China Marine Essay

China Marine Essay
The book China Marine by E. B. Sledge was a biography about the life of E.B. Sledge as a Marine
during his guard duty in North China. During the Pacific War, Sledge tired of waiting for his
academic degree and officer's commission. He decided to leave Georgia Tech and enlisted in the
Marine to join the war. In 1944, he survived from Peleliu and Okinawa War. Those were murderous
battles and he was in the front lines as an infantryman serving in a rifle company of the First Marine
Division. After the strong fought with Japanese soldier, on 14 August 1945, Japanese had
surrendered unconditionally and the World War II was over. Sledge and his marines' comrades felt
blessed after they heard that announcement. They thought that they would be ... Show more content
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Moreover, when they arrived at the first time at Peiping, the US Marine group had parades and
people surged into streets to shake their hands and show their pro–American sentiments. For
Sledge's comrades, it was a truly a "victory parade" for them and they enjoyed it immensely.
Despites civilian named US Marines as a hero; in the other side, US Marines felt like they were
being exploited after so much combat service. Combat veterans in China were rotated home at such
a slow pace while other troops with lesser service in safe places were going home. "The major
explained that the Marines had a critical mission in North China" (Sledge 113). Some incidents
occurred between US Marines and China communist. Incident at Lang Fang, while the First marine
division's original assignment was to disarmed and repatriates Japanese troops, but when the
situation becomes more chaotic, many of the US Marine got attacked by Communist. "Too many
Marines who fought in World War II and wanted to go home, now they ended up get killed in
Chinese civil war" (Sledge 39). Most of them died while they were protecting a bridge or railroad
track in the wasteland of northern China. Sledge found some of the most helpful during his time in
North China. First, the price for living in China was really cheap for Americans, for example,
"during the first few days in Peiping, a
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The Democracy And Human Rights
For as long as it has existed, the Chinese government has been power hungry, They have limited the
freedom of citizens so that they can make the decisions themselves, such as not allowing citizens to
vote for government officials. Instead, officials are simply appointed by others in government.
Citizens want reform, protests have occurred across the country for change to a democratic system
so that citizens can finally elect the people that represent them. This would give citizens more
power, but as result, take some away from the government, which they do not want. The Chinese
government needs to listen to their citizens and change to a democratic system to give them more
freedom and make them happier. The status of democracy and human rights in China is not where it
could be. Both are limited in the following ways. According to Noah Berlatsky, "China's
government is authoritarian and undemocratic. Leaders are for the most part appointed and not
elected. Media in China are regulated, and protest against the government is strictly limited"
(Berlatsky). This means that the citizens of China do not have the ability to influence who is elected.
The already appointed government officials decide and appoint others. The Chinese government
also strictly limits protesting. There is a popular practice known as Falun Gong, which includes
exercises and the study of several books. This was founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992, and by 1998, it
had 70 million practitioners. The Chinese

Cause And Effects Of The Boxer Rebellion
In the Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901), a violent anti–foreign and anti–Christian uprising, the fighting
had largely ended with the relief of the besieged Legation Quarter in Peking on the afternoon of 14
August 1900. Peking, Tianjin and other cities in northern China were occupied for more than a year
by the international expeditionary force. Atrocities of foreign troops went on rampantly, including
wholesale looting, raping, and killing.
Journalist George Lynch observed that "this Western civilization of ours is merely a veneer of
savagery..." (7) Following the capture of Peking by the foreign armies, the Qing imperial court
(headed by the Empress Dowager Cixi) agreed to sign the 1901 Boxer Protocol aka Peace
Agreement with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aim of the Tongmenghui revolutionaries, led by Dr Sun, was to overthrow the foreign Qing
dynasty and Manchu rule, to recover Chinese nationhood and modernize China. The ancient and
obsolescent Qing regime in terminal decline finally collapsed 4 months and 2 days after the
launching of the Xinhai Revolution in the city of Wuchang, Hubei province, at 7.00 p.m. on Tuesday
10 October 1911 (19th day of the 8th lunar month in the year of the pig). However, the Republican
period (February 1912 to October 1949) was to undergo a dozen years of warlordism (1916–28),
Chiang Kai–shek's suppression campaigns against the Chinese Communists in the early 1930s until
late 1936, and Japanese aggression (1931–1945) during which the Marco Polo Bridge incident of 7
July 1937 triggered World War II in East Asia. Japanese aggression ended with the Japanese
surrender in mid–August 1945, shortly after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima (6 August) and
Nagasaki (9 August).

What Is Lowi's Proposed Three-Party Policy Typology?
Since Lowi (1964) first proposed three–party policy typology– distributive, regulatory and
redistributive, policy typology has been a widely used theoretical framework to describe and explain
public policy processes. In his theoretical scheme, policy actors with specific expectations on policy
outputs and outcomes would interact with each other in a more or less conflicting way, an argument
that was supported by the review of 17 case studies in the context of American politics (Lowi, 1964;
1972). That is, community structures of policy coalition might vary across policy types. Built on the
premise that different types of policy might shape specific political structures and relationships,
recent research primarily focused on either developing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since Lowi first published his paper, party polarization has become more severe. It is unknown
whether most policies are framed as bipartisan cleavage nowadays. If this is the case, policy
typology might have weaker explanatory power. Moreover, we have no certain answer on whether
Lowi's argument could be generalized outside the American context. Especially, electoral systems
vary across countries. In American, only one candidate for members of Congress is elected from a
single electoral district; some countries have multiple legislators from the same electoral district.
The difference between institution incentives might affect politician's preference for particular
policy outcomes, and then would contribute to a political dynamic Lowi might not anticipate.
Without taking these issues into account, we might misunderstand the real political dynamic, so that
overestimated the effect of policy typology. In practical, we might be able to take actions to make
changes on policy coalition formation if institution does

The Rise Of The Chinese Revolution
"Let her sleep, for when she wakes she will shake the world." This statement was once said by
Napoleon Bonaparte, a French military and political leader, indicating that China was a resting
giant. During the past decades, China had lacked development on some aspects such as governance
and it seemed that its movement were backwards. Corruptions, injustices, lack of efficiency and
productivity; these are the objects and reasons that hindered China from growing and being united.
There had been an abundant number of revolts, wars and uprisings that took place in China during
its revolution years and the product of these can be classified as positive or negative outcome
depending on one's point of view. The Chinese revolutionaries made a gigantic impact on their
history and they have proven that the power of the people is stronger than the people in power. This
paper presents an overview of the circumstances after the revolution took place, the abolishment of
the imperial China, the rise of the Republic and the conflict between the Nationalist and Communist
Party.
The main discussion of the topics will be started by a brief discussion during the late Qing dynasty.
The revolutionaries, led by Sun Yatsen and Huang xing revolted against the Qing due to the endless
corruption and its efficiency as an empire. One of the uprising was the Wuchang Uprising, it took
place on 10 October 1911 in Hubei province. The southern provinces subsequently declared their
independence from the Qing

A Brief Note On The Chinese Civil War
This essay examines the Chinese Civil War between 1945–49, which resulted in the victory of the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) over Chiang Kai–Shek and the Kuomintang (GMD) and the
founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Many historians have attributed the
victory of the communists to social, political and economic reasons how this ultimately won them
war, however other reasons need to be taken into account when discussing the victory of the
communists such as the transformation of its armed forces into a conventional army. With this in
mind, however it was arguably the Japanese invasion that best explains to why the communists
eventually won the war.
It could be argued that one of main reasons that the CCP eventually ... Show more content on
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The second approach the CCP took was the orders instructed to the army were to be kind and
understanding to the peasants, thus gaining rapport and affiliation with them. The Red army's code
of conducts included "Do not damage crop" and "Pay fairly for what you buy" presents the
impression that they are the protectors of the peasantry class. Furthermore it shows that the CCP
understood to take control over the government of China, it was necessary to gain the majority of
support from the peasants.
In contrast, the KMT remained distant from the majority of the populace and was never really able
to establish rapport. In fact the KMT were widely known as brutal and incompetent as the army had
a reputation for being poor discipline , Derek Bryan claims that people felt "The Kuomintang armies
had done nothing to change the soliders reputation for bad behaviour" indicates this . Furthermore,
General Joseph Stiwell (American wartime liaison officer at the time 1948), characterised the KMT
under Chiang Kai–Shek as "Greed, corruption, favouritism ... terrible waste of life". This also
reflected how foreigners shared a similar view with the Chinese people about the KMT government.
On the other hand, as noted before the CCP were deemed as honest and efficient in its
administration. Thus, many citizens were not hesitant in switching sides because of the KMT
corruptions and incompetence. The CCP had created effective political structure and

Research Paper On Mao Zedong
Ian Racho
Mr. Saleeba
English IV
10 October 2017
MAO ZEDONG
Mao Zedong is a figure who is possibly one of the most controversial yet important leaders in
modern history. He is known for modernizing China from a struggling republic to a powerful world
power with the influence of communism. Often seen as one of the most brutal dictators to have ever
lived, Mao Zedong was also seen as a poet, a soldier, and a statesmen who brought China to new
heights through industrial growth and spreading communist influence throughout Asia.
Born in 1893 in the farming community of Shaoshan, Mao was born into in adequate life in contrast
to other struggling farmers of the region. At that time, China was a shell of its former glory when
was led by the Qing dynasty who did not do anything to thrust the nation to better heights. Mao's
nationalistic outlook and desire for a stronger China is what eventually led him to join the
Kuomintang nationalist party led by Sun Yat–sen which managed to overthrow the monarchy and
turn China into a republic in 1912. After completing school as a certified teacher in 1918, Mao heard
of the successful revolution in Russia which established the Soviet Union. Mao saw communism as
a plausible way to make China even stronger and he became a major leader in the Chinese
Communist Party. Despite supporting the Kuomintang government and the CCP at the same time,
Mao eventually adopted Vladimir Lenin's ideals and rose up in power within the party. This was

Governmental Systems of China
The country of China throughout the last century has experienced a large and significant variety of
governmental systems, from historical to contemporary. From the Manchu Empire which focused on
Confucianism to the current Communist Party of the People's Republic of China, the government of
China has changed drastically throughout the years, ultimately contributing to the country that China
is today. It is significant to understand that the changes made in the governmental system were so
drastic, that they stretched from the Mainland all the way to Taiwan and Hong Kong. The beginning
empires of the governmental system in China were certainly different than the country's modern day
government. The first empire can be traced back to the year 221 B.C. in which the Qin Dynasty was
ruling. The dynasty was formed by an emperor named Qin Shi Huang, after the state of Qin
conquered six other states in China. The dynasty had a goal in mind to create an imperial state which
was unified by a higher political power with a strong economy. This goal was important to the
leaders in order to maintain a strong military power in the country. The Qin Dynasty also wanted
control over the peasantry, which allowed the Great Wall of China to be built. The purpose of
building the Great Wall of China was to put an end to the raids of the nomadic central Asians from
the north. From the leadership of the Qin came a system of writing, as well as a creation of many
roads and other public

Rise of Communism in China
Rise of Communism in China
Introduction
The main reason why the Communists came to power in China was because of the failing policies
and actions used by Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalists) of which the CCP (Chinese Communist
Party) took advantage. However in addition to that, there were also significant factors such as the
poor conditions during the beginning of the twentieth century in the Republic of China and the
Japanese War (1937 – 1945), that led to the insufficiency and weakness of the GMD (Chinese
Democratic Party) during the Civil War. Their leader, Chiang Kai–Shek, lost the support of the
majority, mainly peasants and intellectuals, to the CCP, which contributed to their success in war. In
addition to GMD's actions, Mao ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the beginning the GMD sought to bring about a democratic revolution. Their socialist leader, Sun
Yatsen, therefore introduced three principles, Nationalism, Democracy and People's livelihood. His
idea of Nationalism consisted of a strong central government, which would have had to be able to
force out foreign influence and restore independence of China. Democracy was Sun's attempt to
secure liberty and equality, in a country, which previously had a long history of imperial dynastic
rule. In addition to this he demanded a fair distribution of wealth such as land and reflection of
people's livelihood. It became obvious that there was no harmony in the Chinese society. Mainly the
warlords and foreigners increasingly contributed to the division of the country. In addition, the
privileged classes established an opposition.
Chiang Kai–Shek
After Sun Yatsen's death in 1925, Chiang Kai–Shek (also a GMD member) took over GMD
leadership, confronting his problems in a more aggressive way than Sun Yatsen did. General Chiang
Kai–Shek mainly concentrated on the military unification and reforms were regarded of a minor
importance. Already, in 1927 he dictated a massacre in the city of Shanghai where 6000 communists
were ruthlessly killed. Due to this, the left wing GMD members split. Chiang organized his own
nationalist government at Nanjing, in 1928. He

Chinese Civil War : The Wuchang Uprising
Due to many economic issues in China, including the devastating effects of the Opium Wars of
European imperialism, the Wuchang Uprising, followed by the Xinhai Rebellion, occurred and led
to the Qing Dynasty 's fall in 1911 (Szczepanski; "Wuchang"). Soon after, the Kuomintang (Chinese
Nationalist Party), under the leadership of Sun Yat–sen, established the Republic of China, but it did
not stop the centralized political power in China from becoming dismantled and fragmented into
many warlord factions fighting to gain control of the country ("Overview"). Another political party,
the Chinese Communist Party, formed in attempts to reunify China as well ("Chinese Civil"). At
first, the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party worked together (with a bitter rivalry), but
eventually the conflicts in how China should be governed conflicted and resulted in a violent civil
war ("Chinese Civil"; "Overview").
The leader of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai–shek, started to clash against the communists as he felt
the communists were not following in Sun Yat–sen 's footsteps ("Overview"). In April of 1927, the
Kuomintang killed and arrested many communist party members at Shanghai in an event known as
the Shanghai Massacre ("Chinese Civil"; Kucha, Llewellyn). Additionally, the communists almost
lost the civil war during the Long March in 1934, where they were forced to retreat into the
northwestern part of China by the Kuomintang. This was also when Mao Zedong started to emerge
as a major

How Did The Chinese Revolution Change The World
Revolutions, we can safely say, are a historical constant. The human desire for change and the will
to fight for one's future have led to revolutions of varying size and scope since the earliest of ancient
times. The 20th century too saw revolutions of all kinds. And yet, of the many revolutions that
marked the past century of human history, very few had such effects and such impact as the Chinese
Communist Revolution of 1949, or the War for Liberation, as many Chinese know it. Truly, the
revolution of 1949 has dramatically changed the world, both in an economic and political context
and beyond. It has forever changed not only China, but the very Chinese nation, and paved the way
for her to become one of the giant global players of today. But scholars often challenge the
communist nature of the revolution, stating that, while it was the communists who led it, the
revolution itself was in many ways not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the chief actors were the Communists, the roots of their revolution lay in Sun Yat–sen and his
fight for Chinese nationhood. And while the CCP did preach and implement many policies that fall
left on the political scale, such as tax and rent reduction, and introduced the peasantry to mass
democracy, one must not forget that most of their members joined their ranks due to foreign threats,
but also the incapability and authoritarian rule of Chiang Kai–shek and his nationalists. The CCP
were simply the most suitable candidate for the masses to turn to. In conclusion, while it could be
still debated whether it was communism that triumphed, or the nationalism that gave birth to the
revolution, but one thing is certain – the people were the true victors, having fought off foreign
invaders and domestic tyrants, they have emerged a strong nation. In the end, 1949 could be
described as either nationalist or communist, but it is first and foremost – the Chinese

What Is The Positive Impact Of Broadcast Journalism
CNJ 319 Final Exam – Leixi Wang – 746 words
If there is one thing I believe in is that journalism, specifically broadcast journalism, helped greatly
in the advancement of communications technologies and vice versa. With the introduction of radio
and television, the hunger for more information and accessing the information quicker grew
tremendously. Maybe not the best time in terms of world peace, but with the drive to spread the
information out as fast and as widely as possible, it did help drive for a better further, a more
peaceful future where people received the information first hand and from many different angles.
Even with these technological advancements, it was not always a positive impact on the journalism
front, and I will analyze the pros and cons in this paper.
With the invention of the telegraph, proving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the television was introduced to the general public at around WWII time, where it slowly took
over the radio as the preferred method broadcasting. With television the benefit of having the image
right in front of the viewer brings in more realism to the news, it gives the viewer a better feel of
actually being in the moment. This also changed the way journalism worked, as the journalists came
from the guys doing the background work and writing the scripts to actually being seen on television
or heard on radio.
Over–ally technology has brought around more positives than negatives for the journalism industry,
growing the audience base to number that could not have been possible with just newspaper, it also
provided easier ways to engage the viewers and listeners as especially in the 19th and early 20th
century there were still many people that could not read. As technology is continuously impacting
journalism now and into the future, there's a chance to see more interesting gadgets that will gauge
the user's interest in

Why Did Mao Rise to Power in China?
Why did Mao rise to power in China?
"Communism is not love. Communism is a hammer which we use to crush the enemy. "Mao Zedong
clearly referring to the Kuomintang.
After a bitter civil war (1946–1949), which faced the major Chinese parties Kuomintang and CCP,
Kuomintang's defeat, evidenced with Chiang's and 200.000 people´s fled to Formosa, Mao Zedong
(1893–1976), born in Shoshan, Hunan, proclaimed the new People´s Republic of China with himself
as both Chairman of the CCP and President of the republic in October 1949. How did the under
numbered and weak CCP, founded by the same person in 1921 manage to survive several
extermination campaigns and re–organize the party to win the civil war, crushing opposition and
establish the Chinese ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later Japanese intervention of Manchuria saved the Communist Party, forcing the Kuomintang to
decide their priorities: Declare war to Japan or put all effort in defeating the CCP. As they prioritized
crushing the Communist Party, they were seen as unpatriotic and traitors, enabling Japanese forces
to penetrate deep into the country, summiting locals to torture and humiliation, creating hate towards
the Chinese government as they were blamed for their miserable living standards. Furthermore, the
Nationalists located in Northern areas had to face war on two fronts, weakening final attack on CCP.
Being able to survive several extermination campaigns starting in 1928 by the Nationalists, they
used the excellent opportunity such as with the warlords to boost their popularity and nationalism by
defeating and reconquering Japanese areas by using cautious guerrilla tactics and finally the
Hundred Regiments Battle campaign in 1940, saving local peasants, who would get land due to the
ambitious Land Reform from Japanese influence and Kuomintang´s incompetence. Without foreign
intervention, it would have been more complex to get in power, as the country would have lacked of
instability with the warlord era and the Kuomintang would possibly have had defeated the CCP,
saving them from a two–front war and people´s discontent of

Essay about The Fall of the Kuomintang to the Chinese...
In 1949 the Chinese Communist Party (CPP) beat the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War
becoming the reigning regime in China. The new communist leadership drastically changed China's
future. Today the CCP remains in power in China, shaping every aspect of Chinese society.
Academics like Chalmers Johnson argue that the CCP's ability to mobilize Chinese peasants
ultimately led to the CCP's victory. This paper will supplement Johnson's argument by examining
how KMT economic, military, and ideological missteps led to the CCP's victory.
The Chinese Civil War started in 1927 when the KMT ended their partnership with the CCP during
the Northern Expedition, an effort aimed at unifying all of China under one political rule. The war
ended ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because the CCP had no contractual obligation to Chinese citizens, the CCP was able gain support
from economic successes and go unnoticed in the case of economic failures. Therefore, being in
power going into the war was actually a disadvantage for the KMT. China's deteriorating economy
during the war and the KMT's poor economic planning began to unravel Chinese citizens' trust and
faith in the KMT's ability to govern. The KMT's most damaging economic misstep was inflation and
the government's inability to respond with policy measures. During the Second Sino–Japanese War,
the KMT was cut off from coastal cities by the Japanese invaders. These coastal city taxes were a
main source of revenue for the KMT government. In order to makeup for the deficit, the government
began to print money. The KMT faced a lot of criticism from the Chinese people for rising inflation.
The Chinese people's disdain for their government grew even more when the KMT was unable to fix
their inflation mistake and began to implement a string of ineffective and damaging economic
policies. In order to combat the rising inflation, the KMT implemented multiple contradictory and
ineffective economic policies. For example, the KMT oscillated between expansion and suspension
of credit. The KMT also continued to implement a tax system that discouraged the starting of
businesses, while encouraging corrupt behavior. Additionally, the KMT's economic policies focused
on giving advantages to

The Impact Of The Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino–Japanese War was a bloody experience to both China and Japan. The aggression
of Japan in Second Sino–Japanese War eventually broke out the Pacific War and dragged China into
the Second World War. There were various significant incidents occurred during the Second Sino–
Japanese War, thus, became the most controversial issues since then in the Sino–Japanese
relationship. This chapter will focus on some contentious incidents during the Second Sino–
Japanese War and the Second World War.
One of the prime issues during this period is the Nanjing Massacre, or sometimes known as the
'Rape of Nanjing'. It shows the brutality of Japanese military and the unforgivable and unforgettable
incident among the Chinese. The act of whitewashing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the end of the 1990s, there was a 'baodiao [保釣, which means defending Diaoyu]' campaign
which emerged in mainland China (He, 2007 14). In March, 2004, these 'baodiao' activists actually
succeeded in landing on the Senkaku islands (He, 2007, 14) (Yukio, 2012), as an act to protest the
claims from Japan. These 'baodiao' movement is associated with the anti–Japanese movement. They
also registered as a formal organization, known as the China Federation for Defending the Diaoyu
Islands (CFDD) in Hong Kong and established its headquarters in Beijing (He, 2007, 14). The
Senkaku islands' dispute is among the contested sovereignty of China and Japan, which created the
anti–Japan and anti–Chinese sentiment between the two states. PRC government, nonetheless shows
its assertiveness over the sovereignty of the island. The firm stand of the government, thus, affects
the development of Chinese nationalism as well, targeting the anti–Japanese sentiment to secure the
public support over the PRC's

The Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War
Evaluate the reasons for the success of Mao and the communists gaining support during the Chinese
Civil war.
By: Chia Ni Wu
13th May, 2010
Teacher's Name: Mr. Smith
Total Number of Pages: 11
{2,903 words}
Table of Contents
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Body . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the reasons of Mao's victory could be clearly related to the outcome of the war; the Mao
and the CCP defeated the KMT and established the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Towards the end of the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese Communist Party under the leadership of
Mao Zedong was able to defeat the Nationalists Party (KMT) which was under Chiang Kai–Shriek.
Several reasons have lied upon the triumph of the CCP. Mao and his party were capable of gaining
support from the majority of the population through their restrained land policies; they were also
able to take advantage of KMT weaknesses, in addition to their complete dedication during the
years.

{408 words}
Body
Throughout the history of China, the civil strife in China had marked a significant event. With two
parties established; the Nationalist known as Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist known as the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), conflicts between them began to erupt due to their difference in
beliefs when CCP began to question to morality of democracy and capitalism. This led to the
Chinese Civil War (1945–1949). Although many see that, "early in the civil war it looked as though
the Nationalists might prevail. They controlled key cities, their well–equipped troops far
outnumbered Communist troops, and they had support from the United States," (Tamura 180) the
outcome of the war was not what everyone thought to be due to many

The Impact of the Three Principles of the People on China...
"We shall establish a united Chinese Republic in order that all the peoples–Manchus, Mongols,
Tibetans, Tartars and Chinese–should constitute a single powerful nation.... Such a nationalism is
possible, and we must pursue it."– Sun Yat–sen, Three Principles of the People. Countless
nationalists across the world seek for the rights Dr. Sun Yat–sen stated in his Principles. Sun Yat–sen
was born in Cuiheng, a small village in Guangzhou Province, during the Qing Dynasty in 1866. At
this time, the Qing was slowly declining. The Taiping Rebellion, an unsuccessful, large–scale revolt
against the Qing dynasty led by Hong Xiuquan, threatened the survival of the empire, the Confucian
system. The ascension of the two–year old Emperor Puyi also made ... Show more content on
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Because of this, Sun stated that a modern and ideal government system must be established. Sun had
his new government system divided into two powers: the power of politics and the power of
governance. The powers of politics are the rights of the people to express their political wishes. An
example of this today is Britain's Parliament's House of Commons. Sun declares that the people
have four major rights or civil rights, which are: election, recall, initiative, and referendum (ABC–
CLIO "Sun Yat–sen"). Election means the right to vote, recall is the right to remove an elected
official from power, initiative is the right to petition and referendum is the right to refer measures
passed by the legislative branch to the approval or rejection of the electorate. The second power was
the power of governance or the power of the officials. Sun proposed the use of a five–branch
government system within the power of governance, including the three branch system of the U.S.
(Legislative, Judicial and Executive), the use of checks and balances, as well as two other branches:
Control Branch (similar to the Censorate Branch) and the Examination Branch (similar to the branch
responsible for the Civil Service Exams). The Second Principle of the People was meant to represent
a Western style of government (ABC–CLIO "Sun Yat–sen"). The last principle of Sun's Three
Principles of the People is the development of

Foreign Secretary Level Talks : India 's Prime Minister Essay
While campaigning for last year's national vote, Narendra Modi promised a "new chapter" in Indo–
Pak history if he became India's Prime Minister (P.M). Instead, bilateral relations through his first
year and a half in office stuck to a prologue both fractious and pinned by testy cross–border rhetoric.
All that has changed now, at least on the surface.
After Modi pleasantly surprised Pakistan by gatecrashing P.M Nawaz Sharif's birthday party on
December 25, there is hope for a new era, or at least one that sidesteps divisive populism. Foreign
Secretary–level talks should begin on January 15 in Islamabad to roadmap a new composite
dialogue on all outstanding issues including Kashmir. That is good news, no matter how you spin it.
Still, the dizzying speed of rapprochement has startled politicians and pundits alike in both
countries. While cynicism abounds about the illusory nature of progress in making permanent peace,
and some compare P.M Modi's impromptu visit to a foreign policy smokescreen, January has
historically been a good month for international statecraft.
On New Year's Day 1979, The People's Republic of China (PRC) established formal relations with
the US after 30 years of friction and short–circuiting each other's geopolitical agendas. From
squaring off in Korea and Vietnam during the Cold War, China and the US now practice two–way
trade valued at over half a trillion dollars. The takeaway here is that diplomacy is rarely a zero–sum
game or linear in motion.

War as an Influential Force in the Jade Peony Essay
War as an influential force in The Jade Peony
The Jade Peony is a novel that concentrated on the life of early Chinese immigrants by describing a
series of stories happened in a four–kid family. The novel told the reminiscences of three children's
child life in that family, therefore it was divided into three parts according to the different characters.
But apart from the family routine portrayed in the novel, it can be clearly seen in the whole book
that war, as another implied clue, played an important role in the development of the story.
In the first place, as an overall background, Chinese civil war between Kuomintang (the party
leaded by Chiang Kai–shek) and The Communist Party (the party leaded by Mao Tse–tung) caused
the first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People lived in Vancouver Chinatown were far from the flames of war, but they were so concerned
about what was happening in Old China. Not only because they cared about their hometown, but
also because they cared about their families, friends, or relatives who were still living in China.
From this point, the concern about the war that was showed by people were regarded as strong
feeling connection with Old China. Although war did not directly caused pain to people in
Chinatown, the suffering it caused in Old China was also brought to Canada. In chapter eight, one of
stepmother's childhood best friends, called Chen Suling, was killed by an explosion of a bomb. In
the beginning of this chapter, we can see Sek–Lung's family was looking forward to the Chen
Suling's visit to Canada, and appreciated her talents of English. All of them, except for Sek–Lung
who disliked her because he would be controlled if Chen Suling came, hoped to see her eagerly. But
a bomb turned their hope down. Stepmother felt extremely painful for losing her best friend, just
like Sek–Lung said in the end of this chapter "I never heard stepmother mention Chen Suling's name
again."(161). Later, with the war becoming fiercer, the social order in Vancouver also became
instable. "Gangs of older, jobless boys roamed back streets hunting for Japanese. Fights broke out.
There were knifings on some

Sociocultural Analysis Of Taiwan
Taiwan – Sociocultural Analysis Taiwan is an island that is a part of the continent of Asia. Asiatic
cultures vary from Western culture and require sociological and cultural analysis to completely
understand. The New World Encyclopedia online resource defines culture in an easy to understand
way. According to New World Encyclopedia (2013), "Culture is a complex of features held by a
social group, which may be as small as a family or a tribe, or as large as a racial or ethnic group, a
nation, or in the age or globalization, by people all over the world" (Defining culture, para.1).
Taiwan is the topic of sociocultural analysis in this essay. Five major characteristics that define a
culture are that it is learned, it is social, shared, transmitted and continuous (Farooq, 2011). Taiwan
is rich in culture, food, art and religion. Geographically, according to McGuigan (n.d.), Taiwan is "a
relatively small island off the south–east coast of mainland China, Taiwan occupies a unique
position both politically and culturally" (Taiwan Culture & Tradition, para. 1). World Atlas online
states that "about two–thirds of Taiwan is a rugged mountain landscape with the Chung–yang Shan
range (central) dominating the island, and some 200 peaks exceeding 9,840 ft. (3,000 m)" (Taiwan
Geography, para.1). To select one common characteristic of Taiwan culture is difficult because the
Taiwanese people are made up of a conglomerate mix to include aboriginal people, Chinese people
and Japanese.

