1. BY:HINA KHALID
“ERRORS OF ARTICULATION”

2. Errors of Articulation:-
 There are four types of articulation errors
which are as follows:-
1. Substitution
2. Omission
3. Distortion
4. Addition

3. SUBSTITUTION:-
Substitution occurs
when one sound is
substituted by another
sound.
For example:- I azzume
that villain's buthday it
thuzday.
S – Substitutions
Definition: Replace one sound with another
sound.
when one class of sounds is replaced for
another class of sounds.
Examples: “wed” for “red,” “thoap” for
“soap,” “dut,” for “duck”

4. OMISSION:
 Omission occurs when a sound is left out that is too
hard to pronounce.
 Examples: Please print tree copies of the repote.
 O – Omissions (also known as deletions)
Definition: Omit a sound in a word.
Note: This error affects intelligibility the most, making
speech more
difficult for the listener(s) to understand.
Examples: “p ay the piano” for “play the piano”, “g een
nake” for
“green snake”

5. DISTORTION:-
 Distortion occurs when the sound is not left out or
substituted but does not sound right. There is an
attempt to make the sound but it is misarticulated.
 Examples: "kerrec" vs. "correct" / "tell me" vs. "till
me“
 D – Distortions
Definition: Produce a sound in an unfamiliar manner.
Examples: “pencil” (nasalized—sounds more like an “m”)
for “pencil,”
“sun” (lisped—sounds “slushy”) for “sun”

6. ADDITION:-
Addition occurs when an
extra sound is added.
Examples: Illinois, Des
Moines, Merlot and Salmon.
A – Additions
Definition: Insert an extra sound within a word.
Examples: “buhlack horse” for “black horse,” “doguh,”
for “dog”