Non Native Species Invasive Species

Non Native Species Invasive Species
Native species are those that usually live a particular community. An invasive species is a non native species that affects habitats and biodiversity.
Native species normally live in a certain place on the there hand invasive species can thrive any where and are long lived. Non native species aren't
always harmful but some can be harmful to the environment and to other species. An example of an invasive species would be the Asian carp. When an
Asian carp is introduced into a new environment they are known to cause harm and feed off of native species. There are 4 types of Asian carp amd
they each do the same amount of damage to the environment. Some Asian carp eat plankton which is food for native mussels and other fish but if the
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Discontinuous Species Criticisms
Nature is very much discontinuous, but natural selection acts in a continuous manner, so the hard part is finding out how nature is filled with these
discrete and discontinuous groups called species. The common criticism is that the inability to observe the formation of the new species means natural
selection is causing it, and the species never actually form, but as Coyne says, "...it's like saying that because we haven't seen a single star go
through its complete life cycle, stars don't evolve, or because we haven't see a new language arise, languages don't evolve" (183). Just because we
aren't seeing the new species form right away, it doesn't mean it isn't happening. As stated before, it can take a lot time for a new species to form. The
three–step process for speciation to occur includes: the initial step of geographical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some pre–zygotic isolating mechanisms include: temporal, ecological, behavioral, and mechanical. Temporal isolating mechanisms include the time at
which species mate during the year can affect the possibility of two species mating together. Ecological isolating mechanisms include the habitat in
which the species is living in. Behavioral isolating mechanisms include the mating behaviors of species and how they are able to find mate. An
example includes male birds having specific songs they sing to find females. Mechanical isolating mechanisms include the way in which a species will
mate, including the genitalia. Post–zygotic isolating mechanisms include: hybrid inviability, hybrid infertility, and hybrid breakdown. Hybrid
inviability happens when the hybrid is produced but cannot develop and eventually dies. Hybrid infertility occurs when the hybrid develops, but is
unable to reproduce because it is sterile. Hybrid breakdown occurs when the hybrids in the first generation are able to reproduce but the hybrids in the
second generation are unable to develop and

Species Boundaries
Within the study of evolution, the concept of a species and the mechanisms that create and maintain species boundaries are very important. In order to
understand the fossil record and how a species can split into two or more separate species, researches must first define what they consider a species to
be. There are two main competing theories about species, the biological species concept (BSC) and the ecological species concept (ESC). The
biological species concept states that gene flow is the key to keeping groups cohesive and isolated. A species is considered to be a group of
interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other groups of organisms. Therefore, members of each distinct group cannot mate
successfully with other groups. Gene flow is what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, some species remain the same with out gene flow between groups (Boyd and Silk 2000:97–99, Ridley 1993:393).
Natural selection acts as reinforcement to prevent dissimilar groups from producing hybrid species. Since hybrids are less fit, selection favors
behavioral and morphological adaptations that prevent mating between groups. Reinforcement acts to reduce gene flow between groups in order to
reduce the number of unfit offspring which reproductively isolates species to the point where they cannot interbreed at all. In the case of mules, who
are hybrids of horses and donkeys, they are not less capable of competition with other animals, but they are less fit because they are unable to
reproduce and get their genes into the next generation (Boyd and
Silk 2000:103, Ridley 1993:394).
In actuality, these two species concepts are not very distinct and neither is more valid or useful. Both theories can explain the mechanisms that cause
different species to arise and remain distinct. If populations are not being selected upon, then gene flow is the mechanism keeping them separate. If
selection is very strong, then it is probably the factor that is isolating

Fossils: The Evolution Of Human Species
Throughout time human species have evolved. It all started seven million years ago. Many different kinds of ancient humans have roamed Earth. The
first species were discovered in Africa and later in Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas. Paleoanthropologists, geologists, anatomists, and
paleoecologists determined when and where new species evolved by analyzing hominid fossils. They can also tell us how species lived and died,
which other species they are related to, what was the climate like, and the plants and animals people relied on. Analyzing fossils is a difficult task.
Fossils are the most important resources for scientists when it comes to researching about prehistoric life. Their information can educate society about
their past. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This variation comes from recombination, meaning DNA changes when chromosomes shuffle, or recombine. This normally occurs in the process of
making a sperm or an egg. As a result the child or offspring inherits a unique characteristics from each parent. This can also be a bad thing if the parent
has a medical condition, such as being color blind, which increases the chances of the child inheriting the same condition.
Mutation can also be a factor explaining why we look slightly different from each other. This can occur at anytime affecting your DNA. Some mutations
affect the visible feature of the individual, while others can create a resistance to a virus, such as HIV. Depending on the environment mutation can be a
good or bad thing. Humans received information by communicating with each other. Before they spoke to each other with words, they communicated
with gestures and "body language" in addition to simple sounds. Language probably started with individual words. Linking words into sentences
probably came next. Humans were believed to use music–like phrases similar to the way parents talk to babies before language was

Florida Panther Species
Introduction:
This lab report focus on the risk of extinction of the panther species of Florida due to habitat loss (urbanization), collisions road kill, intolerance and
poor genetic diversity have been confined to this animal to live in a small part of South Florida become one of the most endangered mammals on the
planet. About 160 cats remain in the wild. Therefore the objective of this report is to disseminate knowledge regarding theextinction of native species
by identifying the mortality, its causes, area of action, level of ecosystem and possible solutions to prevent their extinction
Analysis:
The existence of the Florida panther is threatened by extinction processes because their current habitat is simply too small and fragmented for ... Show
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Therefore, limiting their territory resulting in a conflict that raises the rate of mortality of the specie which is called intraspecific aggression. Another
factors affecting the density are the environmental changes on lands due to fragmentation and destruction of their natural habitats causes by humans in
our ambition to expand our needs (development of new cities, roads, houses, etc.) so that way we contribute to the extinction and limited growth of the
specie. In the other hand, density independent factors affecting panther's population are diseases, viral infections, and feline leukemia, so in order to
stop or reduce this mortality fatalities. Government agencies must take actions and intervene to ensure the panthers habitats without risking or damage
natural reservations which protect endangered animals. Panthers in its vast territorial expansion throughout the southeast have occupied the top of the
food chain, however, the decline of their species have caused other non–native predators animals have moved into the open niche. Carnivores like the
Coyotes currently compete for the same prey and occupy the same hunting grounds and reproduction sites marginalizing and limiting them to thrive.
Conclusion: As human beings, we are in the capacity to prevent and avoid the extinction of the Florida panther, in first place we should continue
increase protection on critical lands and habitat, so that way we can provide with a safe place to roam extending their range beyond the confines of
their current territory. Another thing cause's decrease in the population is due vehicular accidents, we should develop fences or underpasses so that
way we can prevent panthers getting hit by any

