The presentation was presented at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China to represent Pakistan, its history, culture, and living standard with tourism. It contains the historical, and physical overview of the Pakistan.

1. Overview of Pakistan
The Pious Land

3. Historical
Background of
Pakistan
• The history of Pakistan is a complex and multifaceted journey, marked by a series of significant events and
developments. Here is a brief overview of the history of Pakistan:
Pre-Partition Era:
Indus Valley Civilization: The region that is now Pakistan was home to one of the world's earliest urban
civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 2500-1500 BCE.
The region has been ruled by various empires and dynasties, including the Maurya and Gupta Empires, the
Kushan Empire, Mughals and the British commercial enterprise known as the East India Company ruled parts of
the subcontinent beginning with Bengal, a period known as the Company Rule or Company Raj.

4. Gem Personalities:
• The Founder: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (14th August 1947)
• The Poet of East: Allama Muhammad Iqbal
• Quaid-e-Milat: Liaqat Ali Khan (First Prime Minister)
• Abdul Sattar Edhi

5. Important
Elements
• Pakistan initially had two wings separated: West Pakistan
(present-Pakistan) and East Pakistan (present-Bangladesh).
• Pakistan’s Population is 241.49 million with an annual growth
rate of 2.55% equivalent to 2.99% of the total world’s
population and ranks number 5.
• Area is 796,095 km² (approximately 8.3% of China) and ranks
34th i.e. 0.5% by land of the world

6. Important
Elements
• National Flag Contains two colors green and white with white colored crescent and star
in the middle of green color. The green represents Islam and the majority Muslims in
Pakistan and the white stripe represents religious minorities. In the center, the crescent
and star which is traditional symbol of Islam symbolizes progress and light respectively.
• Currency: Pakistani Rupee (PKR)

7. Important Elements:
• Exports: textiles and garments, food products (rice, spices, horticulture products, fish), leather products, footwear, carpets,
sports goods, surgical goods, cutlery, pharmaceutical products, light engineering and auto parts.
• Pakistan is 8th largest producer of Rice, 9th largest producer of Wheat, 7th largest producer of Mangoes, 6th largest producer
of Date Palms, 4th largest producer of Sugar Cane, and many other products.
• Pakistani Footballs are famous and part of the FIFA world cup. The city Sialkot is famous for making the sport goods.

8. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• GDP Rank 46th (Nominal; 2023) with $340.6 billions. 24th
(Purchasing Power Parity; 2023) with $1.57 trillion
• As per trajectory of the GDP it is declined compared to
the previous year, but our government is doing efforts to
bring on the path of development.

9. Geography
of Pakistan
Coordinates: Longitude ( 61°W-76°E) &
Latitude(24°S - 37°N)
Neighbor Countries: China (Length=523km),
India(Length=3323km), Iran(Length=959km) , and
Afghanistan(Length=2640km)
North-West of the South Asia
Coastal Area: Arabian Sea (length=1046km)

10. Provinces
• Provinces: Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK),
• It also has two(2) autonomous territories, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and
Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and one(1) capital territory ISLAMABAD

11. Topography
• Mountains
• Rivers System
• Plateaus
• Plains
• Deserts
• Coastal Area
• Climatic Zone
• Glaciers

12. Mountains:
• Himalayas: The eastern part of Pakistan is influenced by the Himalayan
mountain range, with some of its foothills extending into northern
Pakistan.
• Karakoram Range: This range runs through the northern part of Pakistan,
and it includes some of the highest peaks in the world, such as K2.(Mount
Godwin-Austen)-2nd highest peak in the world.
• Hindu Kush: The Hindu Kush range lies in the northwestern part of the
country, forming a natural border with Afghanistan.
• Koh-e-Suleman: These mountain range is located in the Province Balochistan.

13. River
Systems:
• Indus River
• Jehlum River
• Chenab River
• Ravi River
• Beas River
• Sutlej River

14. Plateaus:
• Potahar Plateau:
• North of Islamabad and between Indus and Jhelum
Rivers
• Minerals: Salt, Jupsam, Lime-Stone, Coal and Crude Oil
• Balochistan Plateau:
• Located in North-West of the Balochistan province

15. Deserts:
• Thar Desert
• Cholistan Desert
• Thal Desert
• Kharan Desert
Thar Desert:
1. Location: The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, extends into
southeastern Pakistan and is primarily situated in the Sindh province.
2. Characteristics: This desert is characterized by a harsh and arid climate with
extremely hot temperatures during the summer and cold winters. It features
sand dunes, thorny vegetation, and a scarcity of water sources. Despite the
challenging environment, the Thar Desert is inhabited by various communities
and supports some agriculture and livestock.

16. Deserts:
Cholistan Desert:
• The name is derived from the Turkic word chol, meaning
"sands," and istan, a Persian suffix meaning "land of.
• Location: The Cholistan Desert, also known as the Rohi Desert, is located in
the Bahawalpur region of Punjab, in the eastern part of Pakistan.
• Characteristics: It is a desert with a mix of sandy plains and scrubland. The
Cholistan Desert has a unique culture and tradition associated with it, including
camel racing. The region is also known for its ancient archaeological sites.

