Managing Environmental Policy and Philosophy

Environmental Policy And Philosophy Of Managing The...
Environmental conservation is the practice of managing the environment. Naturally the environment is a self–sustaining entity but, due to harmful
intervention from man starting largely in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries this frail entity has suffered. In response many changes have been
enacted in attempt to preserve the environment. Many progressive conservation policies, clubs, organizations and parks were formed in attempt to
counteract the near permanent destruction to the environment caused by American urbanization, industrialization, and western expansion. Through the
work of conservationists throughout two conservation movements the environmental mistakes of the eighteenth and nineteenth century were
overcome. The effects their work would shape the country both politically and socially throughout the twentieth century. Conservation is the policy and
philosophy of managing the environment. Throughout American history, there have been two major conservation movements. The firstconservation
movement started in the 1850s and lasted for nearly seventy years. It began in response to the realization of the inalterable damage done on the
environment and natural resources by the western frontier settlers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The second conservation
movement, known as the environmental movement, started in the 1960s. With an increased attention on personal improvement, physical fitness, and
wellness, concern for the environment
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Persuasive Essay On National Park Service
The National Park Service of the United States of America was established by congress on August 25th, 1916 "to provide for the enjoyment of same
in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations" (Abbey, 55). Since then, the National
Parks Service has done all it can to deface, commercialize and dishearten our most precious resource of the spirt; wilderness. Men like Ansel Adams
and John Muir preached to congress encouraging them to leave these lands "unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations" but over a short
period of time an emphasis on accessibility and services has taken away the unspoiled beauty, leaving it forever tarnished by the engineering of man.
We as citizens must reclaim our sacred wild places and in the name of preservation declare their protection from cultural progress. Look at any National
Park and you'll see the destruction. Take Yellowstone; within four
–hundred yards of the Old Faithful Geyser you will find three inns (one of which has
327 rooms), a ranger's station, a medical clinic, three restaurants, a post office, three gift shops, two grocery stores, two gas stations, a fire station, a
visitor's center, a movie theater, a large parking lot and four dorms (to house the villages workers). This village isn't just near Old Faithful, it's been
built around it, choking the life out of the spectacle. Consider the experience had by the first white men (or any of the native cultures who were aware

Creating A Centralized Collection Of Information About Our...
Section One In 1995 with the emergence of the Internet as a powerful tool that was clearly here to stay, a project began to create a centralized collection
of information about our nation's wilderness. Before the proposal of the Wilderness Information Network, information on the wilderness was spread
across multiple sites controlled by different branches of the government that held relevant information. The Wilderness Information Network (WIN)
sought to unite the information in a way that the general public, wilderness visitors, scientists, managers, educators, legislators, and government agents
would all be able to make productive use of the available information, which would be provided by the National Park Service, Bureau of Land ... Show
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However, the Park Service's representative on the steering committee for the project, found this to be duplicative. The representative, Wes Henry,
believed that any information sought by the WIN was available through Park.Net, the National Park Service's (NPS) operational webpage. He believed
that the WIN would be placing extra burden on Park managers, seeking the extra effort in an attempt to gain irrelevant or ill thought out information.
This begs the question: How could the WIN move forward without the NPS, which oversaw 42%, the greatest percentage under a single agency, of
wilderness land? The key actors in the problem on the WIN would be the government agencies comprising the steering committee and their
representatives, and while three institutions in Missoula, MT served as the driving force behind the project (the University of Montana, the Aldo
Leopold Wilderness Research Institute and the Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center), they were a part of theNational Wilderness
Preservation System that was made up of the four federal agencies. The steering committee included Wes Henry of the National Park Service, Jeff
Jarvis of the Bureau of Land Management, Peter Jerome of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and Jerry Stokes of the US Forest Service. This committee
served as the closest thing to a directing force for the

Radical Environmentalism And Wilderness Preservation Guha...
Deep Ecology and its Relation to the Third World
This paper will begin with an exposition of the article, "Radical Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique" written by
Ramachendra Guha, a sociologist and historian involved in ecological conflict in the East and the West. In this article, he refers to American
environmentalism as "deep ecology", a modern theory founded by Arne Naess. Guha's argues that based on a comparison of the concepts of deep
ecology and other cultural environmentalisms, deep ecology is strictly rooted in American culture and thus, leads to negative social consequences when
it is applied to the Third World. This argument will be achieved by first defining deep ecology and its principles.... Show more content on
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This type of exposure to wilderness is merely an extension of the many desires that are inherent in the American culture to which society is dependent.
In other words, wilderness has become part of the consumer society, the same society that deep ecology claims to aim to reconceive. Guha refers to this
as a consequence of economic and political dominance. This dominance leads to wilderness being a manifestation of American nationalism. Admittedly,
the American national park system is one of America's defining characteristics. Hence, Guha states that Western civilization is the ideal medium for
both wilderness and civilization to live in conjunction yet this medium dismisses its economical and social consequences.
In contrast, Guha compares deep ecology to the German environmental movement known as the Green program. He states that the Green has realised
that the American economy has a direct negative effect on the Third World. This is due to the industrialization, militarization and the American history
of subordination beginning with colonization. This has lead to a distorted distribution of resources in the world and as a result has increased the lower
class population. The Green responds to this issue with the theory of a "no growth economy" through a re–evaluation of the consumerist ethic
concerning self–limitation.

The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Western North...
Environmental degradation has become a social and cultural norm both within and supported by Westernized North American life, and the average
Canadian and American citizen will likely suffer an estrangement from our natural world. This separation, backed by centuries of social constructions,
has done much more than alienate us from our original physicality: it has enforced a culturally justified set of values rationalizing and permitting the
devastation of wilderness. A cultural mindset extending centuries into the past is difficult for the individual to identify and even more challenging for a
society to overcome; however, another culture exists, namely that of the North American indigenous peoples, who have developed and experienced,
through a history of living at peace with the land, what is known as traditional knowledge. This unique relationship to the land encompasses a truth that
colonial and subsequent Western rule both overlooked and stigmatized in the face of economic and social "progress". While Western North American
culture is beginning to acknowledge and explore the worldview and methods accrued through traditional knowledge and employ consultation with the
indigenous peoples as a vehicle of sustainability, serious damage has already been committed and could have been lessened had our past entailed an
adoption of Aboriginal worldviews. The benefits of traditional knowledge can particularly be seen through analysis of Aboriginal relationships to
forestry, which

