information given in this powerpoint will reveal you various methods of analysing various water quality parameter and also tell about these parameters, how they get change due to rain and their implication

1. ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION WATER
QUALITY OF
AC&RI, KILLIKULAM
PROJECT COORDINATOR : Dr.V ArunKumar
PROJECT STUDENTS : Amit Ahuja
K.Manivannan
A.Kavin
S.Aravindasamy
DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
KILLIKULAM, VALLANAD - 628 252.

2.  Water is the most essential and prime necessity of
life.
 The concentration and composition dissolved
constituents in water determine its quality for
irrigation use. Quality of water is an important
consideration in any appraisal of salinity or alkali
conditions in an irrigated area.

3.  Good quality water has the potential to cause
maximum yield.
 Poor quality water can develop various soil and
cropping problems.
 Therefore special management practices may then
be required to maintain full crop productivity.
 A study has been conducted to assess the
quality of well water of AC & RI ,Killikulam.

4. 1.To analyze the irrigation water for their
chemical properties.
2.To assess the suitability of water for
irrigation.

5. STUDY AREA
LOCATION MAP

6. S.No Latitude Longitude Altitude
1.
8042.405’N 77051.514’E 124ft
2.
8042.380’N 77051.427’E 158ft
3.
8042.207’N 77051.455’E 154ft
4.
8042.131’N 77051.525’E 146ft
5.
8042.260’N 77051.721’E 130ft
6.
8042.238’N 77051.775’E 145ft
7.
8042.047’N 77051.763’E 140ft
8.
8070.466’N 77087.275 152ft

8.  Collected water samples were analyzed in the
laboratory to measure the concentration of the
quality parameters of water samples collected from
different location of killikulam.
 Water quality parameters analyzed involves:
1.pH
2.EC
3.TSS

9.  4.TH
 5.Calcium
 6.magnesium
 7.potassium
 8.sodium
 9.carbonate
 10bicarbonate
 11.sulphate
 12. chloride

10. S.No Properties Methodology References
I Physico-chemical properties
1. pH Potentiometry Jackson (1973
2. Electrical
conductivity
Conductometry Jackson (1973
II Water soluble anions
3. Carbonate and
bicarbonate
Titration with
H2SO4
Richards (1954)
4. Chloride Mohr’s titration
method
Richards (1954)
5. Sulphate Nephelometry Cheshin and Yien (1951)
III Cationic constituents
6. Calcium Versenate titration Jackson (1973)
7. Magnesium Versenate titration Jackson (1973)
8. Potassium
Flame photometry
Stanford and English
(1949)
9. Sodium Stanford and English

11. The concentrations were interpreted and calculated
with irrigation indexes using the following formula
of :
1. Puri’s salt index-
Salt index = (Total Na+ - 24.5) - (Total Ca2+ - Ca2+
in CaCO3 ) x 4.85
 2. Sodium adsorption ratio-
SAR=Na+/(Ca+2 + Mg+2/2)1/2
 3. Soluble sodium percentage-
SSP=Na+/sum of all cations*100

12.  4. Potential salinity-
PS=Cl-+1/2 SO4
-2
 5. Residual sodium carbonate-
RSC=(CO3
-+HCO3
-)-( Ca+2 + Mg+2)
6.Kelly’s ratio-

13. Quality parameter references
1 Residual sodium
carbonate (RSC) RSC = CO3
2- +HCO3
-)- (Ca2++ mg2+) Eaton (1950)
2 Soluble Sodium
Percentage
(found)
SSP=Na+/sum of all cations*100 Eaton (1950)
3 Sodium
absorption ratio
SAR = SAR=Na+/(Ca+2 + Mg+2/2)1/2 Richards (1954)
4 Potential salinity PS = cl-+ ½ SO4
2- Doneen (1975)
5 Puri’s salt index
Salt index = (Total Na+ - 24.5) -
(Total Ca2+ - Ca2+ in CaCO3 ) x 4.85
Puri (1949)
6
Kelly’s ratio
KR=Na+/(ca2++Mg2+) (Kelly, 1963),

14. Sl.
No
Quality
water
EC dSm-1 pH Na % Cl me/
litre
SAR RSC
1. Excellent < 0.5 6.5 –
7.5
<30 <2.5 <1 <1.0
2. Good 0.5 – 1.0 7.5 –
8.0
30 - 60 2.5 – 5.0 1 - 2 1.0 -
1.25
3. Fair 1.5 – 3.0 8.0 –
8.5
60 - 75 5.0 – 7.5 2 - 4 1.25 –
2.0
4. Poor 3.0 – 5.0 8.5 –
9.0
75 - 80 7.5 –
10.0
4 - 8 2.0 – 2.5
5. Very poor 5.0 – 6.0 9.0 –
10.0
80 - 90 10.0 –
12.5
8 - 15 2.5 – 3.0
6. Unsuitable >6.0 >10 >90 >12.5 >15 >3.0

15. S.
no
classification Rating limits Interpretation
1 Wilcox and magisted(1943)
Chloride(me l-1
Class I
Class II
Class III
<5.0
5.0-10.0
>10.0
Excellent to good
Good to injurious
Injurious to unsatisfactory
2 Eaton(1950)
Alkalinity hazard(RSC)(me l-
1)
RSC 1
RSC 2
RSC 3
<1.25
1.25-2.50
>2.50
Suitable for irrigation
Marginally suitable for
irrigation
Unsuitable for irrigation
3
a,
b.
Richards(1954)
Salinity hazard(dsm-1)
Sodicity hazard(SAR)
C 1
C 2
C 3
C 4
S 1
S 2
S 3
S 4
<0.25
0.25-0.75
0.75-2.25
>2.25
<10
10-18
18-26
>26
Excellent water
Good water
Doubtful water
Unsuitable water
Low sodium water
Medium sodium water
High sodium water
Very high sodium water
4
a,
Doneen(1975)
Potential salinity (me/l) C 1
C 2
C3
<7.0
7.0-15.0
>15
Permissible limit for low
permeable soil
Permeable limit for medium
permeable soil
Permeable limit for high
permeable soil
Various standard for classification of irrigation water

16. 5. Kelly’s ratio C1
C2
<1
>1
Suitable water
Not suitable water
6. Puri’s salt
index
C1
C2
-24.5 TO 0
0 to +ve
Good quality water
Unsuitable water
7. SSP SSP1
SSP2
SSP3
SSP4
SSP5
SSP6
<30
30 TO 60
60 TO 75
75 TO 80
80 T0 90
>90
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Very poor
unsuitable

17. Well
location
pH EC
(dSm-1)
Ca2+
(me/l)
Mg2+
(me/l)
Na+
(me/l)
K+
(me/l)
Co3
2-
(me/l)
HCo3
-
(me/l)
Cl-
(me/l)
TSS
Ppm
TH
mg of
caco3
So4
2-
(me/l)
Well 1
7.5 0.95 3.12 3.44 1.0 0.015 -- -- 1.0 300 86 1.35
Well 2
7.3 1.41 3.2 3.52 1.04 0.015 -- -- 3.6 500 88 1.5
Well 3
7.7 0.91 2.08 4.4 0.99 0.012
--
-- 2.2 400 110 1.30
Well 4
7.6 0.92 2.16 4.8 0.99 0.010 -- -- 1.8 400 120 1.4
Well 5
7.8 1.40 3.28 4.32 1.0 0.020 -- -- 2.8 500 108 1.31
Well 6
7.5 1.42 3.52 4.4 0.95 0.020 -- -- 3.6 400 110 1.32
Well 7
7.1 0.96 2.56 3.76 1.0 0.030 -- -- 2.0 300 94 1.41
well 8
7.3 0.77 2.32 3.44 1.04 0.015 -- -- 1.4 300 86 1.32
Mean value 7.47 1.16 2.78 3.97 1.01 0.014 __ __ 2.3 400 87.75 1.36
Chemical consituents of irrigation water during post monsoon season
(December 2015),of AC & RI ,Killikulam)

18. Well location Puri’s salt
index
SAR SSP Potential
salinity
RSC Kelly’s
ratio
Well 1
-23.5 0.28 13.20 1.675 -6.560 0.152
Well 2
-23.4 0.29 13.41 3.750 -6.720 0.155
Well 3
-23.5 0.27 13.30 2.850 -6.48 0.153
Well 4
-23.5 0.25 4.45 2.580 -6.96 0.142
Well 5
-23.5 0.25 11.60 3.455 -7.60 0.131
Well 6
-23.5 0.23 10.75 4.460 -7.92 0.120
Well 7
-23.5 0.28 13.60 2.705 -6.32 0.158
well 8 -23.4 0.44 15.30 2.060 -5.76 0.165

19. S.No. Well PSI SAR SSP PS RSC KR EC
1. well1 C1 S1
SSP1
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
2. Well2 C1 S1
SSP2
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
3. Well3 C1 S1
SSP3
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
4. Well4 C1 S1
SSP4
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
5. Well5 C1 S1
SSP5
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
6. Well6 C1 S1 SSP6 C1 RSC1 C1 C2
7. Well7 C1 S1
SSP1
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
8. well8 C1 S1
SSP2
C1 RSC1 C1 C1

20. Chemical consituents of irrigation water during post monsoon season
(January 2016),of AC & RI ,Killikulam)
Well
location
pH EC
(dSm-1)
Ca2+
(me/l)
Mg2+
(me/l)
Na+
(me/l)
K+
(me/l)
Co3
2-
(me/l)
HCo3
-
(me/l)
Cl-
(me/l)
TSS
ppm
TH
mg of
caco3
So4
2-
(me/l)
Well 1
7.5 0.98 3.16 3.46 1.02 0.016 -- -- 1.2 300 79 1.37
Well 2
7.3 1.41 3.23 3.54 1.03 0.017 -- -- 3.7 400 80.6 1.7
Well 3
7.7 0.92 2.12 4.42 1.0 0.017 -- -- 2.3 300 53 1.32
Well 4
7.6 0.93 2.21 4.81 0.99 0.020 -- -- 1.9 500 55.2 1.6
Well 5
7.8 1.16 3.34 4.35 1.0 0.023 -- -- 2.9 400 83.4 1.33
Well 6
7.6 1.42 3.54 4.42 0.96 0.030 -- -- 3.7 300 88.4 1.35
Well 7
7.2 0.97 2.60 3.78 1.0 0.033 -- -- 2.1 400 65 1.43
well 8 7.4 0.78 2.37 3.45 1.04 0.020 -- -- 1.5 400 59.2 1.34
MEAN 7-.51 0.99 2.82 4.02 1.O5 0.022
__ __
2.41 392.5 98.65 1.45

21. Well location Puri salt
index
SAR SSP Potential
salinity
RSC Kelly’s
Ratio
Well 1
-23 0.291 13.32 1.885 -6.62 0.15
Well 2
-23.4 0.289 13.11 4.550 -6.77 0.15
Well 3
-23.5 0.273 13.23 2.96 -6.55 0.15
Well 4
-23.5 0.254 12.33 2.70 -7.02 0.14
Well 5
-23.5 0.250 11.48 3.56 -7.69 0.13
Well 6
-23.5 0.234 10.71 4.375 -7.97 0.12
Well 7
-23.5 0.285 13.49 2.895 -6.38 0.11
well 8 -23.4 0.319 15.12 2.170 -5.81 0.17
Quality parameters of irrigation water in AC&RI Killiulam
(January-2016)

22. S.No. Well location PSI SSP PS SAR RSC KR EC
1.
Well 1
C1
SSP1
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C1
2.
Well 2
C1
SSP2
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C2
3.
Well 3
C1
SSP3
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C1
4.
Well 4
C1
SSP4
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C1
5.
Well 5
C1
SSP5
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C2
6.
Well 6
C1 SSP6 C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C2
7.
Well 7
C1
SSP1
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C2
8. well 8 C1
SSP2
C1 S1 RSC1 C1 C1

23. Chemical consituents of irrigation water during post monsoon season
(March 2016),of AC & RI ,Killikulam)
Well location pH EC
(dSm-1)
Ca2+
(me/l)
Mg2+
(me/l)
Na+
(me/l)
K+
(me/l)
Co3
2-
(me/l)
HCo3
-
(me/l)
Cl-
(me/l)
TSS
ppm
TH
mg of
caco3
So4
2-
(me/l)
Well 1
7.6 0.99 3.18 3.47 1.03 0.015 2.81 0.66 1.19 340 85 1.38
Well 2
7.4 1.42 3.21 3.56 1.04 0.018 2.77 0.68 3.6 410 86.6 1.78
Well 3
7.6 0.97 2.17 4.42 1.61 0.017 2.79 0.71 2.6 320 112 1.3
Well 4
7.5 0.98 2.19 4.82 1.01 0.
019
2.80 0.69 1.21 510 113 1.62
Well 5
7.6 1.17 3.31 4.35 1.03 0.023 2.90 0.80 2.8 420 89.3 1.33
Well 6
7.4 1.45 3.60 4.46 1.01 0.029 2.92 0.81 3.8 320 97.2 1.36
Well 7
7.3 1.03 2.65 3.82 1.02 0.031 2.91 0.80 2.3 420 133 1.45
well 8
7.4 0.79 2.42 3.40 1.00 0.032 3.0 0.84 1.71 400 70 1.33
mean

24. Well location Puri salt index SAR SSP Potential salinity RSC Kelly’s
Ratio
Well 1
-23.47 0.293 13.33 1.83 -3.18 0.154
Well 2
-23.46 0.291 13.28 4.49 -3.32 0.153
Well 3
-23.49 0.274 13.25 3.25 -3.09 0.153
Well 4
-23.49 0.259 12.56 2.02 -3.52 0.144
Well 5
-23.47 0.244 11.82 3.46 -3.96 0.134
Well 6
-23.49 0.257 11.10 4.48 -4.33 0.125
Well 7
-23.48 0.288 13.56 3.02 -2.76 0.157
well 8 -23.47 0.313 14.88 2.29 -2.06 0.175

25. S.No. Well location PSI SAR SSP PS RSC KR EC
1.
Well 1
C1 S1
SSP1
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
2.
Well 2
C1 S1
SSP2
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
3.
Well 3
C1 S1
SSP3
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
4.
Well 4
C1 S1
SSP4
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
5.
Well 5
C1 S1
SSP5
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
6.
Well 6
C1 S1 SSP6 C1 RSC1 C1 C2
7.
Well 7
C1 S1
SSP1
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
8. well 8 C1 S1
SSP2
C1 RSC1 C1 C1

26. Well location pH EC
(dSm-1)
Ca2+
(me/l)
Mg2+
(me/l)
Na+
(me/l)
K+
(me/l)
Co3
2-
(me/l)
HCo3
-
(me/l)
Cl-
(me/l)
TSS
Ppm
TH
mg of
aco3
So4
2-
(me/l)
Well 1
7.7 1.01 3.17 3.47 1.03 0.018 2.84 0.69 1.03 320 85.5 1.39
Well 2
7.5 1.42 3.22 3.54 1.04 0.019 2.78 0.70 3.6 430 86.9 1.72
Well 3
7.7 0.96 2.18 4.45 1.03 0.020 2.81 0.74 2.5 330 113.3 1.35
Well 4
7.8 0.97 2.20 4.85 1.02 0.022 2.82 0.71 1.9 510 114.4 1.62
Well 5
7.7 1.19 3.35 4.37 1.02 0.025 2.93 0.83 2.8 420 90.4 1.35
Well 6
7.3 1.45 3.62 4.48 1.01 0.031 2.95 0.84 3.8 330 97.7 1.67
Well 7
7.4 1.01 2.67 3.86 1.03 0.031 2.96 0.83 2.5 430 72.0 1.48
Well 8 7.7 0.82 2.42 3.49 1.03 0.023 3.00 0.84 1.7 420 123 1.35
Mean
7.60 1.11 2.85 4.06 1.02 0.023 2.88 0.75 2.38 398.75 97.7 1.45
Chemical consituents of irrigation water during post monsoon season
(April 2016),of AC & RI ,Killikulam)

27. Well location Puri salt index SAR SSP Potential
salinity
RSC Kelly’s
Ratio
Well 1
-23.47 0.293 13.39 1.72 -3.12 0.155
Well 2
-23.46 0.291 13.30 4.46 -3.28 0.153
Well 3
-23.47 0.278 13.41 3.17 -3.08 0.155
Well 4
-23.48 0.261 12.60 2.71 -3.52 0.144
Well 5
-23.48 0.254 11.63 3.47 -3.96 0.132
Well 6
-23.49 0.243 11.04 4.63 -4.31 0.124
Well 7
-23.47 0.289 13.56 3.24 -2.74 0.157
well 8 -23.47 0.312 14.79 2.37 -2.07 0.174

