Essay On Discuss Homosexuality In The Beat Generation

Essay on Discuss Homosexuality in the Beat Generation
"In the age that coined the word "togetherness" as a synonym for family values, the Beats, each in his own style mounted the first open, sustained
assault in American history on the masculine role as heterosexual spouse, father and grown–up provider. In the midst of the Cold War crusade against
all deviations from the masculine norm, in the era that could almost be said to have invented the idea of classified information, they openly addressed
homosexuality, bisexuality, and masturbation in their work, declassifying the secrets of the male body, making sexuality as complex as individual
identity and pushing their chosen forms to new limits in the process" (Ann Douglas)
Discuss with reference to one or more authors.
At the end of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This posits the idea that cultural historians were accurate in suggesting that this was a "crucial decade for the politicization of homosexuality."
The 1950's were in fact the turning point of change. `The Mattachine Foundation', later re–named `The Mattachine Society', was one of the earliest gay
organisations set up by Harry Hay in 1950. It's aim was to raise consciousness among gay men, challenge anti–gay discrimination and build a positive
homosexual community and culture. This proved nothing less than an arduous struggle with much opposition, illustrated by the infamous `Stonewall'
night. A night that set America alight with gay rights and conflicts. The name `Mattachine' was meant to symbolise that fact that "gays were a masked
people, unknown and anonymous." This illustrates the traditional 1950's attitude towards homosexuality; the problem was thought to cease to exist if
ignored. Homosexuals were un–natural, sacrilegious, and in need of control and subjugation.
These movements, although insurgent, had little impact upon attitudes, particularly in the literary world. The question of homosexuality was still a
taboo issue, not discussed or entertained; "what's striking about "America" is the lack of a specifically sexual politics." Stimpson sees it as "an
American fear of men together, which the curse `Queer'
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Mummy Ish Influence On Nora
Nora wanting to feel held Nora loves attention. She always says something or acts in a manner that aims at attracting other people's attention,
especially her educators. Sometimes she fails to gain the attention of her intended audience. When this occurs, she goes into a freezing mode for a
few seconds. Her freezing mode is characterized by sticking to the same position where she said or did something for a few seconds hoping that
somebody would respond to her "messages". An example of such an occurrence (freezing mode) was on 1st January 2014, when Nora was three years
old. This is what happened: Before letting everyone in, Sabrina turned around to look at the kindergarten educators and said "is everyone ready?" and
all the others nodded.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Sabrina enters the room, Nora forgets about the pin because she feels held by Sabrina. Winnicott tackles this concept of feeling held in his
theories. He argues that the concept of feeling held means that a child feels safe and all her needs can be met within her environment. He writes, "the
holding environment... has as its main function the reduction to a minimum of impingements to which the infant must react with resultant annihilation
of personal being" (Winnicott, 1960: 47). Furthermore, Winnicott suggests that the relationship that a child forms with the mother during her
pre–kindergarten period results in the child developing a positive internal environment. This positive internal environment is what makes the child
survive when her external environment changes. This is why the child is able to sense the loss of a mother, when left in the Kindergarten, and develop
a relationship with another person or object that provides her the safety and stability of her

Write An Essay On Mercy Entering Therapy
RACHEL SOPHER
Despite her diminutive size and quiet disposition, Mercy commanded my complete attention. So small as to appear child–like, and dressed in
loose–fitting clothes that hid her slight form, she entered my office timidly, and started sessions in silence, repeatedly waving her hand across her face
in characteristically self–effacing gestures before speaking. But her somber self–possession and meek temperament stood in stark contrast to her
ferocious energy; Mercy was dead serious. She came to therapy after being forced to give up a promising career as a modern dancer due to a chronic
knee injury. Finding herself unmoored, lost and alone in the city, with nofamily or friends she could rely on for support, Mercy struggled for ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Entering therapy, then, was a terrifying prospect for Mercy, filled with an infinite potential for exposure and shame. The differences between us were
palpable from the start; binaries of black and white, African and American, anti–establishment and more conventionally–minded filled the room with
questions of compatibility, divergent values and the weight of our disparate social identities. Though a perfunctory investigation of any feelings she
had about the differences between us was quickly dismissed, the starkness of our dissimilarities haunted our interactions from the start. Mercy spoke in
fragments of sentences punctuated by long silences, and I worked hard to piece together her traumatic history. Though born in the United States, Mercy
did not identify with American customs or values; nor did she connect with her family's endless mourning for the traumatic loss of their country. The
seemingly unbridgeable gap in our experiences remained on the outskirts of my awareness, a dull but insidious preconscious impression that our
differences could destroy any approach at mutual understanding. I instinctively dealt with this perceived threat by trying to completely immerse myself
in Mercy's experience, in effect, attempting to hold back any aspects of myself that could obtrude or offend,