The Omnivore's Dilemma Analysis
When Americans think of nature images of the wild west, wide open plains, and majestic landscapes spring forth. Nature is part of the American
heritage; a site of beauty set aside for preservation outside the industrial cities that encompasses daily life. Because of this segregation between nature
and man, it is easy to forget that everything on the planet is nature, not simply the parks set aside for preservation and egos. Throughout American
history, dating as far back as the indigenous people, this connection between man and the natural world has been prevalent. By examining the the
conservationist movement of the twentieth century and the impact Americans have had on the environment, there is a chance to close the chasm that
now exists... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But there are blinders on every American as to what nature actually provides to the modern man. The supermarket, for instance, has become the
bounty in which one simply has to hop into the car and drive in order to obtain a sustainable meal for the family. There was no time intensive labor in
planting or harvesting vegetables or butchering an animal. It is all neatly packaged and ready for preparation and consumption. Michael Pollan
expresses the loss between Americans and food in his novel The Omnivore's Dilemma. He suggests that "there exists a fundamental tension between the
logic of nature and the logic of human industry, at least as it is presently organized," which has developed a disconnect between Americans and food
(Pollan, 9). This disconnect is the lack of understanding nature. "We eat by the grace of nature, not industry," Pollan claims, "and what we're eating is
never anything more or less than the body of the world" (Pollan, 411). We consume food without considering it as part of nature. While nature is inside
of us, we continue to view it as a part from us. The sad injustice to nature is that man has forgotten the biotic connection between the natural world and
humanity. Whether protecting nature is a spiritual experience or simply a means for survival, nature is as much a part of human life as the human
themselves. The separation created by modern environmentalism between human and non–human entities can only be reunited if people learn to view
life as a part of nature. The scary part about that thought, however, is will that be enough now? Only time can

The Mountains Are Calling By John Muir Essay
The Mountains are Calling
Scottish born "John of the Mountains" impacted the way National Parks are viewed today. As a wee lad, John Muir had a keen fixation on his natural
surroundings. Conversely, his father Daniel was vehemently opposed to any contact with the world outside of their garden. Ironically, the family's
abrupt move to America would set the stage for his son John to blossom into the renowned naturalist he is remembered as today. While attending
college in Wisconsin, John was exposed to Transcendentalism, which introduced him to the ideas and works of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Transcendentalism served as a salve for the harsh and strict fundamentalism espoused by his father's Puritanical ideology. Subsequently, Muir would
delve more deeply into Transcendentalism than any other adherent. John Muir's experiential, naturalistic practices elevated transcendental ideals which
are depicted throughout his conservational ventures and prose. The backbone of transcendentalism promotes the notion that all works of creation are
only a fragment of a larger reality, or in the words of Emerson, Over–soul. This idea brought about some of the most insightful philosophers in
American history, and is also the concept that drew the attention of a very eager John Muir. Transcendentalism was a very attractive set of ideals for
the young and receptive John Muir, a set of ideals that he unwittingly developed during his youth regarding his profound fascination with the natural
world.

Advertising 's 15 Basic Appeals By Jib Fowles
The Snare in the Advertisements Coming from commercials, newspapers, movies, and magazines, advertisements are one of the most prominent
things that we get bombarded with on a daily basis. The problem with a lot of people including myself is that we fall victim to the manipulation of
the advertising sharks and their devious tricks. In the article 'Advertising's 15 Basic Appeals' by Jib Fowles, the author describes how advertisers will
use 15 basic emotional appeals in order to get you to say 'I want and need that!' In National Geographic, a historical, anthropological, discovery–based
magazine, advertisers focus their energy on the middle–aged, middle–class, educated audience, who want to improve not only their intellectual
integrity, but also improve their families lives if the readers can help it. National Geographic advertisers can do this by appealing to the readers' basic
needs for achievement, nurture, and guidance. National Geographic is generally read by middle–aged married males, averaging at around 47 years of
age, with a high level of education and a high–end job. Socioeconomically, the readers tend to be in the middle–class bracket, with a household value
of over $200,000 and a good–sized income. The reader's general interests are tied into history, nature, anthropology, and archeology and they have a
strong interest in learning more about the worlds' new developments and discoveries as well as maintaining educational growth, and they are definitely
scared of

Theodore Roosevelt Research Paper
America's best president was Theodore Roosevelt.
He fought against oversized business as the "trust buster." He fought for peace in the Russo–Japanese War and earned a Nobel Prize for it. He fought
for government to expand its role outside of its traditional limits.
But, in all honesty, these are things I looked up before writing this column. The true grounding for my fervent support of Theodore Roosevelt is centered
around his dedication to national parks.
Roosevelt saw the wilderness as a place that grows character, valor and vigor – a place worthy of preservation for future generations. Future
generations like me. And because of this, most of my childhood was spent at national parks.
I still remember my brother and me, both no more than 12 years old, sitting in the trunk of a rental van with the hatch open, watching the vast
landscape of the Badlands of South Dakota flying away from us. When the car stopped, we would go track down the prairie dogs that scurried
beyond sight. When we ran, we carried pen and paper in hand to identify any of the native plant species that we could see. Once we filled these ... Show
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It is also the one that tourists like me have visited since its establishment as a national park in 1978.
The Badlands belong to a greater National Park Foundation that will be turning 100 years old on August 25, 2016. Because of this, there are a plethora
of centennial events celebrating America's strong history in park service.
Yet even with this large of a celebration occurring on our home soil, there will still be students that spend spring break in the Bahamas, a summer in
France or a semester in Peru. These are all, of course, great and necessary experiences for building an understanding of the world as a global citizen.
But I also extend the challenge to be an American citizen as

John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot
Have you ever heard of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot? These two men expressed different beliefs over preservation and conservation. John Muir was
America's most famous conservationist. While Gifford Pinchot was one of America's leading preservationist. Both of these men spent most of their
lifetime defending the natural resources and the wildlife around the world. John Muir is one of California's most important historical personalities.
Born in Scotland, he has been called "The Father of our National Parks," "Wilderness Profit," and "Citizen of the Universe." As a wilderness explorer,
his exciting adventures in the Sierra Nevada and Alaska's glaciers led him searching for nature's beauty.Gifford Pinchot was born to a wealthy family on
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Roosevelt's successor, President Taft, did not really care for government ownership of land. This is what divided Roosevelt and Taft and led to the
creation of the Progressive Party. Pinchot ran for the United States Senate but did not win. He then changed from national to State politics. His goal was
governorship. This is where he believed he would have the greatest opportunity

