rate between 4800 to 9600 bps
Based on FDMA.
1G
5. 2G
Launched in Finland in the year 1991
2g networks use digital signals.
Enabled services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS
Based on GSM or in other words global system for mobile communication .
Requires strong digital
signals
bandwidth and resources
digital signals would be weak do not support high data rates
connection oriented
technology
unable to handle complex
data such as video
6. 3G Technology
The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by allowing video,
audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch streaming
video or have video telephony
The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard .3G promises
increased bandwidth, up to 384 kbps when the device holder is walking, 128
kbps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications.
High bandwidth requirement High spectrum licensing fees
Huge capital requirement Poor video quality with glitch
7. Technologies Used in 4G
Smart Antenas for Multiple-input and multiple- output (MIMO)
IPv6
VoIP
OFDM
Software Defined Radio (SDR) System
8. Features of 4G
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and
other broadband services
Fully IP based mobile system
High speed, high capacity, and low cost‐per‐bit
Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service
Better scheduling and call‐admission‐control techniques
Ad‐hoc and multi‐hop networks
Better spectral efficiency
Interoperability with existing wireless standards•
10. Challenges
Integrating all the promised services is a challenge.
Challenges in migration to 4G.
High data-rate services and low per bit transmission cost.
Meet the demand of the diverse users.
Competition with the next forth coming 5G.
5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which
supports almost 65,000 connections.
5G technology would provide better use of available bandwidth.
11. Mapped: The surprising countries with the
best 4G coverage
Top 20 countries for 4G
availability
South Korea - 95.71%
(Source: OpenSignal)
Japan - 92.03%
Lithuania - 84.73%
Hong Kong - 84.52%
Netherlands - 84.1%
Singapore - 82.61%
Norway - 82.42%
Kuwait - 81.77%
Sweden - 81.37%
United States - 81.3%
Qatar - 81.29%
Hungary - 79.77%
Australia - 79.34%
Taiwan - 78.05%
Finland - 76.36%
UAE - 75.92%
Canada - 75.42%
Estonia - 75.11%
China - 73.83%
Bahrain - 73.82%
12.
13. Jio and 4G
Jio is ahead of all other operators by 32 percentage points. The data also
shows that the reach of Airtel, Vodafone and Idea all increased over the
period of the study, but the speeds of all three operators declined. According
to OpenSignal, "This is likely a result of the intense competition for 4G
customers since Jio's emergence." Airtel had the highest speeds when it came
to 3G and 4G LTE.
