1. Fence-sitters are chickens.

3. Debate is defined as a
formal, direct, oral contest
in argumentation between
two or more teams on a
definite issue on a definite
time.

4. VALUES:
Leadership Skills, Analysis,
Critical Thinking, Open-
mindedness, Thinking on One’s
Feet, Organization, Listening,
Self-confidence, Teamwork and
Cooperation

5. The winner in a
debate is the better
speaker of English.

6. A good debater
must, to a certain
extent, be arrogant.

7. In a debate, one should
speak as loudly and as
quickly as he or she
can.

8. The more content is
delivered, the
stronger the
argument.

9. VARIOUS NAMES:
Oregon-Oxford Debate Format
Cross-Examination Debate
Forensic Debate
ALL THE SAME TYPE OF
DEBATE

10. IMPORTANT FEATURES:
•Use of Proof and
Evidence
•Cross-Examination
Part

11. Members per Team: 4
Role of Members: 4 speakers
Length of Constructives: 3 mins
Number of Constructives: 3
Length of Cross-Ex: 1 min
Rebuttals: 1 per side
Length of Rebuttals: 3 mins
Last Speech: Negative Rebuttal

12. Prep 3 minutes
1st Aff 3 minutes
Cross Ex of 1st Aff 1 minute
1st Neg 3 minutes
Cross Ex of 1st Neg 1 minute
2nd Aff and 2nd Neg 16 minutes
3rd Aff and 3rd Neg
Rebut by Aff 3 minutes
Rebut by Neg 3 minutes
Adj Prep 3 minutes
Adj 3 minutes

13. Propositions must go
against the status quo
or what is the
prevailing
circumstance.

14. That students should
be allowed to bring
cellphones to school

15. Speaker Roles

16. Speaker Responsibilities
1 st Affirmative Speaker
•define the terms of the
proposition
Example: “cellphones are
electronic devices used for
communication”

17. Speaker Responsibilities
1 st Affirmative Speaker
•Lays out the policy created by the
team/values to be debated on
•give an outline of the team
structure/team split (signposting)

18. Speaker Responsibilities
1 st Affirmative Speaker
Example: I as the first speaker will
talk about the feasibility of
cellphone proposal, while the
second speaker will talk about the
benefits of having this policy.
No rehash!

19. Speaker Responsibilities
1 st Affirmative Speaker
•begin to present the affirmative’s
case
THE FIRST SPEAKER SHOULD TAKE THE
MOST DIFFICULT PART OF THE TEAM
SPLIT.

20. Speaker Responsibilities
1 st Negative Speaker
•cross-examine 1st Affirmative
•accept or reject the definition
•reasons: definition is against the spirit
of the proposition or altruistic
•States the clash
•rebut 1st Affirmative (0ffense)

21. Speaker Responsibilities
1 st Negative Speaker
•Clash: We do not want students to bring
cellphones to school. We want to
maintain status quo.

22. Speaker Responsibilities
CROSS-EXAMINATION
•to clarify points
On ECA being required
Mr. Speaker, you conceded that
clubs promote holistic
development, didn’t you?

23. Speaker Responsibilities
CROSS-EXAMINATION
•directing questions
On ECA being required
Mr. Speaker, isn’t holistic development a
goal of Xavier School? Shouldn’t students
be required to do things that contribute to
their holistic development?

24. Speaker Responsibilities
CROSS-EXAMINATION
•concluding questions
On ECA being required
Mr. Speaker, shouldn’t ECA,
contributing to holistic
development, then be required of
students?

25. Speaker Responsibilities
CROSS-EXAMINATION
•Don’t make statements, do ask
questions.
•Don’t ask irrelevant questions.
•Try to ask yes-or-no questions.
•Do be courteous.

26. Speaker Responsibilities
2nd and 3rd Speakers
•defend 1st speaker from attack
(defense)
•rebut previous speaker (offense)
•present portion of case

27. Speaker Responsibilities
Rebuttal Speakers
•summarize his side
THE REBUTTAL SPEAKER CAN
PRESENT NEW ARGUMENTS.

28. Speaker Responsibilities
Rebuttal Speakers
•summarize his side
THE REBUTTAL SPEAKER CAN
PRESENT NEW EXAMPLES.

29. Speaker Responsibilities
Rebuttal Speakers
•select his side’s strongest issues
and explain why these are
sufficient for a win
•refute key issues of other side
•explain why other issues should
result in a loss for other side

30. Speaker Responsibilities
Rebuttal Speakers
•Issues: important
contentions/clashes in the
debate

31. That capital punishment should
be implemented

32. Speaker Responsibilities
Rebuttal Speakers:
I’m going to answer two crucial
questions in my speech. First,
does the death penalty really
deter crime? Second, is justice
really served by an eye-for-an-
eye punishment?

33. Speaker Responsibilities
AUDIENCE
•objectively express
agreement or disagreement
•HEAR!
•SHAME!

34. DIVISION INTO TEAMS
4 people / team
other people to
be adjudicators

35. Preparing Notes for the Debate
Motion:
Definition of Terms:
Affirmative Negative
Split: (three parts) Split: (three parts)
1st Speaker: (name) 1st Speaker: (name)
- points within split - points within split
2nd Speaker: (name) 2nd Speaker: (name)
- points within split - points within split
3rd Speaker: (name) 3rd Speaker: (name)
- points within split - points within split

36. WHY???

37. ARGUMENTATION

38. Argumentation
is the art of giving reasons in order
to justify acts, beliefs, attitudes,
and values

39. Argument
a reason to justify a stand on a
particular issue

40. How do we argue?
Handle/Label of the Argument

41. That capital punishment should be implemented
Capital
punishment
protects
society by
deterring heinous crimes.

42. How do we argue?
deductively and inductively

43. Arguing Deductively
• Start with the
conclusion
• Explanation of the
conclusion through
the providing
evidence/support

44. Capital punishment protects society by
deterring heinous crimes.
Conclusion: The death penalty deters crime by
threatening would-be criminals with the heaviest
and most dreaded punishment possible during their
period of calculation.
Support: That is because heinous crimes are usually
deliberate and pre-meditated. This means that
before people commit these crimes, they plan the
act and therefore, have the benefit of rational
thought.

45. Arguing Inductively
• Start with
specific pieces
of evidence or
support
• Ends with a
conclusion

46. Capital punishment protects society by
deterring heinous crimes.
Support: That is because heinous crimes are usually
deliberate and pre-meditated. This means that before
people commit these crimes, they plan the act and
therefore, have the benefit of rational thought.
Conclusion: Thus death penalty deters crime by
threatening would-be criminals with the heaviest and
most dreaded punishment possible during their period
of calculation.

47. You may add examples like:
Statistics, news items,
case studies, etc.

48. Feasibility
• Will the policy work?
• How will it work?
• Is it the best policy to solve the
problem?

49. Beneficiality
• Will the policy be
beneficial?
• How big of a
benefit will it be?
• Who will benefit
from the policy?

50. HOW???

51. WHY???

52. EVERY ARGUMENT
SHOULD BE BACKED
UP BY SUPPORTS.
Banner statements are
NOT arguments.

53. With a partner, construct your own
argument given this motion:
That Xavier School should
abolish its haircut policy
You may choose to argue
deductively or inductively.