Essay On Wilderness Protection
Wilderness Protection is crucial to our environment, without it we would not have clean air to breathe or clean water to drink. In 1962 President
Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Congressional Wilderness Act to help keep wildlife and its environmental areas protected. This act is the greatest form
of protection. The Wilderness Act is recognized as the value of saving "an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man,
where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." There are many reasons why this act is so important and many reasons why these lands are
being protected. Only five percent of the United States is Protected (Boyes). The five percent of the United States is the only untouched nature that
we have left. There is no pollution in the air, no drilling and mining for resources, or vehicle use. Unbothered areas and ecosystems in wilderness
areas produce clean water for thousands of communities. According to the U.S. Forest Service, national forests and grasslands provide drinking
water to nearly 60 million Americans (5 Reasons to Protect Wilderness). The wilderness produces fresh water to drink and cleans air to breath.
Watersheds provide clean drinking water that has not been disturbed. The act protects the environment form any pollution so it produces clean air. It is
also protected from industrial development, road building, off road vehicle use, gas and oil drilling, mining, and logging. A wilderness area like any
other on earth does not

Brief History Of National Parks And How The Government...
Danlin Huang
ESPM 50 AC M W 3–430
GSI: Shams Al–Din Al–Hajjaji
Revealing the Hidden Story
Introduction
Today, most people are enjoying their experiences from the 58 beautiful national parks. The visitors can see the most treasured landscapes, the majestic
mountains, and even many animals that are rarely seen. Nonetheless, many overlook or never realize that as much as they have benefited from the
parks, there is a whole population that was fatally affected and eventually displaced from their homeland during the establishment of the national
parks–the Native Americans. Their splendid history had come to an end and disappeared since then. It is important for the readers and everyone to
recognize the native population and realize the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the end of the paper, readers will be exposed to the dark side of the National Park System and look at this system more critically than before. I hope
when the visitors enjoy the beautiful parks in the future, they can think of the hidden stories of the Indians and recognize them in their heart.
History of the Creation of the National Parks The conservation movement that began in the 19th century gave rise to the radical idea of establishing
national parks for the protection of natural lands and resources. In March, 1872, Yellowstone became the first national park of the US and was signed
into law by President Ulysses S. Grant. At first, the Native Americans weren 't seen as a threat to the national parks because they were known to live in
harmony with nature. Indians such as the Shoshone people in the Yellowstone National Park regularly hunted mountain sheep and buffalos
(Shannontech). However, as people's mindset changed, the government decided to use the United States Army to regulate the Indian's activities in the
parks, including restricting their seasonal huntings. The Department of the Interior, which was in charged of the national parks, continued to enforce
regulations on the parks and worked to create more national parks. It wasn 't until the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt that the National Park System
was started. He established "the U.S. Forest Service, the nation's first

Lyndon B Johnson Research Paper
Lyndon B. Johnson was born near Stonewall, Texas on August 27th, 1908. Interested in politics since childhood and born the son of a politician,
Johnson did well in highschool and eventually began a career as a teacher. In November of 1931, Sam Ealy, Johnson's father, recommended Johnson
for a position in the office of US House of Representatives member, Richard Kleberg. Lyndon acted as his secretary and head of Kleberg's office until
his retirement. In September of 1934, Johnson met his soon to be wife, Claudia Alta Taylor. They married 24 hours hours after meeting and later had
two daughters, Lynda Bird and Luci Baines. In 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Johnson head of the state branch of the National Youth
Administration. Later on,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson made great strides towards improving conditions for those that are impoverished, conditions for mothers and students, and for the
environment, he fell flat regarding national security and the Vietnam War. Following in the footsteps of what Kennedy sought to accomplish before his
assassination, Johnson quickly authorized a national security memorandum called NSAM 273 after his inauguration. NSAM 273 directed the United
States Government to "to assist the people and Government of South Vietnam to win their contest against the externally directed and supported
Communist conspiracy." When counterinsurgency failed, Johnson signed OPLAN 34A–64 on January 16, 1964, calling for stepped up infiltration and
covert operations against the North to be transferred from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to the military. After reports of attacked U.S. naval
vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin, Johnson asked Congress for a resolution of support. By a vote of 98 to 2 in the Senate and a unanimous vote in the
House, Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and authorized the President to take all measures necessary to protect the armed

Analysis Of Ansel Adams ' A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words
A picture is worth a thousand words. This phrase has almost become cliched but it is a powerful statement that applies perfectly in photography. When
good photographers observe a powerful scene that moves them, they will use their talents, skills, and techniques to translate that power in their
photography. They can effectively allow their audience to feel the same power they did during their first observation. In turn, this communication of
power often returns power to the original scene. This is true in photography that conveys everything from human rights violations to family history to
nature. One photographer that took this journey with his art was Ansel Adams. At a very young age he felt a spiritual connection and inspiration with
Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada country. He honed his talent and technique as a photographer to capture that power and inspiration so that it
radiated from his final prints. As people observed his prints, they were moved and in turn provided power to protect the majesty of the wilderness
that Ansel so loved. Adams was an only child to his parents and his father "molded into his son a direct expression of Emersonian ideals, raised
above all to adore nature, the straightest path to the eternal." He struggled to fit in at school as he "was an odd, hyperactive child" who "grew
emotionally unstable and cried easily." and was eventually homeschooled. The nature loving boy was 14 years old when his family first visited the
Yosemite valley

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The
question raising so much contention is whether the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention
paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have taken opposing positions in their national political
platforms, with the debate emerging and re–emerging in Congress as a significant issue. The Republican are proponents of drilling whereas the
Democrats are opposed. With Sen. Lisa Murkowski ascending to the top post of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee many observers
believe that the Republicans will renew their push for drilling in the ANWR in the upcoming 114th Congress. This paper will explore the different
arguments that are used to oppose drilling to protect the ANWR followed by arguments that are in support of drilling. As a result of a preliminary
review of current literature outlining the pros and cons surrounding drilling, it is the thesis of this paper that drilling in the ANWR is unnecessary
based on (1) the potential to cause irreversible damage to a very unique ecosystem that has not been adequately studied by scientists; and (2) the
limited impact that drilling in the region will have on overall market prices and supplies due to the estimated small size of the ANWR's oil and gas
reserves. A brief history of the