17. Deserts:
Thal Desert:
• Located near the Potohar Plateau Punjab
Province
• The Thal desert is a sandy region with severe
climatic conditions that are prone to
temperature extremes. Approximately 50% of
the region sees hyper-arid climatic conditions

18. Deserts:
1. Kharan Desert:
1. Location: The Kharan Desert is situated in the province
of Balochistan, bordering Iran.
2. Characteristics: This desert is characterized by vast
stretches of arid terrain, salt flats, and sparse
vegetation. It receives minimal rainfall and has extreme
temperature variations, with hot days and cold nights.

19. Plains:
• Upper Indus Plains:
• Located in Punjab (Jhelum, Chanab, Ravi and Sutlej)
• Valley of Shawalak and Mithan Kot
• Lower Indus Plains:
• Mithan Kot to Indus Delta
• Indus Delta ( Famous for Mangroves Trees)

20. Coastline:
Karachi Ports
1. Karachi port(Bandar gāh Karāchī): It is the largest and busiest port of Pakistan. Karachi serves as
a significant hub for trade and commerce in the region.
2. Port Qasim: The Port Qasim is located, adjacent to the Bin Qasim town, in the southern part of Malir
district, Karachi division, in Sindh. It is an Industrial hub.

21. Coastline:
Gawadar Port
• Gwadar Port, located in the southwestern province of Balochistan, is strategically important
as it offers access to the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf

22. Coastline of Pakistan

23. Climate
Zones:
• High Mountain Region
• Semi Arid Mountain Range
• Semi Dry Region
• Semi Arid Plain Region
• Semi Dry Plain Region
• Coastal Region

24. Glaciers:
• 1771 km glaciers’ range – Pakistan is 2nd in the world by Glaciers.
Major Glaciers are as follows out of 7000 plus:
• Siachen Glacier
• Karakorum Ranges – 78km
• Baltora Glaciers
• Karakorum Ranges – 63km
• Batora Glaciers:
• Hunza Valley – 57km

25. Culture
Pakistan's culture is diverse and rich, shaped by a long history of various civilizations,
including the Indus Valley Civilization, Islamic influences, British colonialism, and
indigenous traditions. Here are some key aspects of Pakistan's culture:
Religions: Islam is the predominant religion in Pakistan. Islamic traditions, values, and
practices play a significant role in shaping everyday life, including religious festivals, prayer,
and the Islamic way of dressing. There are Hindus, christens and Sikhs
Languages: Pakistan is a linguistically diverse country with several languages spoken across
the nation. Urdu is the national language and is widely spoken and understood. Punjabi,
Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi are other major regional languages. English is also commonly
used in business, education, and governance.

26. Pakistani
Dresses
• Traditional clothing varies by region, but the Shalwar
Kameez is a common and widely worn outfit for both
men and women. Traditional Pakistani clothing is known
for its vibrant colors, intricate embroidery, and diverse
styles.

27. Gilgit & Pashtun

28. Punjabi

29. Sindhi

30. Balochi

31. Pakistani Cuisine
Pakistani cuisine is diverse and flavorful, with dishes influenced by South Asian, Middle
Eastern, and Central Asian flavors. Staple foods include Rice, Wheat, and Lentils. Some
popular dishes include Biryani, Kebabs, Nihari, and various types of bread, like Naan, Roti and
Paratha. In Sweets there are famous Gulab Jamun, Ras Gulla, many more.

32. Art and Music
• Pakistan has a rich tradition of music, including classical, folk, and contemporary music. Classical music forms like Qawwali and
Ghazals are popular. Pakistani pop and rock music have gained international recognition, and there's a thriving film and
television industry.

33. Architecture
& Building
• Pakistan has a rich architectural heritage with influences
from various historical periods. Mughal architecture, with
iconic structures like the Badshahi Mosque and the
Shalimar Gardens in Lahore, is especially noteworthy.
• The ancient archaeological sites of Mohen-Jo-Daro
(Moen-Jo-Daro: Mound of Dead) and Harappa are also
of historical and cultural significance.

34. Festivals
• Islamic festivals, such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, are
widely celebrated in Pakistan. Additionally, Pakistan celebrates
its national day, Pakistan Day, on March 23rd to commemorate
the Lahore Resolution in 1940. Other regional and cultural
festivals are celebrated as well.
• There are also celebrations of the other religions: Like, Holi and
Deewali, Christmas and Easter, and Baisakhi(Vaisakhi)

35. Sports
• The hockey is our national sport but Cricket is the most popular sport in Pakistan, with a
passionate fan base. The country has produced world-class cricket players and has a
competitive national team. Field hockey, squash, and football are also popular sports.

36. Hospitality
• Hospitality is a strong aspect of Pakistani culture. Pakistanis are known for their warm
hospitality and generosity. Guests are highly valued, and it is customary to offer tea or a
meal to visitors.

37. Vlog by a tourist: