4. Section 1.
• The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority
emanates fromthem.
5. A republican government is a democratic
government by representatives chosen by
the people at large. The essence
therefore, of a republican state is indirect
rule.
Section 1 impliedly recognizes that the
people, as the ultimate judges of their
destiny, can resort to revolution as a
matter of right.
A provision in the Constitution, however,
expressly recognizing the people’s right to
revolt against an oppressive or tyrannical
government is not necessary and proper.
7. Section 2
The Philippines renounces war as an
instrument of national policy, adopts
the generally accepted principles of
international law as part of the law of
the land and adheres to the policy of
peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all
nations.
8. The declaration refers only to the renunciation by the
Philippines of aggressive war, not a war in defense of
her national honor and integrity. Thus, when provoked
and attacked the Philippines can retaliate and engage
into war. International law refers to the body of rules
and principles which governs the relations of nations
and their respective peoples in their intercourse with
one another. The Philippines seeks only peace and
friendship with her neighbors and all countries of the
world, regardless of race, creed, ideology, and political
system, on the basis of mutual trust, respect, and
cooperation.
10. CIVILIAN AUTHORITY IS, AT ALL
TIMES, SUPREME OVER THE
MILITARY. THE ARMED FORCES OF
THE PHILIPPINES IS THE
PROTECTOR OF THE PEOPLE AND
THE STATE. ITS GOAL IS TO SECURE
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE
AND THE INTEGRITY OF THE
NATIONAL TERRITORY.
Section 3
11. Supremacy of civilian authority over the military.
Armed Forces of the Philippines, protector of the
people and State.
Inherent in a republicansystem.
A safeguardagainst militarydictatorship.
13. Section 4
The prime duty of the Government is to
serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon the people
to defend the State and, in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by
law, to render personal, military or civil
service.
14. “… the foremost duty of the government is to serve and protect
the people. The government exist for the people and not the
people for the government.” the government may call upon the
people to defend the State.
For self-preservation and to defend its territorial honor and
integrity, the Philippines can engage in a defensive war.
The defense of the State is one of the duties of a citizen.
16. Section 5
The maintenance of peace and order, the
protection of life, liberty, and property, and
promotion of the general welfare are essential for
the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings
of democracy.
17. Only when peace and order, security,
and a life of dignity are established
and maintained, will political stability
and economic prosperity become
attainable and the people truly enjoy
the “blessings of independence and
democracy.”
20. The principle simply means that the
Church is not to interfere in purely
political matters or temporal aspects of
man’s life and the State, in purely
matters of religion and morals, which
are the exclusive concerns of the
other.
23. Section 7
The State shall pursue an independent
foreign policy. In its relations with other
states the paramount consideration shall be
national sovereignty, territorial integrity,
national interest, and the right to self-
determination.
24. • Our basic foreign policy objective is to
establish friendly relations with all
countries of the world regardless of race,
religion, ideology and social system and to
promote as much beneficial relationship
with them particularly in economic and
trade activities.
25.
26. Section 8
The Philippines, consistent with the national
interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom
from nuclear weapons in its territory.
29. Section 9
• The State shall promote a just and
dynamic social order that will
ensure the prosperity and
independence of the nation and
free the people from poverty
through policies that provide
adequate social services,
promote full employment, a rising
standard of living, and an
improved quality of life for all.
32. Section 10
• The State shall promote
social justice in all phases of
national development
33. • In the fulfillment of this
duty, the State must give
preferential attention to
the welfare of the less
fortunate members of the
community, those who have
less in life