Importance Of Wilderness Areas : Wilderness Area
Importance of Wilderness Areas
Wilderness areas are a very important to future generations. WThe wilderness is designed to protect and preserve scenic lands. Without protected
wilderness areas, animals that are native to the area will not have a habitat; future generations won't have clean air to breathe, fresh water to drink, or
natural areas to enjoy or escape to. Therefore, it is important that citizens today work to protect and preserve the wilderness areas that do exist.
Why should we protect these lands? The Wilderness lands are very important to our wildlife. Wilderness areas are their home. Without protecting
certain lands humans will invade and take over and build on the land and it will run the wildlife out. These lands do more ... Show more content on
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This wilderness area was designated to protect the habitat for the scarce bull trout. In the lower one–half mile of the Bruneau River wilderness is also
for the Bruneau hot springsnail which is endangered. Maybe let the readers know that the Bruneau River has world classes whitewater opportunities.
How many arces?
Little Jacks Creek Wilderness Area: Little Jacks Wilderness area is popular for hiking, fishing, backpacking and nature observation. Little jacks
receives the most visitation because it is so close to Boise and the surrounding areas. Little Jacks is composed of 50,930 acres. Little Jacks includes
1,000–foot canyons that tower over the creeks that lie beneath. This wilderness area offers great solitude. Little jacks is full of wildlife which is great
for hunting and fishing. Mule deer are prevalent in this area as well as the mountain quail and greater sage grouse.
You may want to mention something about the 3 other Wilderness Areas inOwyhee County. Northfork, Pole Creek and Owyhee River Wilderness
Areas. What are these places know for?
All of these areas offer so many different opportunities, from different levels of rafting to big game hunting and fishing. Each area provides something
different, from the landscape to the different species of plants and animals.
Wilderness by law. The United States was the first country in the world to appoint wilderness by law. Other countries around the world have started to
protect

How To Write An Essay On National Parks Protection
Our Countries Protector: The National Parks Service National parks are places that are considered historically significant, or unique enough to be
protected by the federal government. These parks are designated as a protected area for animals, and people are able to visit and enjoy these serene
places. National parks include places like: Yellowstone, Yosemite, the Everglades, the Grand Canyon, and the Sequoia's. These places are contain very
diverse and unique ecosystems that are thriving due to their protection. People are able to see what the untouched wilderness is like in an age of
expanding urbanization. These places could be decimated and built upon if were not for the government's protection and funding. The National Park
Service... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This seems great however the money required for maintenance of the parks simply is not there. "The park service said it delayed an estimated $11.5
billion worth of needed maintenance projects last year due to funding shortages Craig Obey, senior vice president for government affairs with the
National Parks Conservation Association, said Congress needs to take "immediate and substantive action" to prevent further maintenance delays.
"Failing to provide for the system's basic maintenance needs has eroded our most treasured landscapes and historical sites," Obey said in a statement
on Monday. "Next year's centennial of the National Park System is the perfect opportunity for Congress to renew its commitment to protecting
America's most special

John Muir Research Paper
A man named John Muir was born on April 21, 1838 in Dunbar, Scotland. In 1849, at the age of 11, Muir and his family emigrated to Portage,
Wisconsin. Growing up, Muir and his brother would roam the fields and the woods of the rich Wisconsin countryside (Sierra Club 2015). In 1867,
while John Muir was working in a carriage parts shop, he suffered a blinding eye injury. After Muir recovered, he decided that he would leave work
and go study nature. In 1868, he visited California and that became his home. Muir was fascinated by California's Sierra Nevada and the Yosemite.
He was hired as a shepherd's assistant in Yosemite Valley. John Muir wrote a series of articles called the "Studies in the Sierra" and this launched his
successful career as... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The city of San Francisco proposed building a dam in Hetch Hetchy, a glacier carved valley at the time, to produce a steady water supply. The Valley
was in Yosemite National Park and it was protected by the federal government. It was then up to the Congress to decide the survival of the valley.
Conservationists believed that the environment should be used in a industrious manner to benefit the people, while the preservationist believed that
nature should be preserved and saved from human destruction. Hundred of organizations and individuals submitted petitions to Congress about the
valley. Congress eventually passed legislation that allowed the formation of the dam. This defeat helped transform the Sierra Club from a politically
naive hiking club into a formidable and politically astute environmental organization (Snell

Environmental Conservation : The Destruction Of The...
The destruction of the environment dates back to before human time. However, this was never a problem because it was done in moderation. Around
1950, mass deforestation began in many regions of the world. Since then, the amount of deforestation that occurs is increasing at an alarming rate. It
was not until the early 2000s that the annual rate of deforestation started to decline, and it did at a large rate. The damage had already been done,
clearing an area of land the size of France. The deforestation that had been done helped the local people of that area bring in a great source of income.
One thing that may have not been on their mind at the time was the impact that mass deforestation may have on the future generations. Everyone is
well aware that wants are unlimited, but resources are scare. Scare resources can lead to rash and drastic decision making. With each passing day, we
have less resources at our disposal, but we are coming closer to finding potential alternatives to energy sources. Michael P. Nelson talks about the future
generation argument, which I believe is the strongest of his arguments when it comes to wilderness preservation. Wildernesses have many different
assets to offer that are not only good for humans financially, but also mentally and physically. Depriving future generations of these assets would a
cruel and unfair thing to do. Michael P. Nelson writes on 30 different arguments of why we should preserve the wildernesses around the world. Some of

Wallace Stegner's Wilderness Letter Essay
In Wallace Stegner's "Wilderness Letter," he is arguing that the countries wilderness and forests need to be saved. For a person to become whole,
Stegner argues that the mere idea of the wild and the forests are to thank. The wilderness needs to be saved for the sake of the idea. He insinuates that
anyone in America can just think of Old faithful, Mt. Rainier, or any other spectacular landform, even if they have not visited there, and brought to a
calm. These thoughts he argues are what makes us as people whole.
The wilderness can be used to measure against the man made world, a "scientific yardstick." Throughout the entire piece he is arguing that the
importance is not what we can actually see or touch, but what we think of and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The land helped form their mentality as they worked their way across it and through it by working on their souls.
The wilderness and forests need to be saved for the future generations, and a sort of "wilderness bank" needs to be formed in order to keep the reality
of the wilderness alive and keep mankind grounded to the earth.
The best way to accept nature is through an unclogged mind. The spiritual refreshment that comes from the land and the wild without the technology
clouding everyone's mind is the best way.
Stegner thinks that the wilderness has taught the generations of the past the trick of quiet, as did Sherwood Anderson. In order to teach the future
generations this trick, people must leave the land as it is now and not use the land for recreational purposes. Along with the technology that has come
to be, so have a bitter attitude and more illness. People became more hostile and bitter as the technological advances took of and the frontier fell.
All of nature and the wild are equally important to Stegner; from the prairies to the Alpine forests, it's all equally important. He calls it technocracy as
in a democratic technology.
Stegner believes that the fact this letter has been used in posters, made it around the world and been used to promote wilderness preservation, proves
that the message is one of truth.
The land, the forests, and the wilderness belong to