The Importance Of Invasive Species
In the case of a home invasion, people suggest to have a "safe room" where your whole family can hide in which there is a telephone to call the police.
Unfortunately, not all living creatures have access to things other than themselves to protect them.
An invasive species is defined as an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native. Whether it be
animals or even plants, they exist and will be here to stay if we don't do anything about it. What we should be doing is actually eating the invasive
species which are hard to manage because if we don't do anything about it now, there may be no stop to them. In addition to this, there are other reasons
that we should eat them such as the fact that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But honestly if you go around life thinking that everything's gonna fix itself somehow that's not good. Most of these invasive species are there in the
first place because of humans abandoning them in the wild.
Not only are these creatures harmful to the environment, their effects on the world take a toll on humans too. That's surprising. Lionfish are wiping
out several species in the US including cod and snapper which are served here in Japan too. Another source of food for humans would be gone.
Another example is the Wild boar which roam free in all parts of the US are destroying wetlands and and crop fields which caused an estimated $52
million in Texas alone every year.
So what can you do? Well, next time you go to a seafood restaurant, see if they have lionfish, apparently the lionfish nachos are good! Or maybe you
visit a French restaurant and try some Wild Boar which I have actually tried and guys, it's ribs. For all you vegetarians, don't worry, remember that
japanese knotweed I talked about? Guess what. It's literally bamboo. I guess what I'm trying to say in the end is that, "If you can't beat em', eat

Keystone Species
Some people underestimate the impacts on us and the world of one species. Of today 905 species have gone extinct and 332 have gone extinct
because of humans, making us responsible for over a third of all known extinctions. Furthermore there are 41,415 species endangered and there are
multiple reasons why we should be trying to protect them. As of today many have acted up to this problem, there are multiple organizations that protect
and conserve wild life and some on one species directly. As said earlier 41, 415 species are nearing or on the verge of existence, practically speaking
trying to save everyone one of them is impossible. We need to be able to put endangered keystone species as our highest priority rather than putting our
efforts into species with mainly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A keystone species is a plant or animal that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions. Without keystone species, the ecosystem
would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether– National Geographic. A keystone species absence can cause a huge domino effect as they
can affect feeding patterns and shelter. The sea otter is a good example of a keystone species. These mammals, found in the North West pacific, feed
on sea urchins, controlling their population. If the otters didn't eat the urchins, the urchins would eat up the kelp. Kelp, or giant seaweed, is a major
source of food and shelter for the ecosystem. Some species of crabs, snails, and geese depend on kelp for food. Many types of fish use the huge kelp
forests to hide from predators. Without sea otters to control the urchin population, the entire ecosystem would collapse. Sea otters are just one almost
any kind of species can be keystone species. Most plants extinction, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, can lead to the loss of up to 30
other insect, plant, and other animal species extinction. Overall keystone species have a huge impact on every

Keystone Species
Keystone species are species that have a big role in the ecosystem's structure and have an effect on other organisms within the ecosystem. Ecosystems
depend greatly on food chains, if a species is removed from that chain, the entire system will unbalance (www.dictionary.com, 2018). This species
could be any type of life form, but they all have a common effect on their environment that is always is always greater than expected. As the name itself
indicates, keystone species play a key role in their ecosystems (En.wikipedia.org, 2018). There are many types of keystone species mainly predators
because they regulate the population of their prey. For example, the elimination of tigers would lead to a great increase in the population of deer... Show
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Instead of putting all the tigers in a breeding facility or in a cage, some have been left in the wild in Bukit Tigapuluh. This ecosystem is the largest
remaining lowland forest in Sumatra. Camera traps have been set in their habitat to keep an eye on the tiger population. There have been 30 Sumatran
tigers recorded in the Bukit Tigapuluh forest

Charles Darwin's On The Origin Of Species
Darwin also proposed a group of organisms share common descent if they have a common ancestor. There is strong quantitative support for the theory
that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor.Charles Darwin proposed the theory of universal common descent through an
evolutionary process in On the Origin of Species, twice stating the hypothesis that there was only one ancestor for all life forms and ending with
"There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one". The theory asserts that
all currently living organisms on Earth share a common genetic heritage with each being the descendant from a single original species. His work shows
many

What Is Non Charismatic Species?
Charismatic animal species are those that are seen as more appealing to the general public. Although the term charismatic is widely used in
conservation literature there is little consensus of a definition of what makes species charismatic (Ducarme, Luque, & Courchamp 2013). Charismatic
species seems to consists mainly of large mammals (Megafauna) and vertebrate's examples include lions, tigers, turtles and primates to name a few
which all have attractive traits that are considered attractive to the human population such as intelligence, beauty, valour, singularity or a strong
symbolic presents. However, there is no sufficient consensus definition for such a widely used term, although it is widely accepted that these species
defined as charismatic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has resulted in conservationist choosing megafauna and vertebrate species that people find most aesthetically pleasing on the eye as the subject of
their studies as this has more chance of gaining the public support and funding for any given study. However, this is leading to the extinction of some
species where there is little information available or conservation effort made. The extinction of non–charismatic species could have a dramatic impact
on the charismatic species as biodiversity is an important factor for species survival. Conservationists need to develop effective ways to communicate
the importance of funding conservation efforts for ugly and unpopular species. This dissertation paper will therefore, try and bridge the gap in funding
and conservation action of non–charismatic species. This will be achieved by testing and using methods of effective use of advertising in zoos and with
the use of media in the communication conservation of these non–charismatic species for generations to

