How do humans localize sound In other words, how does someone with .pdf

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amritashinfosalys

How do humans localize sound? In other words, how does someone with their eyes closed know where sound is coming from? Solution Localization of sound refers to the ability of a person to identify the location or the origin of sound, its direction and the approximate distance from which it is comming. In order to investigate this complex ability, mammalian auditory system has been studied in detail. Sound localization ability involves psychological and physiological acoustics as well as person\'s artificial intelligence. It includes the interpretation of cues from the environment regarding the information recognition, feeling of living in 3D environment, spectral information, sense of timing and correlation analysis. These cues also include changes which occur with direction of sound and the time its arrival at the ears. Cues of differences between the sound reception of two ears (binaural) and sensing pressure difference reception of the two ears, is also used as information. The sound travels between ears and eardrums are activated at its outer and inner surface. This helps the animal locate the source of the sound. The ear which faces closer to the sound source vibrates with a larger amplitude, compared to the eardrum facing away. Humans have very good ability to determine the source of sounds and they use the \'pressure reception\' as a major cue. The resonance effect in external auditory canal causes the sound signal amplification. In humans, only the outer surface of the ear is exposed to sound. Eustachian tube equalizes the pressure, and does not allow the sound to enter the middle ear. Hence the outer ear serves dual function of localizing the source of sound and amplifying the acoustic signals. Inner ear is protected by middle ear. Cochlea, which is the main part of the inner ear convert the acoustic signals to nerve stimulation..

How do humans localize sound? In other words, how does someone with their eyes closed know
where sound is coming from?
Solution
Localization of sound refers to the ability of a person to identify the location or the origin of
sound, its direction and the approximate distance from which it is comming. In order to
investigate this complex ability, mammalian auditory system has been studied in detail.
Sound localization ability involves psychological and physiological acoustics as well as person's
artificial intelligence. It includes the interpretation of cues from the environment regarding the
information recognition, feeling of living in 3D environment, spectral information, sense of
timing and correlation analysis.
These cues also include changes which occur with direction of sound and the time its arrival at
the ears. Cues of differences between the sound reception of two ears (binaural) and sensing
pressure difference reception of the two ears, is also used as information. The sound travels
between ears and eardrums are activated at its outer and inner surface. This helps the animal
locate the source of the sound. The ear which faces closer to the sound source vibrates with a
larger amplitude, compared to the eardrum facing away.
Humans have very good ability to determine the source of sounds and they use the 'pressure
reception' as a major cue. The resonance effect in external auditory canal causes the sound
signal amplification. In humans, only the outer surface of the ear is exposed to sound. Eustachian
tube equalizes the pressure, and does not allow the sound to enter the middle ear. Hence the outer
ear serves dual function of localizing the source of sound and amplifying the acoustic signals.
Inner ear is protected by middle ear. Cochlea, which is the main part of the inner ear convert the
acoustic signals to nerve stimulation.

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What are the key components of a typical centralized all-air HVAC system? Write the component name and their corresponding function/role. Based on the heat transfer media, HVAC systems can be classified into how many systems? Which system is the most popular system and why? Solution HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning. The key components and their functions are as follows: 1. Thermostat. - to keep the home at a desired temperature. When the ambient temperature becomes too cold or too hot, the thermostat will trigger the heat exchanger or the evaporator coil- condensing unit combo to begin circulating warmed or cooled air as needed. 2. Furnace. - to heat a supply of air which is to be distributed to various rooms of the building via the HVAC. This heating process is accomplished using one of four possible heat sources -- combustion (burning natural gas, oil, coal, or propane), electric resistance, heat pump, or solar energy collected on site. 3. Heat exchanger. - switches on when the furnace is activated by thermostat to produce warmer temperatures in winter. The heat exchanger pulls in cool air, heats it, and circulates the resulting heated air via your ducts and out through the vents. 4. Evaporator coil. - it acts to cool the air when the thermostat is set to lower temperatures in summer. which is then circulated through the ductwork. 5. Condensing unit. - When the refrigerant has been cooled to a liquid by heat exchange with the exterior air, the condensing unit pumps the liquid to the evaporator coil to be evaporated into a gas once more. 6. Refrigerant lines. The refrigerant lines carry a refrigerant substance to the condensing unit vaporized in the form of a gas, and return it to the evaporator coil in liquid form. 7. Ductwork. - system of ducts that transports air warmed or cooled by the system to the various areas of the building. 8. Vents. - transfer the heated or cooled air from the duct system into the individual rooms of the building..

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What are lymphoid nodules and where are they located? What functions are served by these? (1 paragraph) Solution These are small localised ovoid or kidney shaped organs containing collection of lymphoid tissue. They are generally located in the loose connective tissue under wet epithelial membranes eg-digestive system, respiratory system etc. They are located in the walls of alimentary canal (tonsils, appendix and caecum, Peyer\'s patches), genitourinary passages, respiratory tract and also in other parts of the body. Peyer\'s patches are permanently localized lymphoid tissue in the sub mucosa of ileum. To defend nasal and oral cavities in the body lymphatic nodules are grouped together forming tonsils which are of three pairs viz. Palatine, Lingual and Pharyngeal. They help in the proper functioning of the immune system. They act as a filter for foreign particles and cancer cells. They guard the body and respond to entry of infectious organisms and toxins. Lymphoid nodules are the sites of proliferation/activation of lymphocytes (B cells). It occurs in the germinal centre..

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