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge : Drilling For Oil Essay
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, commonly referred to as ANWR has been the source of
media and political controversy for the last twenty years and has only increased in recent years. President Eisenhower reserved this land in 1960 to
preserve and protect the native and diverse plants and wildlife. When oil was discovered in the Prudhoe Bay a determined group consisting of large oil
corporations, politicians and locals insisted that exploration in the wildlife refuge would lessen the United States dependence to foreign oil, there
would be numerous economic benefits and could be achieved with an inconsequential effect on the environment. Opponents of drilling reject this
argument citing grave environmental concerns. These adversaries that include many environmental groups argue that the various economic benefits
associated with drilling in ANWR are not significant enough to warrant the destruction of one of the last remaining pristine wildernesses. The costs
associated with drilling evident in oil spills, changes in habitat and the possible extinction of Polar bears and wolves demonstrate that the benefits of
drilling for oil does not outweigh the negative consequences. In 2015, President Barack Obama pushed policy to ban oil exploration by designating
more than 22 million acres in Alaska of which 12 million are part of the ANWR (Bourne). Background Alaska became an official state of the United
States in 1960.

Pros And Cons Of John Muir
John Muir is best known for his efforts to preserve the wilderness of the United States, which greatly contributed to the preservation of countless natural
areas of the US through the National Parks Service. During his travels across the country and abroad, Muir recorded his thoughts and beliefs about
nature and the fundamental connection people share with the earth. By voyaging into the wild and shedding the restraints and ideals of modern
society, Muir argues that people can expand their understanding of the world and experience life to its full potential through immersing themselves in
nature. First and foremost a researcher of the environment, Muir believed that by spending time in nature, he could more deeply understand the earth
and all of the knowledge it has to offer. During one of his numerous expeditions in the Yosemite Valleyin 1869, Muir remarks that "...these lawless
wanderings will be valuable as suggestive beginnings... if I should return to the awkward rules & laws of civilization & be buried as a strand into the
thick of society." He knows that if he returns to civilization, his excursions will be no more than beginnings of research that will serve no real purpose.
He further comments that, "These sweet free roamings be as little chinks & seams on life's horizon whence I may obtain narrow glimpses of the
treasures of the Kingdoms of Nature beyond." Just as the horizon blocks out sunlight, Muir argues that civilization blocks out the opportunity to
discover

Transcendentalism In The 19th Century
To believe that the eyes constantly deprive the mind of truth is a concept that has yet to be accepted. The reasoning behind this is even easier to
comprehend; simply, our eyes give us sight to understand and navigate the world around us. However, there are times when sight can be deceived,
such cases include optical illusions. Illusionists utilize slight of hand among many other methods to deceive the eyes of the viewers. Artists on the
other hand use their own eyes to produce a framed work, occurring in the form of a painting or photograph. "Artists can search out more remote,
pictorially uncharted, regions of the earth to portray or they can refigure the familiar." These productions create a minor case of illusion that has affected
public ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, his work with the Sierra Club in the mid–twentieth century United States depicted nature as Edenic and unspoiled. Developing the
relationship between the western American wilderness and Eden itself allowed for a case to be made for the worthiness of preserving these natural
landscapes. Cronin states, "Photographs by Adams, in particular, currently occupy a place within the realms of both fine art and popular culture,
having been frequently reproduced on greeting cards, decorative posters, and wall calendars."2 Ansel Adams and the Sierra Club believed that these
images were substantial proof to persuade the general public to support conservation efforts. The ease and ability to produce and reproduce Adam's
photographs, which are still in circulation to this day, greatly impacted the consumption rate for American nature. Photographs are regarded as being
"true" images due to their respectable ability to present still images of reality. However, as I previously stated, these images are still constructed in
the fact that a prior composition has been chosen, and the natural landscapes have quite possibly been altered as well to fit popular ideas. The
American public, in its vast majority, still regards the photograph to be more "true" than a painting, and the images produced instilled a lust and
wonder for travel. Ansel Adams effectively aided in the conservation movements as well as

Ansel Adams Influence On Nature
"You don't take a photograph, you make it."– Ansel Adams
Ansel Adams was a great man. He was an Environmentalist, Lecturer, Conversationalist and most importantly a Photographer. He has inspired many
with his beautiful pictures of nature. He has inspired many to look at nature in a whole new way. Ansel Adams has influenced the way we look at nature.
Ansel Easton Adams was born on February 20th, 1902 in San Francisco to high class parents Charles Hitchcock Adams and Olive Bray Adams. His
mother Olive was from Maryland while his father migrated from Ireland to New England. In 1906 at the age of four, Ansel broke his nose in the
aftershock of the 1906 earthquake. Three hours after the initial earthquake, Ansel was thrown out a window into a... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most of Adams photos are black and white photos of Yosemite National Park. Fred Archer and Adams created the Zone System in 1939. The Zone
System is a photographic technique used to determine optimal film exposure and development. ("Ansel Adams").
Ansel Adams was a big environmentalist as well. He joined the Sierra Club at the age 0f 17 as a janitor for the LeConte Memorial Lodge. In 1928 he
became the club photographer. And was elected to the board of directors and stayed there for 37 years. The Sierra Club operated in Yosemite National
Park. A park that spreads 747,956 acres across the Mariposa, Tuolumne, and Madera Counties in Northern California. It is the third most visited park
across the U.S.("History: Ansel Adams""Yosemite National Park", "10 Most Visited National Parks–– National Geographic",).
He was also very active in the National Park Services. The National Park Service is an agency of the U.S. government that manages the U.S.
monuments, parks, and historical properties. He was against over development, and denomination. Overdevelopment is a way of seeing of seeing
global inequality. There are negative consequences to excessive consumption. Its counter is underdevelopment. Denomination is a name or designation
to classify a set of things.("Denomination","History: Ansel Adams","National Park

Evolution Of Wilderness
The journey to a better tomorrow
The journey, the experiences; memories, lessons, the steps to get to the destination from the beginning, has seldom been talked about through the
transformation of wilderness. However, the destination is well recognized throughout written history. During the Colonialization of America, there was
a belief of wilderness being the land of the devil (Nash, 2012). Which continued to evolve into a legal stance known as The Wilderness Act of 1964,
in which it describes wilderness as "area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements
or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions and which (1) generally appears to have been affected
primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man's work substantially unnoticeable; (2) has outstanding opportunities for solitude or a
primitive and unconfined type of recreation; (3) has at least five thousand acres of land or is of sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation
and use in an unimpaired condition; and (4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This definition better brings out the realization of the dangers of the wilderness, but it is still romanticized by using the words 'recreation' and 'use'. It is
essential to evaluate the evolution of wilderness by examining the beginning tangibility in the colonial time period, the romanticized outcome with
artists, poets and innovators, the legalization for the betterment of civilization, and the journey it took to achieve the glorified outcome of wilderness
through the personal accounts of Christopher McCandless in Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, and the autobiography of Cheryl Strayed in Wild: From
Lost to