28. S.No. Well location PSI SAR SSP PS RSC KR EC
1.
Well 1
C1 S1
SSP1
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
2.
Well 2
C1 S1
SSP2
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
3.
Well 3
C1 S1
SSP3
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
4.
Well 4
C1 S1
SSP4
C1 RSC1 C1 C1
5.
Well 5
C1 S1
SSP5
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
6.
Well 6
C1 S1 SSP6 C1 RSC1 C1 C2
7.
Well 7
C1 S1
SSP1
C1 RSC1 C1 C2
8. well 8 C1 S1
SSP2
C1 RSC1 C1 C1

29. 7.47
7.51
7.46
7.6
7.35
7.4
7.45
7.5
7.55
7.6
7.65
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
PHVALUE
MONTH
Result shows that there is a slightly increase in pH observed during
December 2015 to January 2016. But later in summer season from
March 2016 to April 2016 there is a sudden decrease in pH value.
High pH of irrigation water sample might be due to presence of
various ions in the irrigation water particularly Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and
SO4
2- ions.

30. ◦ The one important criteria regarding quality of irrigation
water is total salt concentration which decides the
availability of water to plants. In the present study EC of
water represented as normal to slightly saline. The EC of
water ranged from 0.77 to 1.45 dS/m. Result shows that
the value of EC from post monsoon to summer season
found normal to critical in range.
1.16
0.99
1.11 1.1
0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
ECVALUE
MONTH

31. 0 0
2.85 2.88
DEC-15 JAN-16 FEB-16 MAR-16 APR-16
CARBONATEVALUE
MONTH
0 0
0.75 0.77
0 0
0 0
DEC-15 JAN-16 FEB-16 MAR-16 APR-16
BICARBONATEVALUE
MONTH

32.  Carbonate and Bicarbonate ions
Based on analysis of result, concentration of
carbonate and bicarbonate found nil during post
monsoon season. But during summer season
there is presence of carbonate and bicarbonate
ions range from 2.77 to 3.0 meq/l and 0.66 to
0.84 meq/l respectively for each.

33. 2.3
2.05
2.38 2.47
0
0
0 0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
CHLORIDEVALUE
MONTH
Result shows that concentration of chloride in water
range from 1.0 to 3.8 meq/l from post monsoon
season to summer season. Result indicates excellent
to good quality of water.

34. 1.36
1.26
1.45
1.4
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
SULPHATE
MONTHS
Series1
Based on the analysis the concentration of sulphate
ions found in water samples are slightly increased from
post monsoon to summer season.

35. 2.78
2.02
2.83 2.85
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
CALCIUM
MONTH
Series1
Concentration of calcium ion found in water samples
range from 2.08 to 3.52 meq/l. This value indicates
concentration of calcium ions gradually increased in
irrigation water.

36. 3.07
4.02 4.04 4.06
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
MAGNESIUM
MONTH
Concentration of magnesium ion found in water
sample gradually increased in irrigation water from
post monsoon to summer season.

37. 1.01
1.05
1.09
1.02
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.1
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
SODIUM
MONTH
Based on result Concentration of sodium ion found in water
sample gradually increased in irrigation water from post monsoon
to summer season.

38. 0.014
0.022
0.021
0.023
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
potassium
months
Result shows that Concentration of pottasium ion
found in water sample gradually increased in
irrigation water from post monsoon to summer
season

39.  The results reveal that irrigation water from wells of AC&RI
Killikulam which were analyzed in laboratory during post monsoon
period of 2015 and summer season of 2016 possess superior
quality of suitability for irrigation.
 100% of the samples tested fall under excellent category. The only
deviation was seen in the amount of carbonate and bicarbonate ions
which were absent during post monsoon season but, traces of these
ions were found later in summer season.
 Remaining parameters apart from carbonate and bicarbonate
indicated slightly higher concentration from post monsoon to
summer season. Therefore, the results were concluded, that
irrigation water has higher quality which is suitable for irrigation