Endangered Species Of The Species
Endangered Species
More than 10 million species are yet to be discovered in the world, many of which are found in the deepest parts of the ocean, some, too small to see
without a microscope. Some of these species are endangered due to the rate at which their habitats are being destroyed, many of the discovered species
that are not endangered are to be endangered soon due to the previously stated reason. (Endangered Species International) Species in the world are
being endangered in more than one way including: habitat destruction, moving a species into a new habitat, and abusing the use of the species. The
species of the world are a great part of everyday life; they give humans the basic needs to survive and also provide other species with their needs to
survive.("Endangered Species") Species are endangered in many ways and there are many organizations working to make the world safe from extinction
.
Some people are confused about what an endangered animal is. As said by Environment Advisor, "endangered species are those considered to be at
risk of extinction, meaning that there are so few left of their kind that they could disappear from the planet altogether." ("Endangered Species") There
are many endangered species across the world that need the attention of people that are willing to help them from going extinct. Some people, however,
think that saving the endangered species is a waste of time. These people choose to believe in natural selection. Natural Selection

Keystone Species Research Paper
A keystone species is a species that has such a large impact on the ecosystem that without it other species couldn't survive. A famous example of how
keystone species affect the ecosystem can be the influence that wolves have on Yellowstone's biodiversity. Without wolves, the ecologic balance in
the park would be compromised: their absence would result in the overpopulation of elk, which causes a decrease of the vegetation to almost nothing.
Canis lupus, also known as gray wolf, is the largest member of its family: males weigh on average 43–45 kg and females 36–38.5kg. It lives in Eurasia
and North America and since it is a habitat generalist, it can be found in deserts, grasslands, forests, and arctic tundras. The color of his fur can vary...
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Then in 1883, new laws were introduced to protect certain species; however, wolves, bears, coyotes and other predators were not defended by those
laws. Since the summer of 1886, the control of predators was left to the park's administration and hunting of wildlife was prohibited. In 1914 the
first wolves got killed and by 1926 they were extirpated from the park. The first 14 wolves were reintroduced during January 1995, and other 17 had
been released in April 1996; these wolves were captured respectively from Jasper National Park and Canada. No more wolves have been imported into
Yellowstone after 1996, since biologists believed that the 31 present ones would have reproduced and prayed enough to maintain the biological

Invasive Species
AEC 3065: Invasive Species–Citrus Greening
Paragraph 1: The Issue
Invasive species devastate the agricultural community. Specifically, for the state of Florida, citrus greening has been destructive in the growing,
production, and harvesting of the citrus industry. On average, invasive species across our country costs the US $137 billion and Florida's agriculture
industry alone $200 million annually. The importance of this issue is the invasive species, Asian citrus psyllid, has no cure and it's been found in every
country in Florida that has citrus production. Once the invasive species injects the leaves with their toxin, you can't save the tree. This disease, which
has been in Florida since 2005, has tremendously affected the high level ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were multiple reliable videos we watched during this study that deemed this as accurate. The videos and notes provided financial statistics,
production statistics, and pictures of how the invasive species disrupts a large–part of the Florida agricultural industry. In 2016, the state of Florida's
citrus growers claimed about 80% of their trees were infected with the disease, taking a massive toll in citrus production that year. According to a
new ABC News report, citrus production has significantly decreased from 242 million boxes in 2004, to 2016, where the industry only produced 72
million boxes. I believe we saw a ton of loaded language within this case study through videos and the notes. There were a lot of words with strong
emotional implications that helped describe the severity of this issue and how important it is for our researchers to find a cure. We saw one product of
how to short–term fix this issue with the indoor growing facilities, but I would have liked to have seen another idea or two on how they're resolving
this issue. I also would have liked to seen which other products in this country are infected by the Asian citrus

Evolutionary Distance Between Species
I like how Fuggle started of this chapter, "...species judged to be closely related using other lines of evolutionary evidence should show more similarity
in their DNA and constructed molecules than species understood to be more distantly related.' ....the number or degree of differences in various
molecules among species should correlate with what has been previously proposed as the evolutionary distance between species." He starts of with a
scientifically proven hypothesis and then defends the hypothesis using some examples that show evidence of relation in evolution. Just like the chapters
12 and 13 supported evolutionary creation using fossils and cardiograms relations, this chapter also discusses how the molecular makeup of living things

Endangered Species
David Perez
Mrs.Ashley
English 3
September 20, 2017
Why should we protect endangered species.? Imagine a world without animals? Would it be a better world or a worst one? Every day as humans
evolve we hurt the planet. Humans have killed over 1000 species according to national geographic. The human race will eventually kill every single
species on earth including themselves if the humans don't change their ways of living by protecting species that are endangered. Endangered species
more important than we think, they have ecological value which is important because if they go extinct then the whole food chain would be a disaster
and would fall. Also protecting endangered species can help with biodiversity which we can benefit from. If endangered species aren't completely
wiped out then we can use them for more medical research.All species have an important role in this world,some can benefit from others even from
the simpletest things. Everyone and everything on this earth live a life for a certain purpose, Don't kill anymore endangered animals and help protect
them because in the end it will all be worth it. There is a game called Jenga and in the game if you get rid of a good piece that holds the tower then
the whole tower falls, this is the same with animals because if removing one animal or plant species from the ecosystem it will affect the life other
organisms that interact with it and then the the chain would change or would crumble down. According to Scientific

Interbreed Biological Species
The biological species concept is defined, as species that are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such
groups. Species of the similar classification can mate and reproduce with each other but not with distinctive species. Although there is species that look
relatively the same that does not define how species interbreed with each other. For example, an alligator and a crocodile look the same but are not
classified as the same species therefore they wouldn't be able to interbreed. Even though both of these reptiles are from the same group crocodilian and
coexist they still don't interbreed. The reason why is because these two reptiles have a different genetic make–up that wont let them reproduce.