Relfection of the American Environmental Movement...
American Counterculture Reflection The modern Environment Movement began with the passing of the Wilderness Act of 1964. The act established
a National Wilderness System and created 9 millions acres. The main influence and writer of the act Howard Zahniser, who felt that we needed
wilderness as it takes us away from technology that gives us perspective of mastering the environment rather than being a part of it (Nash, 2001). With
the passing of the act Americans questioned both preservation and conservation. A new culture emerged in America that rejected societal norms and
praised independence and freedom. This culture developed in the youth of America and sparked change in preservation growth and the overall outlook
of wilderness.
The "counterculture" developed during the 1960's into the 1970's and during this time period the American mindset questioned normal values and
institutions. Over half the population was under 25, many of whom associated themselves with the Hippie Movement. Hippies were all about rejecting
and rebelling against monumental societal institutions and were the focus group in the counterculture. The hippies set themselves apart from the
"stereotypical man" and wanted to be untamed and wild. They valued the beauty in naturalness and stripping away "the securities of civilization that
normally intervene between humans and elemental challenges (Nash, p. 267). They wanted independence and felt that the GNP was not the best
indicator of American success.

The Extinction Of Howard Zahniser Of The Wilderness Society
Wildlife extinction has always been a problem due to natural reasons, but Americans have greatly lessened the biodiversity through habitat destruction,
the use of pesticides and hunting. One example of an animal that almost went extinct was the bison due to over exploitation by hunters and the
growth of towns as the American population grew. Americans began to notice the lessening of species and realized they had to take a stand before it
was too late. In 1901, Theodore Roosevelt was elected as president, which completely shifted the perspective of Americans concerning wildlife
conservation. Roosevelt tripled the size of protected forests and creative a wildlife refuge to protect the fauna in America. In 1908, he made a
convincing speech... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This 1973 act reenforced the past laws by allocating land that would be conserved for wildlife and fish. This law required that a list be published of the
endangered species, so that people would know the animals are off limits. Representatives from eighty nations gathered together in Washington, D.C. to
sign this treaty, that prohibited international trade of endangered species. While signing the act, President Richard Nixon declared, "Nothing is more
priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed" (Bradford, page 1). This was a
humongous step in the preservation of wildlife and the fate of the wilderness is constantly improving, because people are prevented from killing
endangered species due to this law. Data on the effects of the Endangered Species Act shows that every species that has been put on the list of
endangered animals is still around today, so obviously this law has had an incredible impact on the wildlife in

Ethical Issues In The Land Ethic By Aldo Leopold
Analysis of ethical issue In his 1949 publication titled, "The Land Ethic", Aldo Leopold argued that the land ethic expanded the boundaries of the
community to also include water, soils, plant and animals. In the process, the land ethic shifts the position of Homo sapiens from being a conqueror to
being a citizen of the land community. The relationship that people develop with land in utilizing the Yellowstone National Park would raise concern
in the context of Leopold's view regarding the link between land and people (Leopold). The management of pack usage and preference often raise
ethical concerns. When confronted with choices between preservation and recreation, recreation has often been considered. Extermination of wolves
would seem logical

The Importance Of The National Park System
Although sites in the National Park System can sometimes be difficult to categorize due to their diversity, each site is given a designation that attempts
to best capture the nature and uses of site. As determined by Congress in 1970, all units within the system have equal legal standing. This means that all
sites within the National Park System have equal protection under the law. The National Park System falls under the purview of the Department of the
Interior.
Designations within the National Park System include:
* National Park* National Historical Park* National Recreation Area* National Parkway
* National Monument* National Memorial* National Seashore* National Trail
* National Preserve* National Battlefield* National Lakeshore* Affiliated Areas
* National Historic Site* National Cemetery* National River* Other Designations
Information on the National Park and National Monument designation are detailed in following pages. For more information on other designations,
please visit the National Park Service website here.
National Parks
In 1872, the first ever national park – Yellowstone (pictured to the right)– was established as a public good "for the benefit and enjoyment of the
people." Yellowstone's founding sparked a worldwide movement to preserve natural spaces for the enjoyment and enrichment of the public.
Though the concept of a "national park" first originated in the United States, today there over 1,000 parks in over 100 nations around the

Ideals And Controversies Of National Park Expansion
Ideals and Controversies of National Park Expansion Since the early 1920s to the 1970s, there has been a debate regarding the perceptions and
standards by which national parks should be established and limiting the expansion of national parks, limiting access for people living in urban
areas and threatening open spaces due to urban sprawl and over population. Gradually traditional perceptions gave way to the preservationists'
viewpoints which redefined and gradually expanded federal definition of national parks. This was to include areas that may not be extraordinarily
scenic but still required environmental protection or allowed recreational access for urban citizens, allowing for expansion and more funding. In
1872, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming became the first national park to be established by Congress and President Grant with the signing of
the Act of Dedication Law. "It followed that any national park established subsequently would be measured against Yellowstone's significance in
American culture." (Runte, 2010, p. 190) This is based on its impressive geological features, and majestic and monumental scenery. By the early
1900s, there was controversy surrounding the criteria as to what would define a national park, as President Roosevelt had signed in several tracts of
lands as national parks that did not hold scenic value, where not especially expansive tracts of land, and one was utilized as a gaming preserve by a
governmental branch. One proponent to the

Summary Of Rethinking The Wild By Christopher Solomon Essay
Humanity co–exists with nature in a relationship that periodically shifts between symbiotic and parasitic. We maintain this relationship in order to
survive. In exchange, we carefully monitor how our behavior alters the natural environment and affects those living within it. This responsibility is the
price we pay for our species' sentience and dominance. To help fulfill our duty, America established the 1954Wilderness Act in hopes of becoming
passive "guardians" of nature instead of encroaching "gardeners." However, the Wilderness Act has failed. In his article, "Rethinking the Wild",
Christopher Solomon questions the effectiveness of the law and correctly concludes that, after fifty years of dormancy, mankind must take an active
role in environmental protection, the role of the gardener. Though critics may argue that the passivity of the "guardian" should be maintained,
realistically, little can be done to preserve the environment when we refuse to do anything. Because mankind has a greater stake in the wilderness than
we realize, we must assume a proactive role in protecting the wilderness out of respect for nature and our own ethical standards.
Boundaries and Investments
Assume for the sake of our argument that nature holds no intrinsic value. Why, then, is the wilderness worth protecting? Truthfully, the wilderness can
be a valuable indicator of the planet's overall health, which is not easily gauged in industrialized and populated areas due to human influence. For

