My Training Report in Engro Fertilizer company Daharki.

2. TECHNICAL TRAINING COLLEGE DAHARKI.
Report Presented by:
Alizaib khan
Zubair Ahmed
Report Presented to:
Brig. Raja Muhammad Ali (Respected Principal)
Col. Shabir Niazi (vice principal)
Engr. Uzair Ahmed Dayo (H.O.D)
Engr. Mashooque Ali sheikh (Class Incharge)
Thanks to Administration of Engro.

3. Executive summary:
OUR STORY BEGINS WITH ONE COMPANY’S ENTERPRISING DECISION
TO STRIVE AHEAD AND INVEST WHEN ANOTHER HAD BOWED OUT. IN 1957, PAK STANVAC –AN ESSO/MOBIL
JOINT VENTURE –STUMBLED UPON VAST DEPOSITS RICH IN NATURAL GAS IN MARI WHILE PURSUING VIABLE OIL
EXPLORATION IN SIND. WITH PAK STANVAC FOCUSED EXCLUSIVELY ON OIL EXPLORATION, THE DISCOVERY SHIFTED
THE IMPETUS TO ESSO WHICH DECIDED TO INVEST ON THE MASSIVE INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL OF MARI GAS FIELD.
ESSO PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF A GIANT UREA PLANT IN DAHARKI, ABOUT TEN MILES FROM THE MARI GAS
FIELDS, WHICH WOULD USE NATURAL GAS PRODUCED AS ITS PRIMARY RAW MATERIAL TO TURN OUT UREA
FERTILIZER. TALKS WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN BORE FRUIT IN 1964, AND AN AGREEMENT WAS SIGNED
ALLOWING ESSO TO SET UP A UREA PLANT WITH AN ANNUAL CAPACITY OF 173,000 TONS. THE PLANT STARTED
PRODUCTION ON 4 DECEMBER 1968 –A FEW MONTHS LATE AND WITH LESS THAN 10 % OVER RUN ON THE
ORIGINAL BUDGET. TO BOOST SALES, A FULL-FLEDGED MARKETING ORGANIZATION WAS ESTABLISHED WHICH
UNDERTOOK AGRONOMIC PROGRAMS TO EDUCATE FARMERS OF PAKISTAN. AS THE NATION’S FIRST BRANDED
FERTILIZER MANUFACTURER, THE COMPANY HELPED MODERNIZE TRADITIONAL FARMING PRACTICES AND BOOST
FARM YIELDS, DIRECTLY IMPACTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR FARMERS AND THEIR FAMILIES, AND FOR THE NATION
AT LARGE. FARMER EDUCATION PROGRAMS INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF FERTILIZERS IN PAKISTAN, PAVING WAY
FOR COMPANY’S BRANDED UREA CALLED “ENGRO” –AN ACRONYM FOR “ENERGY FOR GROWTH”.
IN 1978,ESSO BECAME EXXON AS PART OF AN INTERNATIONAL NAME CHANGE.THE COMPANY WAS, THEREFORE,
RENAMED EXXON CHEMICAL PAKISTAN LIMITED.
IN 1991, EXXON DECIDED TO DIVEST ITS FERTILIZER BUSINESS ON A GLOBAL BASIS. THE EMPLOYEES OF EXXON
CHEMICAL PAKISTAN LIMITED –IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LEADING INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS –BOUGHT OUT EXXON’S 75% EQUITY. THIS WAS, AND PERHAPS STILL IS, THE MOST SUCCESSFUL
EMPLOYEE BUY-OUT IN PAKISTAN’S CORPORATE HISTORY.
RENAMED ENGRO CHEMICAL PAKISTAN LIMITED, THE COMPANY WENT FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH WITH ITS
CONSISTENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE; GROWTH OF ITS CORE FERTILIZER BUSINESS; AND DIVERSIFICATION INTO
OTHER ENTERPRISES.A MAJOR PLANT CAPACITY UPGRADE AT DAHARKI COINCIDED WITH THE EMPLOYEE LED BUY-
OUT IN 1991. ENGRO ALSO RELOCATED FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING PLANTS FROM THE UK AND US TO ITS
DAHARKI PLANT SITE–AN INTERNATIONAL FIRST. AS YEARS FOLLOWED, ENGRO CHEMICAL PAKISTAN LIMITED
STARTED VENTURING INTO OTHER SECTORS NAMELY: FOODS, ENERGY, CHEMICAL STORAGE AND HANDLING,
TRADING, INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND PETROCHEMICALS.
IN 2013, THE COMPANY FORAYED INTO THE CAPITAL MARKETS AND TAPPED THE FINANCIAL MARKETS TO RAISE
THE NECESSARY CAPITAL REQUIRED TO FUND DEVELOPMENT CAPEX ON SECURING ADDITIONAL GAS SUPPLIES ALONG
WITH RESTRUCTURING OF THE BALANCE SHEET TO OPTIMIZE THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY. THE IPO
WAS A ROARING SUCCESS BEING OVERSUBSCRIBED FOUR TIMES IN THE BOOK BUILDING PROCESS WHILST BEING
OVERSUBSCRIBED FOR THREE TIMES AT THE TIME OF PUBLIC ISSUE.