The Importance Of Species Diversity
Introduction A key component of any ecosystem on Earth is the presence of plants. Within these plants, variation and diversity are abundant. Plants can
vary in many characteristics, such as leaf structure, height, bark structure, and diameter at breast height. The culmination of this variety among plants
is termed the biodiversity of plants, which encompasses three realms: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity
pertains to the variety of species in a specific ecosystem. Genetic diversity refers to variation in specific traits among individuals of the same
species. Finally, ecosystem diversity refers to the variation of ecosystems in a specific area. For purposes of this study, we will only focus on species
diversity. Studying species diversity of plants entails measuring the amount and size of different species in a given area. The importance of this type of
study stretches far beyond observation and results. Species diversity among plants in an ecosystem is vital to the sustainability of that ecosystem. An
ecosystem with greater species diversity uses its resources more efficiently, making it more productive. In addition, greaterplant diversity leads to
greater community biomass due to reduced nutrient loss and increased carbon reserves (Tilman and Lehman, 1997). Our study primarily focuses on the
species diversity of trees at the Case Western Reserve University farm. More specifically, the area of interest is the wooded area to

Disadvantages Of Species Diversity
2. Species diversity:–
Species are the most important unit of association in natural balance in terms of gladly assessable pasture entities as units of organismal evolution.
Species diversity refers to the different types of living organisms on the Earth. This includes the many types of birds, insects, plants, bacteria, fungi,
mammals and more. Many differing species often live to gather in communities depending on each other to provide their needs. The study of species
diversity is of necessity based primarily on comparative and correlative research. The spatial area required to classify ecological community for many
organisms of interest (eg. tree plants, birds and most mammals) is merely too large (and too difficult to define precisely) ... Show more content on
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This approach relies on the objectivity of the Phylogenetic species concept and applies in to the particularly of the morphological species concept, in
terms of shorting specimen in to groups. (Kottelat, 1997) consequently, estimates of species diversity are used more often as the typical measure of
overall biodiversity of that area in particular. However, in practice it can be very difficult to quantify the practical interactions flanked by the species
within a population. Community diversity is also useful to measure the genetic diversity and species richness also help to measure the diversity and its
conservation.
Biodiversity at its most basic level includes the full range of species on earth from micro– organisms such as viruses, bacteria through the multi cellular
kingdom of plants, animals and fungi. Thus, it refers to the variety of species within a region. It measured on the basis of number of species in the
region. Species' richness varies geographically. Out of an estimation 30 million species on earth, only one–sixth has been identified and authenticated in
the past 200 years. Only 250,000 species of the total stock are

Keystone species
Biodiversity loss is becoming more and more popular in urban populated areas because of land use, pollution and other man made environmental
problems, our environment is stable to support all types of life. but over the past years of us damaging the land along with soil degradation is having
major environmental issues with habitat loss, these animals that were meant to survive in that type of ecosystem is either dying out or is forced to find
a new habitat that's sometime isn't suited for them. The Keystone species is a species that may be small or large either way it has an effect on its
environment this organism plays a role in its ecosystem and as the name implies Keystone species

Many Species of the Mammoth
There were many different species of the Mammoth. Examples include Mammuthus meridonalis (Southern Mammoth), Mammuthus primigenius
(Woolly Mammoth), etc. (Brooks, 2008). Mammoths are best described as bigger, modern–day elephants covered in a thick coat of fur and are
symbolic of the ice age. This is due to their large size, their vast population of the North and South Pole, and their ability to adapt to extremely cold
temperatures (Douglas, 2013). Some ways these mammals managed to survive in their environments were that their coats consisted of long, dark guard
hairs and fine under wool allowing them to stay warm; the thick insulating layer of fat that was found underneath their coats and that their cheek teeth
were large and made up of compressed enamel plates that were great for grinding up the tough dry grasses that they fed on. It is estimated that the
earliest an elephant–like animal lived was 58 million years ago. Mammoths first lived in Europe and Asia about 2.5 million years ago and entered
North America about 1.7 to 1.2 million years ago (Brooks, 2008). The last living Mammoth is approximated to be as recent as 3700 years ago.
However, due to the rapidly changing environment and the increased human predation of these species, there was a significant drop off in the
population of Mammoths 11,000 years ago (Douglas, 2013). Research on some of the social aspects of Mammoths showed that they often travelled in
herds, where the adult Mammoths were very protective of

The Biological Species Of Maggot Flies
1.
The species concept that should be primarily used in this case is the biological species concept. Considering the fact that the two different races of
maggot flies have the capabilities and ultimately the potential to interbreed with one another to produce a fertile offspring, but can't effectively
interbreed with other species leads me to come to this conclusion.
2.
Hawthorn maggot flies and apple maggot flies are not distinct as a species. The two races differ genetically and are physically indistinguishable.
There is no geographical isolation or physical separation between adult maggot flies as a whole. Hawthorn and apple flies are assigned to the same
taxonomic species. Apple maggot flies desire to mate and lay their eggs in apples,

Ring Species Evolution
Many geneticists believe that all current life stems from one common ancestor in a tree of life fashion. Over millions of years, this process of
speciation has created numerous kinds of creatures, many of which we are still discovering today. For instance, a rare phenomenon, occuring only in
particular environments, was dubbed as a "ring species" by scientists Ernst Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky and may help to create this great
biodiversity (Pereira & Wake, 2015). When a species becomes separated and can no longer interbreed, the gene flow between these two populations
discontinue, which leads to the development of two entirely different species (Martins & de Aguiar, 2017). Researchers have documented this
extraordinary event, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. Martins, M. A. M. de Aguiar, and Y. Bar
–Yam created a simulation to compare calculated information to the actual evidence found from different
greenish warbler forms. They discovered that, while ring species may be volatile, they can occur for long lengths of time and often match computed
data from their model. Furthermore, they also questioned how each factor influenced the growth and strength of a ring species. They determined that
many elements, particularly the range of species' area, species dependent traits, and geographical features, affect the overall stability and efficiency of
speciation (Martins, de Aguiar, and Bar–Yam, 2013). Multiple components having a significant impact on ring species explains the unstable nature of
these scenarios and their rarity. Nonetheless, studying these less–than–ideal examples proves that speciation can transpire without the adherence to
strict conditions and also might insist that the definition of a ring species be broadened to encompany more similar

Surviving Species Environments
When you think of survival of the fittest, you may be wrong. If you think about it as more of survival of the best adapted to a species environment.
Now this can be used with a few following examples; a species will not be able to survive if it is the strongest of its kind if the area it lives in is
cold. The specimen with the warm fur coat will outlast the physically strong. Now this can work the other way as well the specimen with the fur coat
may not be able to defend its self from the predators if it is not the most physically fit specimen. The end result if the species does not adapt to the new
surroundings it will eventually die out and become extinct, leaving the one specimen who has now passed on the fur coat to survive in the cold

A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem. Without a keystone species, the ecosystem will either cease to exist or
dramatically change. If a keystone species were to disappear from the ecosystem, no other species would be able to fill its ecological niche. This means
that keystone species have low functional redundancy. This forces an ecosystem to radically change. This may allow new invasive species to
populate the habitat. Keystone species can range from plants to fungi. They are usually not the most abundant species in the ecosystem. The way
these animals impact the food web varies from habitat to habitat. Keystone species are usually a predator. An example of a keystone species is the
gray wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Elk, bison, rabbit, and bird population at GYE are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The "armor" consist of embedded bony plates called osteoderms. Their front legs have 5 toes, while the back legs have 4 toes. Alligators have a
long, rounded snout which has an upward facing nostril. This is so they can breathe while the rest of their body is underwater. Adults have dark
stripes on their tail. Male alligators, larger than female alligators, can grow up to 11.2 feet. Female alligators can grow up to 8.2 feet. The American
alligators can be found in the US from North Carolina to Texas. They usually hang around in freshwater areas. Alligators being carnivorous, have
strong jaws that can even crack a turtle shell. They eat fish, snails, birds, frogs, and mammals that come near the edge of the water. Even though
alligators do not hibernate, they go through a period of dormancy when the weather turns cold. A depression called a gator hole is excavated along a
waterway, this provides protection during extreme weather. In areas where the water level fluctuates, they dig out long tunnels into the mud which fills
up with water. American alligators live about 50 years in the

I think that the changes will affect all of the plants and animals in an ecosystem.
In this essay I will be talking about how it affects keystone species which is (a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such
that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically)also how biodiversity plays a role in changing the ecosystem.also how there could be
symbiotic relationships and trophic cascades also predator prey relationships that could also affect plants and animals in a ecosystem. Humans can
change the ecosystem and the living and nonliving things in the ecosystem.
However we watched some videos that will help us understand more about the changes in the ecosystem. Also Humans can change the ecosystem

Invasive Species Invasive Species
An organism that is non–native to an ecosystem can be defined as an "invasive" species. Animals, plants, and fungi can all be considered invasive,
exotic, or alien species if they are not originally from that habitat. "These intruders alter the pathways of native organisms by competitive exclusion,
niche displacement, hybridization, introgression predation, and in severe cases extinction" (Mooney 2001). Invasive species can severely and adversely
affect populations of native species. Foreign organisms can be studied around the globe and dedicated ecologists have the responsibility of studying
how these non–native species are impacting ecosystems. There are many ways that a species may become introduced into a new ecosystem. Human
activity has long played a role in the translocation of many types of plants and animals. Throughout time humans have transported species across
land, sea, and sky for recreational purposes, medicinal purposes, and aesthetic purposes. Though the human species is largely responsible for species
translocation, we are not the only cause. Abiotic forces like the wind and sea play a large role in transporting various organisms and seeds to new and
far lands. Not all introduced species are bad and some have proven to be quite beneficial to new ecosystems. Though there are beneficial introduced
species, more tend to hurt existing ecosystems rather than help it. "When introduced species exploit a specific species trait or fill a vacant niche in an

Keystone Species Essay
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its population's size. There are three main types of
keystone species, the predator species who feed on other animals which helps balance out the ecosystem The Mutualists who have mutually beneficial
interactions with other organisms and lastly the engineer species that will burrow into ground which can be used as shelter for another animal.
Without these important species several ecosystems would collapse. While all species are important to an ecosystem, the keystone species are a lot
more important due to their crucial roles, such as being top predators, controllers of prey, or conduits for spreading seeds. The keystone species that I ...
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Since a study taken in 1995 it has lost over 60% of their entire population. A recent estimate credited the Tasmanian devils to have nearly 25,000–
50,000 living and healthy animals (Bohn, 2014). The main reason the animals have become an endangered species at such an accelerated rate
recently compared to previous years is because of a disease called Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). The DTFD is a cancer/tumor which is found
in the mouth of the devil, which over time will develop into large tumors that eventually breakdown the bodily functions leaving the devil to die of
starvation. A possible solution to help save the Tasmanian devils from extinction could be to take majority of the healthy Devils and keep them in a
safe and controlled habitat to ensure that there is no possible way for them to catch the disease. Sick devils could be isolated in and I would get
scientists with proper funding to learn the causes and experiment to find a cure, then slowly start releasing the rehabilitated devils back into their
environment. An organization called "Devil Ark" has already somewhat started to help save the Tassie Devils by taking control of 52% of the
mainland population, the organization aims to repopulate the Devils, then when the disease has passed they will eventually be released. "We at Devil
Ark believe the recovery of the devil is a national responsibility" said Mr. Faulkner (Sanda,