Oil Drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge Essay
Oil Drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge
The main issue presented in my research involves the debate between environmentalists and the United States government on whether to open and
develop a portion of the Artic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in the northern coastal plain of Alaska for the purpose of drilling for oil.
Environmentalists argue that opening up this region of ANWR to future oil drilling would destroy the current ecosystems, disrupt animal habitats and
adversely change the lives of the people in these local communities. Proponents of oil drilling in this region argue that all the issues presented by the
environmentalist groups are not valid and they have no scientific facts to support their argument. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These areas of concern to environmentalist include: (1) The protection of the Porcupine caribou herd, polar bears, musk oxen, grizzly bears and many
other forms of diverse wildlife that could be adversely affected by the oil exploration. (2) Preservation of the land itself and the local communities
culture that has supported a thousand generations of native Alaskans. (3) That there is only enough oil in this region to supply America's needs for six
months. The environmentalist and the proponents for oil drilling continue to pursue their arguments, each one deciding that their argument is more
popular to the American people. INTRODUCTION
The history of the Artic National Wildlife Refuge can be traced back to 1960. On December 6th, the Eisenhower administration signed Public Land
order No. 2214 which established the 8.9 million acre Artic National Wildlife range. In 1980, Congress passed and Jimmy Carter signed the landmark
Alaska National Interest Lands Conservative Act (ANILCA) that increased the protected area to 19.8 million acres, renamed the area to Artic
National Wildlife Refuge, and established the original 8.6 million acres as wilderness. However, in the process of getting this act passed, the oil
industry lobby succeeded in having the Senate refuge to designate the Coastal Plain as Wilderness. Section 1002 of the ANILCA legislation informed
the

Conservation and Preservation at the Turn of the 19th...
Conservation and Preservation at the Turn of the 19th Century
Missing Works Cited
The environmentalist movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries presents a picture of America at the time: torn between the desires to expand
while seeking to protect nature. Although all members of the movement sought to protect nature, there were two predominant schools as to how to go
about this. In their two philosophies, they created two methods for human interaction with the wilderness. The conservationist movement can be called
the utilitarian movement, and sought the greatest good for the greatest number over the longest term. In contrast, the preservationist school aimed at
keeping nature in its current state, although the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This networking would serve him later in life, but first he had to receive an education in forestry, something unavailable in America. Thus he traveled to
Germany to study forestry theory in Germany and England. The time spent in Europe formed the foundation of his beliefs on conservation and through
him those of the conservationist movement.
"Pinchot left Europe with some convictions about forestry. He had learned... that trees are a crop... Pinchot brought the gospel that forestry was the art
of using a forest without destroying it... [He] preached that through the use of proper methods a forest could be both harvested and preserved."
(McGeary 23) This conviction reveals the underlying theory to all of the conservation movement, that nature should be viewed in the confines of its
economic value. For example, Pinchot's policy did not allow for the continuation of old growth forests, but demanded that they be cut down and let
new trees to grow back in their place. "He clashed repeatedly during his career with conservationists who were basically devoted to preserving the
trees." (McGeary 87)
To understand where the motivation and passion to protect the environment was developed, one looks to the rapid deforestation of East Coast
old–growth forests at the turn of the century. "As Gifford Pinchot expressed it, 'The American Colossus was fiercely at work turning natural resources
into money.' 'A

Wilderness: History and Value Essay
Wilderness: History and Value
History
From the very beginning of this nation's history, wilderness has been a fundamental ingredient. The first European settlers found and battled against it
upon their arrival. The western explorers and wagon trains sought to wrestle farmland from the wilderness's grip to build cities, farms and homes. It was
not until the reality of its finite availability, that it was viewed as anything other than an opponent and menace. These changing attitudes began a new
battle for preservation and protection of the wilderness that remained. The nation's attitude transformation was testimony to a new focus and value for
wilderness. This new disposition declared that the preservation and maintenance of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They viewed the situation as a threat to development, further verifying their beliefs.
As the country aged, the lands west of the original colonies drew more curiosity and became the new focus of national development. With initiative
similar to that which condemned the undeveloped land and the Indians, explorers set forth, fueled by a perceived blessing from God and a notion
called Manifest Destiny (Kropf,1997). This ideal claimed that the Christian dominance of the nation was God ordained, therefore giving them license to
do as they saw fit. Their mission was to settle and subdue the wilderness in the West. During the western settlement, incidents like the discovery of gold
in California and small pox plagues which killed thousands of Indians propagated the ideals of Manifest Destiny. Throughout the nineteenth century,
Manifest Destiny was the driving force of westward expansion and the war on wilderness.
Wilderness Act of 1964
While all of the exploration and expansion continued, different areas gained recognition for their remarkable wild and scenic beauty. In the 1850's
Yosemite state reserve was recognized, and in 1872, Yellowstone was declared the first national park (Nash,1984). This area was preserved as a
"public park or pleasuring ground," to be kept "in the natural condition." Another significant step in national history and land preservation was the

America Needs To Preserve Natural Resources
Natural Resource Conservation In 1964, at the signing of the final Wilderness Act, President Lyndon B. Johnson said, "If future generations are to
remember us with gratitude rather than contempt, we must leave them something more than the miracles of technology" (Famous Quotes). The
Wilderness Act started with Theodore Roosevelt in 1901, who conserved 230 million acres of public land. The Act created the NationalWilderness
Preservation System (NWPS), which protects wilderness areas designated for preservation in their natural condition. Even though well planned
programs of preservation could cease the usage of nonrenewable natural resources, the conservation of the wilderness and natural resources through
laws and National/State Parks is the best approach to saving the land. Since 1964, the NWPS believe that preservation, not conservation, is the best
approach to saving natural resources. According to David Newton, a specialist in life sciences, if the government prevent the "cutting, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pipelines, similar to the Keystone Pipeline, stretch for miles under the earth's surface. Oil is toxic to living things and if leaked, can destroy crops
and like the oil spill off the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, contaminate fresh water springs, causing life forms to either get sick or die. If the government had
a better handle over the entirety of its land, the country would become a considerably better place to live. The debate over preservation and
conservation of the natural resources has been going on for almost a hundred years, with little conclusion. The government of the United States, along
with advocates from each state, need to reach a consensus to provide methods of conservation to the country that prevents wasteful usage of
nonrenewable and natural resources and leaves wilderness for later generations to