4. Pump
• Pumps types
Boiler
• Boiler and its types
Turbine
• Turbine and its types
Compressor
• Compressor and its types
HeatExchanger
• Heat Exchanger and its types
Draft
• Draft and its types
Table of Contents:
We cover these topics in 6weeks training at Engro Fertilizer Company.
Picture Name of Equipment’s

5. Cooling Tower
• Cooling Tower and its types
Governor
• Governor and its types
Bearing
• Bearing and its type
Seal
Packing
Alignment Machine
Valves

6. ENGRO
Fertilizer Company
Description:
Welding

7. Helmet
Goggles
Ear Plug
Safety Shoes

8. Emergency Alerts
in
Engro
Roll statement:
Level 1:
In level one hazard range in only plant area.
Level one hazard alarm:
3 second up drill.
3second down drill.
Level 2:
Hazards range not only plant area but surrounding area also.
Level two hazard alarm:
15 second up drill.
15 second down drill.
NOTE: Three assembly point in Engro for emergency.
Note:
If ammonia leakage in plant area, so you off machines and then see the
wind direction and run opposite side of wind direction and reached the
assembly point.

9. WORK PERMIT
(An official page giving a permission to take a job.)
Nine types of work permit in Engro Fertilizer Company.
Work permit Name. Work permit colour.
1. COLD : GREEN
2. HOT : RED
3. ELECTRICAL : LIGHT PINK
4. INSTRUMENT : PURPLE
5. RADIOGRAPHY : YELLOW
6. CIVIL : WHITE
7. VEHICLE : LUMINOUS YELLOW
8. VESSEL/CONFINED : SKY BLUE
9. LIFTOVER : DARK BLUE
TBT
TOOL BOX TALK:
 Know about tools check
 Know about area location
 Know about hazards to know
 Know about safety
 Know about incident

10. Pump:
Pump is used to add energy to the fluid to move it from one point to another point.
OR
Pump is used to move the liquid from lower elevation to higher elevation or from low
pressure area to high pressure area.
PUMPS TYPE
PUMP
Postive
Displacement
Resiprocative
pump
Rotary pump
Dynamic
Centrifugal
pump
Plunger
pumps
Gear
pumps
Diaphragm
pumps
Screw
pumps
Sliding vane
pumps
Lobe
pumps
Impeller
pumps
Propeller
pumps
Turbine
pumps

11. Boiler:
Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until
the water is converted into steam at required pressure.
Types OF BOILERS
THERE ARE TWO MAJOR TYPE OF BOILERS
 WATER TUBE BOILERS
 FIRE TUBE BOILERS
WHEN BOILER WATER IS ON THE SHELL SIDE OF THE BOILER IT IS CALLED FIRE TUBE BOILER
TURBINE:
A machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel or rotor, typically fitted with
vanes, is made to revolve by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid.
TYPES OF TURBINE:
On the basis of principle of operation
 Impulse turbine
 Reaction turbine

12. Impulse Turbine: In impulse the drop in pressure
of steam takes place only in nozzle & not in
moving blades. This is obtained by making the
blade passage of constant cross section area it
may be noted that energy transformation takes
place only in nozzles. Moving blades only cause
energy transfer.
Bearing:
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion,
and reduces friction between moving parts.
Types
Bearing
FRICTION ANTI FRICTION
GENERAL BEARIBG: BALL BEARING:
 SLEEVE ANGULAR CONTACT
 BUSH SINGLE ROW/
 INSERT DEEP GROVE
THRUST BEARING: CYLINDRICAL BEARING:
 TITTLING PED CYLINDRICAL ROLER
 STEP SPHERICAL
 COLLER
GUIDE BEARING: TAPER BEARING:
TAPER ROLLER
NEDDLE
Mechanical Governor:
What is governor?
• The governor controls the speed of turbine by controlling the amount of steam
supplied to the turbine with respect to variation in loads.

13. Why need a governor?
• While in operation, whenever there is some variation in load over turbine it tends to
slow down or speed up. For example: Consider a steam running at 5100 rpm and is
generating 3MW load. Suppose a load of 0.5 MW taken of the turbine. Now since
power produced by turbine is greater than consumption the result will be increase in
speed. An intelligent system is required which tells turbine to reduce quantity of
steam to bring back speed to normal.
Types of governors
Compressor:
An air compressor is a device that converts power (using an electric motor, diesel or
gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air (i.e., compressed air).
By one of several methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into a storage
tank, increasing the pressure.
Mechanical
shaft governor
Hydraulic
governor Oil relay
governor

14. Heat Exchanger:
It is an equipment used to exchange heat between two fluids i.e. heat flows from the hotter
to colder fluid. The specific name is given to any heat exchanger according to its service.
• Heater Exchanger used to heat process fluid
• Cooler Exchanger used to cool process fluid
• Condenser Exchanger used to liquefy vapors
• Vaporizer Exchanger used to vaporize liquid
• Pre-heater Exchanger used to heat process fluid to some
extent, utilizing waste heat, and prior to its actual
heating process.
• Re Boiler Exchanger used to 'reboil' the fluid during the
process at a particular stage.
• Chiller Exchanger used to cool down a process fluid by
evaporating a refrigerant. Usually used when required
cooling is unattainable by cooling water.
Drafts
o Natural draft
o Induced draft
o Forced draft
o Balanced draft

15. Cooling Tower:
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the
atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
Conclusions:

16. Regards by: Alizaib khan Chachar
Email:alizaib2khan@hotmail.com
‘’Special thanks to college team’’