Invasive Species
There are invaders coming to homes all over America. They are causing damage to entire ecosystems and they can spread to new areas very rapidly
if the issue is not dealt with now. These invaders that are destroying our native plants and ecosystems are known as invasive species. Invasive plant
species are a problem all over the United States and many people fail to realize it. These invaders can cause huge amounts of damage to native
environments. More people need to be made aware of the problem that is happening with these species. Education is the best way to get people to
realize the problem at hand and get involved in helping reduce the spread and prevent further damage from being done. According to the United States
National Arboretum, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Garlic mustard was introduced into New Jersey in 1886 as a common garden plant. It is called this because of its distinct garlic smell. Many people
would use garlic mustard in their salad to give it a tangy taste. Eventually, the seeds spread and caused problems in other environments where it was
introduced such as New England. Garlic mustard is still a problem in New England today. Garlic mustard is not a problem because it destroys the
native plants, but much like many invasive plants, it deprives the native plant species of the needed light and space they need to grow. (Invasive Plant
Atlas of New

Lionfish: Aquatic Marine Species
Pterois volitans and Pterois miles, more commonly known as lionfish, are aquatic marine species native to the Indo–Pacific region (Carberry, 2014;
Cote, Green, & Hixon, 2013; Hackerott et al., 2013; Kulbicki et al., 2012; Morell, 2010). Introduced to Florida in 1985, lionfish soon spread as an
invasive species throughout the southeastern coasts of the United States and the Caribbean (Albins, 2015; Arias–Gonzalez, Gonzalez–Gandara,
Cabrera, & Christensen, 2011; Bejarano, Lohr, Hamilton, & Manfrino, 2015; Carberry, 2014; Cote et al., 2013; S. Green, 2014; S. J. Green, Akins,
Maljkovic, & Cote, 2012; Jud, Nichols, & Layman, 2015; Morell, 2010; Raymond, Albins, & Pusack, 2015; Ruiz–Carus, Matheson, Roberts, &
Whitfield, 2006). Lionfish populations have grown exponentially in these coral reef ecosystems (Albins & Hixon, 2013; Arias–Gonzalez et al., 2011;
Bayraktarov, Alarcon–Moscoso, Polanco, & Wild, 2014; Cote et al., 2013; Edwards, Frazer, & Jacoby, 2014; S. J.... Show more content on
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This information is incredibly alarming as lionfish are a generalist species, consume a great variety of prey, lack predators and disease in their
invaded range, as well as possess venomous spines (Albins, 2015; Albins & Hixon, 2013; Bayraktarov et al., 2014; Bejarano et al., 2015; Carberry,
2014; Cote et al., 2013; Cure, McIlwain, & Hixon, 2014; Edwards et al., 2014; S. Green, 2014; Jud et al., 2015; Valdivia, Bruno, Cox, Hackerott, &
Green, 2014). These factors strongly suggest lionfish have the potential to degrade coral reef habitat and water quality, decrease biodiversity, deplete
economically important fish stocks, and decrease tourism (Albins & Hixon, 2013; Cure et al., 2014; Morell, 2010; Ruiz–Carus et al., 2006; Valdivia et
al.,

Essay On Amphibian Species
Britain is home to seven native amphibian species. Three newt species: great crested newt (Triturus cristatus), smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris),
palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus), two frog species: common frog (Rana temporaria), northern pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) and two toad
species: common toad (Bufo bufo) and natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita). The northern pool frog is only found at reintroduction sites in England
whilst the others are found in England, Scotland and Wales (Baker, et al. 2011).
All of the UK amphibian species are globally listed as least concern on the IUCN red list but have seen declines within the country (Buckley &
Beebee, 2004). Of the species in the UK, the natterjack toad, common toad, and great ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As well as habitat loss, UK amphibian species suffer from disease and invasive species. Chytrid has been documented in all seven UK species
however the impact of this pathogen is currently not understood (Cunningham & Minting, 2008). The Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) and
marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) are considered to be of medium concern whilst the alpine newt (Icthyosaura alpestris) is considered to be of high
concern, all due to the risk of competition, hybridization and disease, especially chytrid in alpine newts (Fisher & Garner, 2011).
In the UK there are three amphibian species listed as European Protected Species under schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species
Regulations (2010); the great crested newt, the natterjack toad and the northern pool frog. Under these regulations it is an offence to: kill, disturb,
capture, possess, injure of trade individuals (at any life stage), or to damage or destroy the places they use for breeding (JNCC, 2010).
Great crested newts are also covered by Annex II of the Habitats directive. This gives member states of the European Union the ability to designate
suitable habitat as Special Areas of Concern (SAC). Under this same act, member states also have the ability to designate sites as Sites of Special
Scientific Interest (SSSI), these tend to be habitats with either exceptional numbers of great crested newts or a large variety of more prevalent species

Endangered Species Of The Species
Endangered Species
By: Breanna Blansette
Do you know how many endangered species there are in this world today? There are many things that people can do to help save endangered species
from becoming extinct. "Mining companies, oil companies, and large–scale agricultural operations all threaten vulnerable species to a certain degree,
by nature of their extractive activities, and development of previously untouched areas of land."(Whittaker). Many different species are becoming
endangered because of the things that are going on around them, their habitats are being destroyed so they don 't have anywhere to go to be safe
There are many different species of animals that are becoming endangered or extinct, some of which are the Sage Grouse. "At least 200 protests have
been filed against the federal plans to help try and save the endangered species of Sage Grouse, from every direction. The Western Energy Alliance
says oil and gas development is unduly restricted." (Peterson) Some states complain that they people have way too much say in trying to decide what
happens to these birds and others think they don't have a good enough opinion. I think people should be able to state their ideas and thoughts but I
don't think they should be able to decide what gets to happen to that species of animal.
Why are Sage Grouse so important to the world's ecosystem today? "This sensitivity makes greater sage grouse a strong indicator of ecosystem health:
If they 're not thriving across the vast