Rhesus Monkey Babies From Their Mothers: A Psychological...
How do I bring about change to this situation or how do I try to understand the changing forces within this synchronic of classroom and organisational
dynamics? So I shall be looking at some of the most influential psychologists of the twentieth century. Whilst each theorist may have been part of a
school of thought, each brought an individual approach to the field of psychology.
Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow, Fox (1986), conducted one of the most disturbing psychological experiments of all time; in my opinion. Their
experimentation was of separating Rhesus monkey babies from their mothers. The results of this experiment was to show that the need for closeness
and affection goes far deeper than the need for warmth and nourishment. (pp.102–106). According to Bowlby (1969/1982), in Attachment Theory, Loss
and Trauma "when an infant is exposed to a situation evoking fear, the infant turns to a caregiver as a source of comfort". What happens when the
caregiver is not present or has not got the skills of nurturing or containment? Bion (1962), states that a baby whose distress cannot be contained,
receives back his unprocessed, projections in the shape of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The patient...showed that he had projected his damaged self, containing the damaged world, not only into all the other patients but into me." What I
believe to be highly significant here is that if I replace the word patient to child I have a reflective picture of the experience in the classroom.
The quote continues, "but instead of becoming relieved by this projection he became more anxious, because he was afraid of what I was putting back
into him, where his interjected process became severely disturbed." This goes to explain Gilbert's display of ambivalent behaviour outside the
classroom.

Paranoid Personality Disorder Cluster
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: CLUSTER A
Question: Choose one of the clusters of personality disorders as categorised by the DSM–5. Describe, compare and contrast at least two personality
disorders from this cluster in terms of their symptomology, diagnosis, treatment and other factors.
A personality disorder is defined as 'an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the
individuals culture as manifested in two (or more) of the following areas; cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control'
(Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). There are three categories that personality disorders are split into. Cluster A– Odd or
eccentric behaviour, cluster ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individual therapy, including dynamic therapy which focuses on intensive– exploratory and transference focus psychotherapies, cognitive behavioural
therapy and supportive therapy which focuses on encouragement and adaptive skills. (Gabbard, 2004) ScPD can also gain from group therapy
although mistrust may interfere it can help in breaking down barriers o thoughts in that individuals head that people won't like them in order to help
them achieve a realistic sense of self. Also useful is family therapy in order to gain understanding of the disorder and get the support of the family,
rather than them not understand and make ScPD worse. ScPD is the only disorder in this cluster which has medication, although highly diverse and no
unitary prescription they do tend to benefit from antipsychotic

Motivations and Methodology of Mass Murderers Essay
Introduction Mass murder is defined by the FBI as the killing of three or more people in a single event or in the same day (Petersen & Farrington,
2007). Mass murderers are complex and can be examined by the many factors that regularly appear among them, such as violence precipitating events,
weapon of choice, and mental illnesses. The motivations and methods for committing mass murder are easily broken down into specific groups, and
through the examination of these definitions and specific cases there is much to learn about the mind of a mass murderer.
History
Throughout history mass murder has not been a problem to the same level and in the same sense as it is today. A related occurrence that is seen in
history, which can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The event of mass murder as known today, postal workers going postal and school massacres, has been emerging as a more regular occurrence
throughout the last century (Lester, Stack, Schmidtke, Schuller & Muller, 2005). Starting with the Vietnam War era, there have been an increasing
number of mass murders, which share a causal link to the increased militarization of American Society. The introduction of semiautomatic weapons in
mainstream society gives the opportunity for explosive and gratuitously violent events such as have been seen in recent years (Hamamoto, 2002). The
increase in graphically violent war movies and first person video games, full of violent images and massive destruction, lend a hand in the building of
a society that is hyperaware of war level violence.
Legal Concerns
The central legal concern associated with mass murder has been gun control. More specifically the aftermath of Columbine can be examined to show
the range of gun control concerns. A result of the Columbine massacre, the most terrible mass shooting in United States history, was the media calling
for more gun control and identifying too many guns and too little control as the cause of the attack (Kelck, 2009). It is important to note that while this
attack was horrendous, it comes nowhere close to the number of victims in