Kuomintang Chiang's Civil War
of the Americans and of Chinese intellectuals and Students" (Tanner 47), his ideals, although far
from the expectations of Americans and a good portion of Chinese intellectual's were all driven from
his Confucian and military background. Even with the help of the Americans the relationship
between the Americans and the Kuomintang was not all that great. Even Chiang, "for his part, had
little respect for Marshall, or for Americans in general. In his diary, Chiang often referred to
Americans as naïve, superficial, emotional, and immature" (Tanner 37). But in order to ensue
American support for the Kuomintang Chiang had to continue to deal and make amends with
Marshall. In the eyes of the Americans Chiang is seen as a dictator who had no skills in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Americans continue to blame Chiang for his loss of China. Especially Harry Truman in charge of
working with Chiang in this period and time. While receiving a lot of criticisms for partly being the
reason of the loss of China he of course did not let criticisms and accusations left unanswered.
However this has been a long and overdue debate till today as well because of all the different views
of Chiang and China's civil war. This whole mess of who lost China who is the hero and who is the
enemy is the cause of all the different views and aspects of the leader Chiang Kai–shek himself and
the outcome of the war. For the side of the Truman Administration Chiang was an over ambitious
leader who was too focused on kicking out the Communists rather than focusing on what was more
important, "The Truman administration had sent George Marshall to mediate between the
Nationalists and Communist Parties, while simultaneously sending generous amounts of economic
and military aid" (Tanner 13). The United States has done all that they could in order to aid the
Kuomintang but "Chiang and the Kuomintang had failed to cooperate with

The Communist Party's Successful Gain of China Essay
The Communist Party's Successful Gain of China
In the early 20th century China was facing historical difficulties leading to a big change.
The poor peasants in China did not own their own land and had to pay heavy rents and taxes to the
landlords. Desperately poor and illiterate, they were vulnerable to disease, draught, food and famine.
This is a very important reason why the Communist came into power.
The Nationalists controlled South China in the year of 1928 after the Northern. Expedition. The time
had come to attack the warlords who ruled the North so that the enemy could be reunited under a
single government.
The ordinary Chinese civilians were sick of the warlords and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was a significant effect because it would be more likely the peasants would spread Communist
ideas and eventually they would agree with Mao's party. So in the long term this would help the
Communist party.
The Communists were situated in the capital called Jiangxi and the Nationalists discovered that they
were there and tried to destroy Jiangxi 4 times but failed on each occasion, and then they decided to
blockade all around the capital that left Mao with some options which are the following:
–Stand and Fight
–Surrender to the GMD
–Break out Jiangxi and head out to the countryside.
–Arrange a truce with the GMD
–Unite with the neighbouring provenance of Fujaan, which was rebelling.
–Try to break the blockade in some other way, such as by sending messages for help to other CCP
bases.

Mao decided to break out of Jiangxi and head for the countryside, this was then known as the Long
March as they fought their way past the Blockade and after a year of fighting they ended up in
Shanxi where they were seen as heroes from many people but the Nationalist saw them as cowards
retreating from their capital. The Communist however thought that this was a victory as they were
propagandizing and telling people on their way.
I think this was an important cause but it was an

Sociocultural Analysis Of Taiwan
Taiwan– Sociocultural Analysis Athena L. Guidry SLC Class 001–18 Taiwan– Sociocultural
Analysis Taiwan is an island that is a part of the continent of Asia. Asiatic cultures vary from
Western culture and require sociological and cultural analysis to completely understand. The New
World Encyclopedia online resource defines culture in an easy to understand way. According to New
World Encyclopedia (2013), "Culture is a complex of features held by a social group, which may be
as small as a family or a tribe, or as large as a racial or ethnic group, a nation, or in the age or
globalization, by people all over the world" (Defining culture, para.1). Taiwan is the topic of
sociocultural analysis in this essay. Five major characteristics that define a culture are that it is
learned, it is social, shared, transmitted and continuous (Farooq 2011). Taiwan is rich in culture,
food, art and religion. Geographically, according to McGuigan (n.d.), Taiwan is "a relatively small
island off the south–east coast of mainland China, Taiwan occupies a unique position both
politically and culturally" (Taiwan Culture & Tradition, para. 1). World Atlas online states that
"about two–thirds of Taiwan is a rugged mountain landscape with the Chung–yang Shan range
(central) dominating the island, and some 200 peaks exceeding 9,840 ft. (3,000 m)" (Taiwan
Geography para.1). To select one common characteristic of Taiwan culture is difficult because the
Taiwanese people are made up of a conglomerate

Sun Yat-Sen
Evaluate the importance of Sun Yixian's (Sun Yat–sen's) role in bringing about the 1911 Revolution
in China.
Sun Yat–sen's role in the 1911 revolution against the Qing dynasty was an indirect one. Sun Yat–sen
was exiled in the United States during the events of the Wuchang Uprising of October 10th, 1911,
hearing about it through a newspaper publication in Denver, Colorado.[1] Many Historians view
Sun's accession as the provisional President of the Republic of China, directly following the
revolution, as due to his position as a "compromise candidate"(Bergere, Marie–Clare, Sun Yat–sen,
1994, p. 12). This interpretation holds Sun Yat–sen as a respected but unimportant figure in the
revolution, serving as an ideal compromise between the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In his nationalization theory, people would be deprived of the right to own land, but they could still
retain other rights over the land by permission of the state. Sun Yat–sen's revolutionary ideas
extensively influenced formation of the New Army, responsible for the revolution of 1911. Through
his early revolutionary actions and a failed military coup in 1895, Sun Yat–sen was exiled for
sixteen years, campaigning and raising monetary aid in Europe, the United States and in Japan. In
Japan, Sun Yat–sen joined dissident Chinese groups, a pre–cursor to the Tongmenghui, becoming
their leader and gaining a large amount of financial support from Japanese democratic revolutionary,
Miyazaki Toten.[6] Sun Yat–Sen smuggled this financial aid into China through his supporters,
directly financing weapons and ammunitions, much of which was utilised in the revolution by the
New Army.
Sun Yat–sen's ideology remained flexible; this had a homogenising effect on the revolutionary
factions involved in the Wuchang rebellion and more widely, the Xinhai Revolution. Sun Yat–sen's
political ideologies reflected their intended audience as much as his personal convictions. He
presented himself as a strident nationalist to the nationalists, as a socialist to the socialists and an
anarchist to the anarchists, declaring in 1898, "the goal of the three principles of the people is to
create socialism and