Invasive Species Ecosystems
I. Issue Invasive species are a threat. They destroy ecosystems in a matter of months. They drive out the native species. They even have an enormous
effect on our economies. These "aliens" can be found nearly everywhere, both on land and sea. They are mainly introduced by human means. Invasive
species are mostly introduced into an ecosystem as a quick solution for ecological issues, but can also be unintentionally introduced.
The main issue is the carp invasion in the Mississippi River. The carp are spreading rapidly northward the Great Lakes. If not dealt with promptly, the
carp can and will destroy the Great Lakes ecosystem and Michigan's $7 billion fishing industry.
Silver and Asian carp are the main threat. They were first introduced... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Illinois is where the dam would be built if approved, but Illinois state legislature is refusing to build the dam. Their concern is the alteration of the
water flow and access to the river. They feel that the dam would decrease overall revenue in Illinois and surrounding states and that the flow of water
would be altered, resulting in damage to surrounding ecosystems and economies. Michigan and Minnesota state governments have been pressuring
Illinois to build the dam in hopes of halting the spread of the carp. Kim Fleming also stated that, "When looking at these types of issues, it always
comes down to money... When you're a governor or you're a state representative... you are looking at [the ecological] issues in part, but the main thing
is money. If you change... access to water, you start to change a lot. [There] are things like industry that depend on that water, or shipping. When you
start to block stuff off... you start to affect the midwestern states' access to that water." (Fleming

Invasive Species Threatens The Ecosystem
Invasive Species Threatens the Ecosystem Every life form all over the world depends on the ecosystem for its survival. However, the ecosystem can
be threatened when there is an excess or drop in resources. Many people will argue that human beings are the primary cause of this economic
imbalance but are people the root of this problem? No. There is evidence that invasive species all over the country has also threatened our ecosystem.
Invasive species are any living organism such a plants, fungus, insects, and fish just to name a few. Invasive species pose a threat to wildlife in many
ways. ("National Wildlife Federation," 2009) states species brought into an atmosphere that doesn't have any predators are considered dangerous. They
often breed and spread rapidly, assuming control over a region. Local untamed life has no advanced safeguards against the trespasser, and they stand
no chance against species that has no predators (p.2). Furthermore, these species invade areas that they aren't indigenous to and reproduce quickly. To
further understand the underlying crux of invasive species and how this matter may come to fruition, I will provide an analogy of an article that
addresses this problem, by summarizing and identifying the negative impact invasive species have on the ecosystem. Today, some may say that human
beings are the reason invasive species prevail. According to Bright (1999), Obtrusive species are being transported through the worldwide

Identifying Invasive Species
The ability of biology students and biologists in general to identify species in the wild is important, and especially crucial concerning the specific
organisms that they research. It is essential to the success of biological research that biologists they can correctly identify the organisms which they are
studying. Improper identification of species in the wild by a biologist could result in incorrect data, misuse of public funds, or a misunderstanding of the
trophic structure of an ecosystem, potentially derailing conservation efforts. Biologists are at the core of biological conservation efforts, and having
well–trained researchers is imperative. Respected biologists are immensely knowledgeable about their subject matter, including species ... Show more
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To begin with, personal safety is an important reason for species identification. People should be able to identify species in their environment that could
be potentially harmful, such as poison ivy or a venomous snake species. Additionally, citizens that are able to identify certain invasive species that
threaten the local ecosystem could be hugely beneficial to conservation. Informed citizens could be help in the effort to slow or prevent the spread of
invasive species, potentially reducing the severity of ecosystem degradation that alien invaders can inflict. Oppositely, uninformed citizens that have
little understanding of the surrounding ecosystem and its species can unintentionally cause enormous problems in their environments. Introduced,
invasive, and threatened species all have unique relationships with their respective environments, and the average citizen may not understand that the
consequences of their actions could greatly disrupt ecosystem structure. Beyond species identification, the success of conservation relies on people's
perception of nature. Educating people about species and their habitats would improve public understanding and appreciation of ecosystem importance
and function. A community that is engaged with the natural world is more likely to support conservation programs and agree that thenatural
environment is worth studying and protecting. Furthermore, instilling

Australian Species Informative Essay
Informative Essay #2 – Australian Species
By: Shadoe Lass
Charles Darwin stated that life was a game of survival of the fittest and species are constantly evolving. A clear example of this phenomenon is the
ecologically secluded continent of Australia. Australia is home to many bizarrespecies, both native and introduced, that are found nowhere else on
Earth. The question arises that, in the one–of–a–kind environment they live in, how did they come to be fit as species to survive and thrive. These
native and introduced species have adapted to life through a series of biological adaptations as well as infiltration of the Australian food web. The first
line of adaptation to life in Australia is biological adaptations of diet and lifestyle. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus far, the advantages and adaptations discussed have been primarily of native Australian species. However, a specific advantage evident in
non–native species is the way they insert themselves into the food web. Introduced species disrupt the balance of the food web in a variety of
ways. One way is direct competition, directly increasing the pressure on other native species by competing for the same food supply. This is when
survival of the fittest really comes into play. Survival of the fittest does limit both competing species, albeit there are times when the sheer
population overwhelms that evolutionary mechanism. "...So many rabbits loose in Australia that even though about two million were shot or
trapped each year, it didn't make a dent in their population. Over time, the rabbits have caused untold damage..." (Semmler, para. 2). Rabbits took
over their ecosystem and managed to stay put as part of the food web because of the size of their population. Introduced species can also wreak
havoc by being defensive predators themselves. They can bring toxins and poisons into the ecosystem that their prey and predators alike can't combat.
"The [cane] toads are toxic, and native predators have no immunity to the poison," (Semmler, para. 5). This makes them a keystone species (a species
that has an impact with a size that doesn't correlate to its population size). They affect large amounts of the ecosystem and food web, even while not
having as large a population as other species that are

