fracture.

1. FRACTURE
Amir Altaf Mir
3rd year BSC Nursing

2. Definition:-
A break down contiuity of bones is called fracture. It may due
to excessive pressure on bone and bone is unable to absorb
this pressure

3. TYPES OF FRACTURE:-
1- complete fracture:- it involve the entire section of the bone.
2- incomplete fracture:- also called greenstick fracture break occur
only through part of the cross section of the bone.
3- comminuted fracture: a break with several bone fragments.
4-closed fracture: it is also called simple fracture,it does not
produce a break in skin.
5- open fracture: it is also called compound fracture. A break in
which the skin or mucous membrane wound extends to the
fractured bone.

4. 6- impacted fracture: when one bone impact to other bone.
7- pathologic fracture: fracture occurs due to bone disease or
without any other pressure.

5. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:-
1. acute pain
2. deformity.
3. shortening of the extremity.
4. tenderness.
5. swelling.
6. numbness (paresthesia).
7. localized edema.

6. DIAGNOSIS:-
A) X-RAY
- Anterior .
- posterior.
- Laterial view.

7. COMPLICATIONS:-
* Muscle atrophy.
* Loss of muscle strength.
* Bone union problem.
* infection.
* shock.

8. MANAGEMENT:-
1. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
= checkABC of patient and also maintain it.
= check vital signs.
= immediately after injury, immobilize the body part while
the patient have to move.
= splint the fracture.
= to support the fracture site.
= cover the wound of an open fracture with a sterile dressing
to prevent containmination of deeper tissue.

9. 2. Reduction of fractures
It is of three types:
(a) Closed Reduction: it is a method of fracture
realignment. It is performed manually apply traction
force to bone till end of the bone.
(b) Open Reduction: surgical placement of internal fixation
devices. E.g, wires, pins etc.
(c)Traction reduction: The application of a pulling forc,
especially
as a means of counteracting the nature tension in the tissue,
surrounding a broken bone.

10. NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
a) keep immobiliozation of affected part by means of bed rest
cast, tranction to relieves pain and & prevents bone
displacement.
b) provide proper pin and wound care.
c) provide proper cleaning external fixator regularly to reduce
risk of infection.
d) provide/encourage for plaster cast application & skin care.

11. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:-
1. pain and swelling related to fracture.
2. Risk for infection related to open wound.
3. impaired skin integrity related to immobilization.
4. risk for haemorraghe and shock related to open fracture.
5. impaired physical mobility related to pain, discomfort,
restrictive therapies, and limb immobiloization.