The Threat Of Global Warming
We are paying the consequences from past generation's inability to make the right but hard choices, in order to protect and preserve our environment.
The NRDC website lists the top global warming symptoms as melting glaciers, rising sea levels, severe weather patterns, the human health, and wildlife.
(Consequences of Global Warming). Drilling in ANWR would cause horrifying situations for the wildlife ecosystem and inescapable affects on life in
America and around the world, as we know it. In the National Wildlife Refuge Association's annual report and recommendations to the US Congress,
they revealed the astounding fact that, "The Artic Refuge is the only conservation system unit that protects, in an undisturbed condition, a complete...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8). The wildlife and undisrupted wilderness is interwoven in their culture, daily lives, and sense of themselves (Inkley, Kolton, p. 8). Sarah James, a
member of the Neets'all Gwich'in, Artic Village Gwich'in Steering committee, emphasized this connection, stating, "We are the Caribou
People...Caribou are not just what we eat; they are who we are. They are in our stories and songs and the whole way we see the world. Caribou are our
life. Without caribou we wouldn't exist" (Inkley, Kolton, p. 8). As oil drilling in ANWR would inevitably disrupt and threaten the safety and existence
of the caribou, it would disrupt and threaten the safety and, as Sarah emphasizes in her last statement, herself and her villages' existence. The
abundance of wildlife within the diverse ANWR ecosystem is the beating heart of our natural global environment, with an immeasurable amount of
importance with regards to our environments interconnectivity. With over 8 marine mammal species and 42 species of fish, the robust ANWR
ecosystem provides the uninterrupted conservation and preservation required for these species spawning rituals, in order to maintain the fish
population necessary for our mass fishing industry, that we have become so accustomed to in the lower 48 (Inkley, Kolton, p. 8). An enormous portion
of the fish we consume is Alaskan salmon; whose spawning ground environment ANWR oil

Environmental Conservation Unit 511
Throughout Wilderness 511 the class learns to grasp the aspects between conservation and preservation. The terms in general seem to be quite similar
and closely related, but once the examples are brought to the table the two terms are easily understood. When talking about conservation and
preservation the end conclusion talks about saving the wilderness and nature around us. Conservation can be defined as " a careful preservation and
protection of something; especially: planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect"(dictionary.com). In
other words, conservation is taking the action of preserving. Preservation can be defined as "to keep alive or in existence; make
lasting"(dictionary.com). A... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In class we learned about Yellowstone National Park and the battle to preserve it. Yellowstone National Park was established in 1872 as the first
national park, and was made up of two million acres (Class notes). In the early stages of this becoming a National Park it was not done so to save
the parks nature and animals, it was done so to show how useless to civilization this land was. This process overcame many challenges, the biggest
one being the railroads and the private industries (Class notes). Adirondack State Park was also a major topic when speaking about preservation.
In 1885 Adirondack Forest was chose to be preserved due to its high demand of water supply for New York. Not only was this important because it
was a major water source but it was also the first state park to be named as so! It was made up of over 3 million acres and was preserved as
protected wilderness in 1894 (Class notes). At this point in time it was shown that preservation was becoming worth it. Preservation was gaining
political support all over the United States. Adirondack State Park started being recognized as utilitarian benefits because it was preserving the water
supply, and being preserved for recreational use (Class notes). Today, there

Why Was Ansel Adams Important In Protecting The Environment
Preservation for other open places and spaces worthy of protection continued in the early 20th century. Herbert Gleason, Ansel Adams, and other
photographers were hired by the government to assess and photograph potential places for inclusion in the national park system as part of the
back–to–nature movement to preserve wilderness and conservation of natural resources (see Cahn & Ketchum, 1981; Dilsaver & Tweed, 2009;
Nicholas, Bapis, & Harvey, 2003). In the years leading up to World War I, the national parks also were used as part of propaganda to build patriotism.
"Government officials placed articles about the national parks in leading magazines, including the National Geographic and the Saturday Evening Post.
They published and distributed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed other photographers are important for their photographs of land and nature. Notably, Adams is the most prolific contributor and documenter of
the land, at least, that is, in America. It is, after all, Ansel Adams's studio, home and legacy. Although Adams did focus on critically exposing social
problems in society and remedy them, he was influential in shaping conservation legislation for open places and spaces in America. While the 1950s
was not a time to "go green," Adams understood then, just as photographers do now words are not enough. The public needs to see the beauty in the
natural world and the impact our actions have on others and Earth's natural resources. The significance of Adams's work is as indisputable then as it is
now and his contributions continue to shape society's view of the land, nature, and our place in it. Adams' photography is celebrated for encouraging
the public to appreciate and protect America's natural resources and wilderness areas. He championed the places he photographed and was a leading
advocate for the U.S. National Parks. In retrospect, Adams was the father of conservation photography later honored by the Sierra Club instituting the
Ansel Adams Conservation Photography Award in his

Yosemite Outdoor Recreation Activity
With the rise of city living, many felt a sense of loss and disconnect with nature. The public trend for more outdoor recreational activities increased
during this time too. In response, the government, railroad owners as well as operators of tourist destinations hired artists and photographers to create
print materials that promoted land for leisure, retreat and places for all to enjoy (Elliot, 2006; Meister, Chamberlain & Brown, 2006; Porter, 2013;
Spaulding, 1995). Photos along with postcards and other materials used symbolic representations of nature to promote open spaces and places for
leisure. They constructed a narrative whereby Americans traveled to national parks and wilderness areas as an escape from deep economic pursuits. Like
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Lyndon Johnson responded with the launch of the Great Society that consisted of several government programs focused on education,
health, urban issues, transportation and the environment. Key environmental legislation passed such as the Clean Air Act of 1963 and Wilderness Act
in 1964, which authorized the Highway Trust Fund to finance the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 that allocated funds to federal,
state and local agencies for outdoor spaces and leisure activities. Additional legislation included the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965; Motor Vehicle
Air Pollution Control Act of 1965; National Historic Preservation Act of 1966; Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966; National Trails System
Act of 1968; Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968; and National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. The U.S. Department of Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) also established the Advanced Research Projects Administration (ARPAnet) in 1969, an experimental network that
linked distant government computers to a network capable of surviving a nuclear war so scientists and government agencies could share information
across the country. However, the war never came and ARPANET evolved into what we know today as the Internet. As I argue later, creating these
entities are significant

Managing Environmental Policy and Philosophy

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