Invasive Species
In 1996, the Asian Longhorn Beetle made its way into the New York and New Jersey creating the decimation of the forests. The Asian Longhorn
Beetle has so far caused the cutting of over 10,000 trees in New Jersey, and quarantine of 109 miles in New York today . The spread of this foreign
beetle has created great impacts on the environment. The Asian Longhorn Beetle is an invasive specie, a harmful specie from another locations, mainly
other countries, that has ended up in a foreign habitat. As time has progressed, invasive species have continued to come into our environment more
frequently creating many unforeseen consequences. The relationship of invasive species within the United States' environment and ecosystem has been
changing ever ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before the crisis of invasive species destroying the environment, it was normal for people to dump invasive species into lakes, streams, and rivers, but
in today's society, releasing and bringing invasive species into the environment has come to a near existent halt.
When the Welland Canal was built in 1829, it created more connecting routes between theGreat Lakes. In addition, it allowed larger boats to make
their way upstream into the lakes when previously, only smaller, local boats were able to travel in the small rivers and streams. Allowing the larger
boat meant that it would speed up the process of invasive species being brought into the great lakes. On top of that, this was greatly increased by the
lack of cleaning of the canals which allowed many boats to get from one lake to the next without being hosed down allowing species to survive and
flourish. One of these many species was well–known aquatic weed called Curly Pondweed. It was brought into the Great Lakes in 1879 and quickly
spread, growing until it was so overabundant that the sunlight was blocked from entering the water. The lack of sunlight caused many fish and other
aquatic organisms to die due to the lack of oxygen. This lack of oxygen created a vacuum that destroyed the majority of the organisms in the lake only
allowing the few that were able to survive with very little oxygen. The Curly Pondweed was one of the organisms that destroyed the Great

Endangered Species
Many species vital to ensuring that today's environment will thrive are becoming extinct. If a species is slowly dwindling, and in imminent danger of
becoming nonexistent, this species is considered to be endangered. "One in four mammals, one in eight birds, one third of all amphibians and 70% of
the world's assessed plants on the... IUCN Red List are in jeopardy" (IUCN, 2016). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, or
IUCN, upwards of 16,000 species are threatened with extinction, including both plants and animals (IUCN, 2016). Before becoming endangered, a
species will show warning signs, either by starting to lose biological diversity or by losing the habitats for that species to flourish in, or in the worst
case, both. The word endangered can sometimes be confused with threatened, extirpated, or extinct. Extirpated refers to the state of a species where
its population has died out in a certain area or range, but other populations of said species still exist elsewhere (Olden, Julian D., 2008). When a
species is considered threatened, or vulnerable, this refers to the state of the species being susceptible to endangerment and extinction ("Extinction
crisis escalates"). So if a species is threatened, the first signs of endangerment come along, which are similar signs to that of a species in danger of
becoming threatened, including lack of genetic diversity, or overhunting may be evident. ("Extinction crisis escalates"). When a species is labelled

Animal Species Research Paper
The advancement of human civilization and technology is a wonder and has been compounding at an exponential rate. We have been able to convert
raw materials from the Earth to make our lives better with cars, computers, houses, etc. However the more our civilization evolves and humans occupy
the Earth, the more animal species have been disappearing. The way we live affects animal species more than one may think. We affect them when we
do things that change the climate, irresponsibly dispose of waste, and steal their habitats and homes. The Earth has already lost half of its wildlife in
the last one hundred years and there is much more predicted to be lost in just the next 10 years. There is much to more to lose when these species goes
extinct. Their existences is important to the ecosystems they may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, we have 'Indirect attention' where our fascination causes us to concentrate without as much effort, which allows for our brain to
be restored so we can come back to that direct attention (Curtin 2009). This theory could be related to the reason why when people are trying to get
away from the stresses of daily life, travel to different places where wildlife is and are willing to spend so much time and money just to do so.
Ecotourism is a good solution to fulfill our desire to be with nature and animals, it also helps support conservational efforts by allowing humans to learn
more about the animals and funding the costs that come with conservation. In a study conducted by Curtin, it was revealed that psychological benefits
can arise from wildlife tourism. Analyses of the interviews conducted in Curtin's study found out what psychological benefits can come from watching
wildlife and the answers they got were "wonderment and awe beyond articulation, time to stand and

Although the resources available for maintaining healthy ecosystems are limited, it is very important to focus conservation efforts on keystone species.
These species significantly shape their ecosystem through helping keep all parts of the ecosystem in balance, affecting the population levels of other
species, and are crucial for their role in stabilizing their ecosystems. When a keystone species disappears from an ecosystem, species in the lower
trophies levels of the ecosystem may become overly abundant as the main predator doesn't keep their numbers "in check" or species from the higher
trophic levels suffer as their favourite prey disappears. However, the importance of conserving these species changes when other species are
endangered. This is because endangered species are at risk of extinction and like keystones their role in their ecosystems need to be fulfilled. If they
reach extinction, their species will be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beavers build dams in water to protect themselves and through flooding the land they create ponds where other food sources such as water lilies grow,
and beavers can more easily evade predators. Through their actions that hurt farmers and turbines, they are improving their ecosystem and completing
their role as keystone animals. Some provinces have enacted bounties to control beaver populations which is unfair as the beavers are contributing to
the environment in a positive way while causing the economy money. If humans kill off beavers their ecosystem will experience major declines, as
well as ours. Farmers do suffer greatly as a result of the beavers, but because of them we get ponds and environments for succulent vegetation. Without
them the soil would not be fertile enough for farming. Also, humans need hydroelectric turbines,

Non Native Species Invasive Species

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