The Between China And Taiwan
"The campaign of the occupation lays the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the CSSTA
under the sun stark naked; unfortunately, the pact is already passed. The forced adoption by the
KMT highlights the Ma government's arbitrary abuse of the power and infringement of the human
right, leading to the constitutional crisis of the retrogression in democracy. It meanwhile stimulates
civilians to ponder the rebirth of democracy." (堅持，直到島嶼天光, see footnote , translation
mine). The interaction of the trade activities between Mainland China and Taiwan always
"successfully" draws attention from the global, but this time the fuel is directly presented in the
manifesto of the Sunflower Movement––堅持，直到島嶼天光. People are mainly protesting the
CSSTA [Cross–Strait Service Trade Agreement, CSSTA] against the untransparent processes. This
agreement, passed without the regular procedure, underlines the dark side of the Ma government and
how it simultaneously summons up civilians to deeply think about what is now striking the
democracy in Taiwan. In addition to the domestic problems originating from the CSSTA, the other
vital issue our nation is encountering now is that Taiwan is standing at a lower position in this
financial game. "The scales and structures of business are totally different between Taiwan and
China. If we just accept the trade without detailed consideration, China is likely [taking] control
over Taiwan by means of financial interactions, and it will lead to what Hong Kong

Pushing Pause on Cross-Strait Tension: Development of an...
In chemistry, two prevailing types of bonds between atoms exist. Covalent bonds describe a
connection between two atoms in which both share their electrons in order to form a desirable octet
between the two. Ionic bonds, however, occur through the transfer of electrons between two atoms;
in actuality, the atoms remain separate from one another, and have little more in common than an
electron transaction. In essence, the bond between ions breaks as both dissociate from each other
over time, resulting in completely separate entities. Extended to political relations, the bond between
the People's Republic of China under the command of the Chinese Communist Party, and the
Republic of China, Taiwan, whose political scheme constitutes a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the political connection between China and Taiwan resembles that of an ionic bond, in which
the two nations share the same origin, but progressed down different political–economic paths,
establishing two distinct countries, with a bond comprised of mutual trade and potential economic
gain. In other words, China and Taiwan are held together by cross–strait investment and trade, but
remain essentially separate from one another both politically and in regard to economic policy.
Under these circumstances, Taiwan's bid for independence, particularly over the last few decades,
hardly constitutes shock or surprise, though the development of a deeply entrenched stalemate
between China and Taiwan to the extent of potential warfare resulting thereof places the welfare of
China, Taiwan, and, potentially, the international community, in a surprising level of political and
economic danger. The initial response from China in regard to Taiwanese independence established
a precedent for military coercion in order to integrate Taiwan into the PRC, and resulted in a
standoff between Beijing and Taipei in regard to negotiation and compromise, from which,
ironically, neither will budge. Overall, regardless of the final decision on Taiwanese independence
from China, the political stalemate on both sides of the

Foreign Secretary Level Talks : India 's Prime Minister
While campaigning for last year's national vote, Narendra Modi promised a "new chapter" in Indo–
Pak history if he became India's Prime Minister (P.M). Instead, bilateral relations during his year
and a half in office have not budged past a prologue both exhausting and marred by testy cross–
border rhetoric. All that has changed now, at least on the surface.
After Modi pleasantly surprised Pakistan by gatecrashing P.M Nawaz Sharif's birthday party on
December 25, there is hope for a new era, or at least one that sidesteps divisive populism. Foreign
Secretary–level talks should begin on January 15 in Islamabad to roadmap a new composite
dialogue on all outstanding issues including Kashmir. That is good news, no matter how you spin it.
That said, the dizzying speed of rapprochement has startled politicians and pundits alike in both
countries. Though cynicism abounds about the illusory nature of progress in making permanent
peace, and some compare P.M Modi's impromptu visit to a foreign policy smokescreen, January has
historically been a good month for international statecraft.
On New Year's Day 1979, The People's Republic of China (PRC) established formal relations with
the US after 30 years of friction and short–circuiting each other's geopolitical agendas. From
squaring off in Korea and Vietnam during the Cold War, China and the US now practice two–way
trade valued at over half a trillion dollars. The takeaway here is that diplomacy is rarely a zero–sum
game or linear in

Mao Zedong : A Communist Dictator Responsible For The...
When people hear the name "Mao Zedong", they immediately think of a stubby communist dictator
responsible for the death of millions. Although many of his reforms failed and millions died, many
argue that he his "good" outweigh his "bad". He saved the ailing nation of China, molding it to the
nation it is today. Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893 to a relatively wealthy farmer in the
small village of Shaoshan, Hunan. When he was eight, he attended a small school in his village,
where he learned traditional Confucian ways. However, only after five short years in school, his
father pulled him out and put him to work in his fields. There, he toiled until he was seventeen,
when he convinced his totalitarian father to let him attend a secondary school in Changsha, the
Hunanese capital. There, he acquired limited knowledge of science, but developed a clear written
style, and an extensive understanding of social problems, Chinese history, and current affairs.
During his years at school, the country of China was rapidly changing. People were tired of the
ancient and ineffective monarchy system, and in 1911, the Xinhai Revolution began to oust China's
last imperial dynasty. Mao joined the Revolutionary Army and the Kuomintang Nationalist Party,
but did not see any action on the front lines. The revolution was successful, terminating the several
thousand year old monarchy, consequently replacing it with the Republic of China. After the
revolution, Mao resumed his normal life,

The History of Sino-Soviet Relations Essay
I. Introduction
The history of Sino–Soviet relations can be traced back hundreds of years, starting with the initial
Mongol invasion and devastation of the Kievan Rus' principalities in the mid–thirteenth century.
With time, the rise of the Russian Empire and Czarist rule reversed the infrastructural and cultural
destruction caused by the Mongol hordes; by the advent of the twentieth century, the reformed
Russian state had begun encroaching on Chinese territory while holding a very strong, influential
grasp on the slowly collapsing Imperial Chinese regime. However, with the success of the Russian
Revolution in 1917, the creation of the Soviet Union, and the institution of a communist government
and administration, the nature of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the next couple of decades, until the eventual dissolution of the USSR, this strained relationship
and antagonism continued and did not normalize due to unresolved conflicts in ideology,
international politics, and differing national interests and philosophies.
II. Creation and Expansion of Communism
To better understand the nature of Sino–Soviet relations in the twentieth century, one must analyze
the emergence of communism in the respective nations of Russia and China. Communism was first
developed by German philosopher Karl Marx in the 1800s, and is defined as a socioeconomic policy
structured around the common ownership of property in the absence of any social distinctions such
as class, wealth, or race. Marx saw this arrangement as the zenith of human society, the paragon of
interaction where the resources of economic production are fully socialized and everything, from
basic nutrition to education, is freely allocated based on necessity. These egalitarian doctrines and
policies of social, economic, and political freedom greatly appeased to the working–class
populations in politically oppressed regions of the world, especially in the situations of the repressed
poor and peasant classes of early twentieth–century Russian and Chinese societies.
A. Spread of Communism Into Russia
Although serfdom was abolished in 1861, the Russian societal climate at the dawn of the twentieth
century was a breeding ground for revolutionary ideas and beliefs