Management And Organisational Dynamics ( The...
Management and Organisational Dynamics (The Psychoanalysis of Groups and Organisations) Cheryl Carson 2015 Student Number: 1302170 Words:
2113 Critically discuss the value of the concept of social defences, in explaining why organisations* may fail to meet their primary task. Introduction
Freud (1894) believes the ego uses defense mechanisms to protect itself from anxiety, which arises as a byproduct of the conflict between the
competing demands of the id and the superego. Building on Freud's theory, Klein (1959) theorised that the infant experiences anxiety in its' first few
months of life and deals with it by splitting and projective identification. The internal persecutory anxiety is projected onto the breast and... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The analogy of an iceberg is often used to demonstrate that what lies below the surface of the water (the unconscious) is greater than that which is
visible above the water (the conscious). These anxiety defense mechanisms are important in that they shape an individuals' behaviour, which in turn
will have an effect on the individual within and organisation and in turn can affect the organisation as a whole, not least as regards anxiety that arises
when confronted by change. Using these psychoanalytic theories, this paper will give a greater insight into the understanding of the functioning of
organisations, with an emphasis on anxiety and change and the ways in which individuals and groups defend against this–thus failing to achieve the
group's primary task. This paper will use ideas that began with Freud and further developed by Klein and then Bion–particularly Bion and his study of
groups. *For the purpose of this essay, the terms 'group' and 'organisations' will be used intermittently. A Potted History Before the 1930s, the
investigation of groups and organisations was not a generally recognised theory of study (De Board, R 1978). Psychoanalytic theory initially
concentrated on individuals and was first extended to group life by Freud (1922) Later, Melanie Klein 's (1946) object relations theory both built upon
and departed from Freud 's theories and

Abnormal Psychology Terms
Abnormal Psychology Terms 1. "even our negative emotions help us survive. for example, aren't our suspicious often justified?" most likely someone
with a ______ theoretical perspective made this statement "I knew right after we got home from the hospital that our kid had a problem," the parents
said. unless the parent is using 20–20 hindsight, the child's diagnosis most likely is "i'm concerned about Ritalin use; its possible effects on children's
growth, and its increasing heart–attack risk in hypertensive adults" an acquaintance worries. your best reply, based on the most recent research is "it is
obvious that this case of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." which type of psychologist... Show more
22. 23. a child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions
before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child a client being treated for
avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day–– defined as people greeted with at least the phrase, "Hello. How are
you?"–– in order to later engage in some desired activity. most likely, the therapist has which theoretical background a client being treated for
schizotypal personality disorder must show up for therapy appointments on time, dress appropriately, and complete some social skills training. most
likely the theoretical orientation of the therapist is a client suffers from severe problems in remembering recent information, and has increasing
difficulty using ordinary language and other cognitive skills. the resulting diagnosis probably will be a clouding of consciousness that develops over
a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called a friend asks your advice about the best therapy to use
for treating borderline personality

Narcissistic And Cult Leaders Essay
Narcissistic and Cult Leaders Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Cult Leaders
Every day we face and deal with either small or big issues relating to terrorist leaders from inside and outside of country. During the past decade we
have seen North Korean leader, Kim Jung Un, Osama bin Laden, Saddam Hussein, Fidel Castro of Cuba, Idi Amain of Uganda and more, who have
been described as crazy, cruel, lunatic, madman, psychopath and even worse. How could they acquire all the power, rule over people and become a
leader in a country if they were such a psychopath?
Ironically, they are just as rational as we are. We simply do not have a full understanding of their personalities, which are unusually different from
societal norms and expectation. They are defined as a personality disorder. There are six personality disorders classified: sadistic, antisocial, paranoid,
narcissistic, schizoid and schizotypal.
Remarkably, most of these cult leaders have been suffering from narcissistic personality disorder, which brings a dictatorship in social relationship and a
fatal negative influential to both oneself and others. Any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first cause of NPD is to have an inflated view of self or their importance, often at the expense of others. This trait is strongly associated with an
attraction to political leadership. Grandiose people tend to hunger for power. They strive to occupy important positions of power and often become
"dictators" toward establishing repressive structure, as Lobaczewski (2007) points out. They know how to manipulate people by skin color, language,
nationality, wealth, religion, etc. That evokes people's emotion to hatred or

