Sandwich Generation: Issues and Challenges
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Sandwich generation is a generation of people, typically in their thirties or forties, responsible both for bringing up their own children and for the care of their aging parents.
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Sandwich Generation: Issues and Challenges
- 1. Sandwich Generation Issues and Challenges Dr Wan Rosmawati Wan Ismail (P92517) Dr Abdul Rahman Ramdzan (P92524) Dr Mohd Shafik Abd Majid (P92523) 1
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Total population of Malaysia was 23.3 Million in year 2000 and increased to 31.2 Million in year 2016 (DOSM 2016). 2
- 3. 1960s 1980s 2000 • married young • remained married • had many children • Married later • Fewer children • access to legal right • Education • birth control • paid work Nucleus family with many children Nucleus family with fewer children Extended family • married later • Fewer children • Married much later • Single • Fewer/no children Extended family – increased economic demands + ageing population 2010 • In 2010, population aged 15 years and over who were never married were 35.1 per cent (male 37.5% & female 32.2%) while those who were married were 59.6 per cent Family structure 3
- 4. Sandwich Generation (Wiemers & Bianchi, 2015) • Life expectancy increases • Parents have fewer children -> fewer siblings with whom to share the burden. • Women are having children at later ages, so their parents are older, but their children are still young. 4
- 5. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU, Singapore • One in five working-age Asians is now a member of sandwich generation group. 5
- 6. Malaysia • Sandwich generation is still an unfamiliar term in the society • They concerned on work-family dilemma without realizing they got to balance between parents and kids within their family first. Asian cultures & tradition Children agreeing it was their responsibility to care for their aged parents in same time to grow their children 6
- 7. • Today, sandwich generation situation was common in the Malaysian household - Malaysian Healthy Ageing Society Adviser Prof Dr. Nathan Vytialingam • The participation of women in the employment creates a dual-income family structure. • In year 2008 the female labor force participation rate is 42 percent and increased to 54.1 percent in year 2015. 7
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- 10. Issues 10
- 12. Financial strain DOSM 2017 12
- 13. 13
- 14. Ability to provide basic need? DOSM 2017 14
- 16. Stress Caregivers for two very different age groups have a lot of responsibility. Sandwichers must be there for those they care for physically and emotionally. They’re likely under a lot of stress that isn’t discussed because they’re so busy attending to others. 16
- 17. Depression Feel emotionally and physically drained most days. But, they continue not to talk about it to remain strong for their family members. With little time to take care of themselves, Sandwichers may neglect their hobbies and interest These factors combined can easily spiral into depression. They do not seek the emotional support necessary for their health. Unfortunately, caregivers can battle mental illness for a long time with it going unnoticed. 17
- 18. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU, Singapore 18
- 19. 19 Sandwich generation Men Women Financial Mental health Emotional Physical Occupational risk Marriage problem Poor communication No personal time Coping
- 20. 20
- 21. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Singapore 21
- 22. 22 Sandwich generation Men Women Financial Mental health Emotional Physical Occupational risk Marriage problem Health Mental health Obesity NCD – DM, HPT Pregnant – SGA Hospital admission
- 23. Challenges 23
- 24. Economic trends of Malaysia Malaysian Economy • Unemployment rate remain stable 3.5 • Graduate unemployment has increase more sharply since 2011; 4.1% • Global food price rose by 8% 24
- 25. Economic trends of Malaysia Inflation • An increase in the general price of goods and services in a country that is accounted for in the form of annual percentage changes. • This means that the value of goods and services prices will increase over time. • Headline inflation increase to 3.7 in 2017 25
- 26. Example of Inflation For example the price of item X is RM 100.00 • In January 2017, The inflation rate is 3% • Value of Item X (RM 100.00) • Now increased by 3% (RM 3.00) RM 103.00 • In February 2017, The inflation rate is 4.5% • Value of Item X (RM 103.00) • Now increased by 4.5% (RM 4.64) RM 107.64 • In March 2017, The inflation rate is 5% • Value of Item X (RM 107.64) • Now increased by 5% (RM 5.38) RM 113.02 26
- 27. In 2017, inflation was driven mainly by higher domestic fuel prices 27
- 28. • In 2017, Inflation contributed from the transport and food and non-alcoholic beverages categories. 28
- 29. Economic trends of Malaysia Definition of affordability of basic needs • The concept of a ‘minimum acceptable’ standard of living goes beyond being able to afford the necessities, such as food, clothing, and shelter. 29
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- 37. Government budged allocation • Bantuan Perubatan • Pembinaan 5 hospital dan hospital wanita & kanak-kanak [2016,2017] • Pembinaan Klinik Kesihatan, Klinik Desa and Klinik 1 Malaysia [2016,2017] • Bantuan perubatan bagi pesakit hemodialysis [2016] • Pembelian mesin hemodialysis di premis swasta [2017] • Pembekalan ubat, ‘consumables’, vaksin dan lain-lain [2016,2017] • Bantuan perubatan kepada 10 ribu pesakit kurang berkemampuan • Saringan mamogram dan vaksinasi HPV secara percuma 37
- 38. 38
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- 40. Recommendation Raise awareness on sandwich generation Educate community on financial management Promote healthy ageing 40
- 41. ARE WE SANDWICH GENERATION? 41
Editor's Notes
- Malaysia is expected to experience the population ageing in 2020, when the percentage of the population aged 65 years and over reaches 7.2 per cent. Globally all regions of the world experience the demographic transition where there is a changes from high levels of mortality and fertility to low levels. Malaysia also has undergone the demographic changes.