Bao Qin's Wild Swans
Throughout the last month of this class, we have had the privilege to read the book titled, Wild
Swans by Jung Chang. To the extent of the required readings of the book, I have analyzed the
context and have become aware that this piece of work was about much more than what life was like
throughout China and Japan between 1909–1949. This book specifically, was about the lives of Yu–
fang and Bao Qin. Both of these characters have been influenced by their culture and surroundings
in some way. For the purpose of this essay, I will be discussing why Bao Qin, formally known as
Wild Swan, preferred the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the Kuomintang (KMT) based solely
off of her experiences, while also comparing and contrasting her choice to her ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the main reasons he joined because he viewed capitalism as an evil system that exploits the
poor and down–trodden. As a child, Comrade Wangs' father died of overwork and strain because he
was trying to take care of fifteen dependents during a great depression and with heavy taxes. Their
family business ended up being sold to pay off the debts, and this scattered the family. I imagine he
wanted a new revolution for China where everyone would be based upon equality. Once he came in
contact with fellow Communist members, I assume he felt a connection with them, knowing that
there should be a change in society. If Communism would have been active in his childhood, his
family would not have been separated and who knows how much longer his father could have

Why the Chinese Nationalist Party lost the Chinese Civil War.
On 1 October 1949, Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese Communist Party declared victory over the
Nationalist Party (Guomindang) and brought an end to four brutally long years of Civil War. The
Communist victory in the Civil War has however, created significant debate among historians,
namely: was a Communist victory inevitable and if so is it more sensible to see the Chinese Civil
War as a Communist victory or as a Nationalist defeat?When researching these questions it becomes
blatantly obvious that the Guomindang government led by Chiang Kai–Shek was riddled with
problems and they are very much the cause of their own downfall. Widespread government
corruption, spiraling inflation, loss of public confidence and intractable poverty are just a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the end of the Sino–Japanese War the Guomindang held significant advantages over the
Communists, with its widely recognised legitimate government controlling China, giving it the
power to tax and conscript. On the other hand, the Communists could not match the Guomindang's
troops in terms of training and equipment and could be "outgunned and outmanoeuvred in all major
regions of the country" (Westad, 2003: 8). Furthermore, the Communist party was hardly
represented in the cities at all, which of course was the power base of the Guomindang. However,
the Communists also had successes resulting from the war with Japan including increasing their area
of control and practiced evolving their strategies of protracted guerrilla warfare against the Japanese
which in turn generated public support. Despite this the party's main forces were still located in
North–west China and they were not in such a powerful position that a civil war with the
Guomindang would be a mere formality in securing control of the country.
The Civil War is therefore simply not a case of the imminent decline of the Guomindang and the
Communists' irresistible rise. Rather the Sino–Japanese War provided the framework for the
decisions and strategies that would ultimately lead to Nationalist defeat. The war with Japan left the
Guomindang decimated and they did need to undergo reform in order to survive; however the

The, The Former Capital Of China
Nanjing is the former capital of China. During this time, Japan was attempting to take over the
entire nation of China. Japan had developed a plan to take over all of China in a span of just three
months, starting with the invasion of Beijing. What the Japanese weren't expecting was for China to
put down a fight. With frustration arising and their plan falling apart, the Japanese decided to take
over China's capital, Nanjing. During the Battle of Shangai, Japanese army forces proved their
dominance over the Chinese and took over in November. Following the Japanses victory at Shangai,
50,000 Japanese soldiers began their march to China's capital: Nanking. Although the Japanese were
greatly outnumbered, they fought to the death, entering the city on December 13, 1937. They were
ordered to "kill all captives," leading to 90,000 Chinese soldiers surrendering (The History Place,
2000).
Japan's history leading up to the massacre is an intriguing one. Unfriendly relations between Japan
and China had an uprising in the early 1900's. Before this rivalry began, Japan, growing as a
military power, had intentions of taking over China and Korea. In 1876, Japan and Korea signed the
Treaty of Kanghwa, making Korea "unilaterally independent, weakening China's hold on Korea."
March of 1894, a domestic rebellion by the anti–foreigner Tonghak cult against the Korean
monarchy was jointly put down by both Japanese and Chinese troops. After the revolt was quelled,
China proposed the immediate

Communism in China Essays
Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and
promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of
production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is
practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world's communist
governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese
surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in
China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao
Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The arrival of Chiang's armies into many rural areas often indicated theft, rape, and murders to
common villagers, while Mao's armies were more educated and trained to protect the needs of the
peasants in order to win their support. Where the landlords and peasants initially supported the
Guomindang, and students and intellectuals looked to the Nationalists for salvation, both sections of
the community began to embrace and support the communist ideals.
As public services such as health and education suffered under the GMD and living conditions in
rural areas worsened, civilians rapidly joined the Communist party. Many soldiers who fought for
the Nationals changed sides and began fighting for communism. The essential focus of Mao's
revolution revolved solely around the peasants who made up 85% of the population. His new land
reforms meant taking land from rich landlords and dividing it amongst poorer peasants. Mao also
introduced national health care as 95% of individuals in China had never seen a doctor
The PLA rapidly expanded with more peasants joining. In 1947 the Communists captured their new
capital, Yan'an and in 1948 they attacked the GMD army capturing all the major cities– Beijing,
Shanghai, and Guangzhou. The Americans originally supported the GMD as they wanted China (
the GMD and Communists) to form a joint government in order to fight Japan– America's enemy.
They finally cut off all aid to the GMD troops

Warlord Rule and Sun Yat Sen's Inability to Achieve the...
Warlord Rule and Sun Yat Sen's Inability to Achieve the Aims of the Three People's Principles
I agree with the statement only to a small extent. The period of warlord rule was particularly chaotic
in China. However, even when order was being restored again, the aims of the three people's
principles were not all being achieved. Therefore, I feel that warlord rule is not the most important
reason as to why Sun Yat Sen was unable to achieve the aims of the three people's principles.
The three people's principles are the principle of nationalism, the principle of democracy and the
principle of the people's well–being. The first one is Sun Yat Sen's aim to unite the whole of China.
As for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this period, it was also a time of lawlessness. The warlords fought each other as they hoped
to gain control over a larger territory. This brought about much suffering to the Chinese people. Sun
Yat Sen's principle of democracy is not being upheld as these warlord ruled over their area like a
dictator. These warlords exploited the people under them, like the peasants. Thus it is clear that Sun
Yat Sen's principle's are not being achieved or even upheld. He, himself could not do anything as his
party and government was still too weak. However, this period of warlord rule is not the only factor
that prevented him from being unable to achieve his aims.
Due to the disunity in his party, Kuomintang (KMT), he could not achieve the aims of his three
principles. Before he can actually unite the whole country, he would need to unite his party
members. He often met failure when he tried to reunite the country due to internal squabbles in his
own party. They often argued over the third principle. Some party members wanted the land of the
landlords to be taken away from them, and come under state ownership. However, there were others
who disagreed. Therefore, this made it very difficult for Sun Yat Sen to get his party members to
work together to achieve his aims. He soon realised he had to reorganize his movement again before
he could actually topple warlord rule and unify

