THE ARTISANAL SALT OF SAN VICENTE, ILOCOS SUR: A CASE STUDY
Dr arvinda n singh
1. Dr. Arvind Nath Singh
Director
National Seed Research and Training Centre
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
Government of India
IPM in Vegetable Seed Production
2. Pest complex in vegetable crop
• Crops available round the year with little rotation
concept.
• High input commercial crops with quality
awareness.
• About 13-14% of total insecticide targeted to
vegetables occupying only 2-3% of crop area.
3. Insect Pests of Important Vegetables
Vegetables Recorded
No.
Key pests
Brinjal
Tomato
Okra
Cabbage
Cucurbits
Beans
53
15
36
26
58
>75
Shoot and fruit borer
Fruit borer, whitefly
Fruit borer, leaf hopper and
whitefly
Diamondback moth
Fruit fly and red pumpkin
beetle
Aphids and pod borer
4. Present scenario
Insecticides are the main stay to prevent losses.
Poor concept of IPM.
Many pests have become resistant to various
insecticides.
Insecticide residues pose problems to health and
export standards.
Eco-friendly management packages are emerging
up.
10. A=How much financial loss (DAMAGE) is the pest causing?
B =How much will it cost to control the pest?
A pest outbreak occurs whenever the value of "A" is
greater than the value of "B".
When A=B ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL (EIL)
When A>B Economic damage
31. Harmful effect of Insecticides.
1. Pollution- Water, Air, Soil
2. Adverse effect on plants
3. Adverse effect on animals
4. Insecticide Resistance
5. Resurgence
6. Outbreak
32. Introduction
• The ability of a significant portion of a pest
population to survive a pesticide at rates that
once killed most individuals of that population.
• A genetic change in response to selection.
• A natural process controlled by genetics and
expressed in specific biochemical processes.
36. 1. Mixture of insecticides
.
Application of pesticides
One + Two
Population of insect
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
RR
RR
RR
RR
RR
2
RR
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
RR
2
RR
2 One removes Two removes
RR
2
37. 2.Rotation or alteration of pesticides
Pesticide A Pesticide B Pesticide A
Recovery RecoveryRecovery
Resistance
40. IPM Seed Crop: Increase pollinators
• Level of pollinating activity by insect have
direct effect on seed yield.
• 334 insect species have been identified in
carrot flowers.
• 267 insect species on onion flowers in a crop
grown for seed production.