- "a group of two or more people who reside together and who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. Each type of family (e.g., married with kids, married with no kids, single-parent with young children and others) is associated with different economic, child, and health outcomes “(US census bureau) The mean age at first marriage for males are 28.0 years (26.6) & females 25.7 years (23.5) (DOSM 2010)
- The middle-aged generation who have elderly parents & dependent children where more men and women in their 40s and 50s are finding themselves “sandwiched” into a position of simultaneously parenting their kids & “parenting their parents.” more middle-aged people tend to have parents who are still alive. Recent demographic trends toward increased longevity and young adults taking longer to transition to adulthood have resulted in an increase over time in the number of people who may face competing demands on their time and finances from two generations of family (Wiemers & Bianchi, 2015).
- A study done by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in Singapore shows that
- Parents support ratio is the measurement used to measure the extent of sandwich generation
- In Malaysia, women are most affected as the sandwich generation.
- There are important appointments to remember, routine care to provide, and emotional support to give. If a child has a rough day at school, her dad talks her through it. If his elderly father needs help getting out of bed, he’s there for him. It’s a constant tug-of-war with a lot of pressure to always be there for the ones who need it. A caregiver’s needs aren’t always as obvious as those they care for.
- With everything the Sandwich Generation does for family members, it’s easy for them to get left behind. They’re faced with a constant balancing act between their own well-being and those they care for. Often, their family members win.
- https://www.simplyhealth.co.uk/sh/pages/healthy-you/yougov-everyday-health-tracker-3-stress.jsp
- Economic trends of Malaysia Affordability Malaysian Economy Inflation
- This standard of living should include the ability to meaningfully participate in society, the opportunity for personal and family development, and freedom from severe financial stress. At the same time, it should reflect needs, not wants. It does not capture the cost of lifestyle, which is the spending to fulfil the desires for an aspirational living standard
- Bantuan Kewangan Bantuan anak daripada keluarga miskin (RM 100 – 450 sebulan) [2016] Bantuan keluarga miskin [2017]: Bantuan AM: RM 300 sebulan Bantuan kanak-kanak: Sehingga RM 450 sebulan Bantuan warga emas miskin (RM 300 sebulan) [2016] Menubuhkan 8 buah pusat aktiviti warga emas baru [2017] Subsidi Gas memasak [2017] Subsidi bil elektrik [2017] Diskaun pinjaman PTPTN [2017]
- Bantuan Persekolahan dan Makanan Bantuan RM 100 kepada pelajar sekolah (Pendapatan < RM 3000) [2016,2017] Bantuan makanan bagi murid miskin (eKasih) – Breakfast + break hour [2016] Bantuan makanan tambahan tabika/taska [2017] Bantuan makanan tambahan di asrama [2017] Biasiswa: JPA, KPM, KPT, KKM [2016,2017] Program bantuan voucher Buku[2016] Kad debit pelajar [2017] Pendidikan pra-sekolah percuma [2017]
- Program pemilikan rumah [2016,2017] PR1MA, SPNB, PPA1M, PPR, Skim pembiayaan deposit rumah pertama
- Pelepasan Cukai [2016,2017]: Bawah RM 2000 bagi setiap anak dibawah 18 tahun Bawah RM 4000 bagi individu pasangan tidak mempunyai pendapatan Bawah RM 1500 ibu dan RM 1500 bapa bagi mengurangkan kos saraan anak yang menyara ibu bapa Bawah RM 8000 bagi setiap anak berumur 18 tahun ke atas yang melanjutkan pengajian Bawah RM 1000 bagi pembelian peralatan penyusuan ibu Bawah RM 1000 bagi ibubapa hantar kanak kanak 6 tahun kebawah ke pusat asuhan kanak kanak Bawah RM 7000 Bagi pembayaran yuran pengajian
- Awareness on sandwich generation Educate on financial management Healthy ageing