The Invasion Of Japan Into China
The Japanese and Chinese have always had disputes with one another, and one of the biggest
reasons for the Chinese and Japanese hating each other is the Invasion of Japan into China. It began
with Japan invading and occupying Manchuria causing the hatred between the two countries to grow
immensely.
According to the New World encyclopedia, what made matter worse, was that China was at war
with itself, the war was between the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communist Party.
Sun Yat–sen dies in 1925, soon after, commander in chief Chiang Kai–Shek of the National Army
set out on an expedition to the North. This expedition was an effort to exterminate the commanders
of the war and as well as feudalism. However, when a year passes, in 1926, the Nationalist Party had
divided into left and right factions where communism had begun to grow from the inside out. After
many disputes, on April 7, 1927, Chiang and other nationalist had decided to hold a meeting where
they had decided the communist were being socially and economically disruptive. They would then
join together in order to suppress them and keep the national revolution ongoing. Hence on April 12,
Nationalist leader Chiang commenced an expulsion of the communist in the Shanghai area, leading
to the execution and arrest of hundreds of communist members. This became known as the
"Shanghai Massacre", enraged, the communist would attempt to conquer cities such as Changsha,
Guangzhou, Nanchang, and Shantou. After many

How Did Taiwan End The Martial Law?
The Martial Law was imposed in Taiwan in 1949 along with the Wartime Temporary Provisions and
at the same time the Constitution was suspended (Hsiao and Hsiao, 2001: 4). Along came
prohibition formation of new political parties, and it gave the secret police, which had wide–ranging
powers to arrest anyone voicing criticism of government policy (International Committee for
Human Rights in Taiwan, 1987: 3). Accordingly, the process of liberalization was long over due.
The main aspiration of the Kuomintang (KMT) officials of enacting the Martial Law was that they
wanted Taiwan to become bastion for the future recovery of mainland People's Republic of China
(Chao and Myers, 2000: 387). If the communist regime would ever lose support and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
On 28th September 1986 PPRA was formally set up as the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)
(International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, 1987: 3). Besides the public opposition
President Chiang Ching–kuo realized that continuation of the Martial Law would mean permanent
damage to his image after his passing away, and would further isolate the island politically (ibid).
President Chiang came to a conclusion that the Martial Law should be ended in the beginning of
April 1986 (ibid).
3.2 The National Securty Law – Period
Just few days before the lifting of the Martial Law a new National Security Law was passed on 23rd
June 1987 (International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, 1987: 7). It still contained a
significant number of restrictions, e.g. on freedom of assembly and association, and on political
rights, which still exist in continuing National Kuomintang Party dominance (International
Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, 1987: 1, 7). Other existing laws effectively limit freedom
of speech (International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, 1987: 1) and other civil liberties.
In practice this meant that the Martial Law itself would remain on the books. Only the emergency
decree activating its provisions for Taiwan and the Pescadores have been lifted meaning it

Essay on The Ideology of Mao Zedong
t A. Mao ZeDong is one of the greatest leaders in the history of New China. The influence of Mao's
theory is profound and lasting. He is a great thinker, poet, and a highly intelligent military strategist.
Under his leadership and the actions he performed during The Long March, Chinese Civil War then
defeating the Kuomintang Party to built the New China are the main epic episodes. Mao ZeDong's
extravagant actions made two of the many changes to China. They are the shift from a capitalist
system to a socialist system and the achievement of China's independence against Japanese
imperialism (Somo, 2013a). The influence of Mao's theory has been widespread to the world up
until this day. Especially, in the countries of the third world have ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
60,000 soldiers were sacrificed and fifty percent of their territory had been occupied by Chiang's
forces. For this reason, the Chinese Communist Party must flee from this massacre and preserve
their remaining military strength. As a result, their retreat became the world renowned Long March,
which began on October 14, 1934. At first, the Chinese Communist Party adopted the advice from a
Russian agent rather than Mao's suggestions . Due to their poor planing the Communist Party
suffered another heavy casualties. Under this condition, the Chinese Communist Party appointed
Mao ZeDong to leadership after they had a conference in January 1935. Since then, Mao apply
different tactics in this terrible hardship of The Long March. He guided the Red Army to maneuver
stealthy. "As the Red army moved away from Xiang, it used twisting movement patterns that made
predicting its direction very difficult. Mao also split up the Red Army into smaller units. In theory
this made theme more open to attack, in practice, they were more difficult to find in the open spaces
on China"(Trueman, n.d.). Mao decided ShanXi, Northern China will be their destination. Under
Mao's leadership, the Red Army overcome the surmount numerous difficulties, at the cost of more
than 70,000 men. During the entire battle the Red Army did not have those advanced military
equipment like the Kuomintang Party. It took 368 days for Mao ZeDong and his Red Army to
marched about 9,000 kilometers by foot in order to

Madame Chiang Kai-Ling : One Of The Most Influential Women...
Soong May–ling, otherwise known as Madame Chiang Kai–Shek, was a one of the most powerful
and prominent female leaders of the 20th century due to her contributions to China's relations to the
United States, leader of all government–affiliated women's organizations and all of her other
philanthropic efforts. This research essay will discuss and consist of supporting evidence to support
the notion that Madame Chiang Kai–Shek was one of the most influential women in Chinese
history, and will also include her background information and personal history.
Born Soong May–ling on March 5, 1897 in Shanghai, into one of the most dominant and influential
families in China who were involved in finance and politics ; May–ling along with her two sisters
and two brothers were raised in a Christian household and she was educated in The United States
from ages 10–19. She attended her elder sisters' alma mater, Wesleyan College in Georgia, but
transferred and graduated from Wellesley College in Boston, Massachusetts in 1917 with a major in
English literature and minor in philosophy, including honours and academic distinctions in both
subjects. Her brother T.V. Soong, was a prominent industrialist and official of the Nationalist
Chinese government. May–ling and her two sisters, Ai–ling and Ching–ling, married very important
and powerful men during the pre–second world war in China. Her eldest sister married China's
finance minister, H.H Kung and her other sister married Dr. Sun Yat–Sen, who

Background Briefing Paper Of Jiang Yingwen
Shawn Yang Prof. Hu HIST 12 6/5/16 Background Briefing Paper of Jiang yingwen Introduction
Throughout history, art has played a major role in contributing to the development of cultures and
communities. As one of the foundations of Chinese culture, this paper contains information about
the life and brief of Jiang yingwen, the protagonist in the novel. This is a story about his effort to
establish a new form of artistic expression in a century of change and transformation.
Abstract
The novel will be centered around the artist, Jiang yingwen, who brought revolutionary change to
China's art culture. Throughout his life, he analyzed and incorporated western/modern methods into
traditional Chinese artwork. He attempted to make his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the cultural revolution he was sent to the countryside to be "reeducated" among many other
teachers. Not only does this novel tell about his journey being a modern Chinese artist, but also
depicts the transition of how China's political and cultural changes throughout time.
Identifying Information Jiang yingwen is a painter, poet and artist who is born on July 19th 1895 in
Shanghai, China. Went to Japan and studied art in 1919, returned in 1923. He was married when he
is 33 to one of his colleagues in Beijing. Upon marrying, they settled Beijing, Jiang had two sons
and one daughter. Jiang passed away on June 4th 1969 in Beijing.
Living Conditions Born into a middle class family, Jiang's family lives in Song Jiang one of the
suburbs of Shanghai and lived a fairly content life. His father is a private tutor who teaches painting,
poetry and calligraphy. As a result, Jiang is well mannered and educated. He is exposed to art at an
early age, which gave him great advantage when starting his career as an artist. Jiang's mother was a
tailor who mostly works for upper class clients. This made it easy for the family to make
connections with the nobles and officials of the area. Through such connections, the family has
access to luxury items such as fatty foods and sweet confectioneries . Those nobles and officials
who have the ability to travel through trade ports often brought art supplies for Jiang's

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