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling
Who published the DSM–VI? American Psychiatric Association.
What is recorded on Axis III? General medical conditions
Anorexia Nervosa –refusal to maintain body weight, body weight less than 85% of the expected weight
–intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight
–disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced
–in postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea
Criteria for gender identity disorder
–a strong and persistent cross–gender identification (not for the cultural advantage of the other sex)
–persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in the gender of that sex.
–the disturbance I not concurrent with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by or should associate with, other special or high–status people or
institutions
–requires excessive admiration
–sense of entitlement
–interpersonally exploitative takes advantage of others to achieve his or her ends
–lack empathy
–often envious of other or believes that other are envious of him or her
–shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
–pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by
cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior beginning in early adulthood five or more of
–ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference) –odd beliefs or magical thinking

–unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
–odd thinking and speech
–suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
–inappropriate or constricted affect
–behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
–lack of close friend or confidants other than first–degree relatives
–excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoia.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
–pervasive pattern of detachment form social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.

Could Schizophrenia Be the Answer to the Mysterious...
Could Schizophrenia be the Answer to the
Mysterious Vampire Legend?
The vampire legend and many behaviors and experiences of schizophrenics seem to share many common traits. The traits that are most recognizable
are "fears of being enclosed, periods of semistarvation or complete starvation, which can be associated with periodic gorging, reversal of the day–night
cycle, and a preoccupation with or dread of mirrors" (Kayton 304). Though the term 'schizophrenia ' or 'demence precoce ' was only introduced in 1852
(Boyle 43), behaviors of people affected by this illness have been documented much earlier.
The concept of a dead person returning in his living physical form and feeding on the living is considered a vampire. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Here is where an important part of the legend draws reference. According to Kayton, the vampire (young suicide) was known to either devour or steal
the hearts of his victims. When the heart was stolen, it was placed over a fire to create an intense unfulfilled love in the bosom of the person it was
taken from (307). In Dracula we sort of get that sense the three vampire women wanted this from Jonathan. Because when the Count told them that
they could not have him, one of them boldly told him: "You yourself never loved" (55). Also, according to schizophrenic suicide history the family
members who were often attacked were mainly members who showed their guilt over the oral deprivation onto the fantasized vampire (patient) with
a feared oral attack (Kayton 311). That would be the logic of why the victims of the vampire are usually family members or persons they love; as we
witness this with Lucy as she tried to kiss Arthur a two different occasions when she became a vampire. This theory also suggests that the parent 's role
is very important and their actions with the child of either showing affection or rejection when the child attempts to become close to them (McMahon
212).
Besides the removal of the heart, unmistakably, the most important part of the legend is that the vampire attacks his victims by sucking out their blood.
There are claims that the attack of the vampire shows consistency with some of the unconscious fantasies of schizophrenic

Limitations Of Self Report Essay
Running head: LIMITATIONS OF SELF–REPORT DATA
Assignment 2
Limitation of Self–Report Data by Samantha, BScOT
Faculty of Behavioral Sciences,
YUniversity
for
Theories of Personality
Professor
August 8, 2011
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in the development of web based psychological self–help sites over the past decade. Many of these sites offer test and
measures focusing on various aspect of personality and psychological functioning. The tests on the websites use self–report data to obtain information.
While self–report data is easily obtained and is considered a reliable source of information in most circumstances, it is not without its limitations. This
paper will examine the limitations of self–report data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The test consists of 70 questions; one to identify gender and the rest requiring a yes or no response. According to the website home page, "this site is an
interactive community for teens and twenty–something's", which included various interactive elements such as polls, forums and assessments. The site
emphasises that this is not a diagnostic test and that only a professional can diagnose a true personality disorder. The assessment was completed fully on
two separate occasions and variations in the assessment are documented by date in Table 1.
|Disorder |Rating |
|Paranoid |Low |
|Schizoid |Low |
|Antisocial |Low |
|Borderline |Low |
|Histrionic |Low |

Melanie Klein, The Mother Of Object Relations
She is a drive theorist who influenced child psychology and is known as the mother of Object Relations. Melanie Klein believed that drives are object
seeking, relational in their essence and not just meant for resolutions of tensions as Freud suggested.
Klein postulated that internal object formation is integral to the psychic life of the infant and is based on powerful struggle between the internal forces
of 'life' and death instincts', child's 'phantasy', 'innate envy' and 'gratification and lack of ' with the prime object (mother).
Klein believed that the mother is most important and infants have an "innate mother' an unconscious inner knowing by the child of the primal maternal
image of the mother," .
She laid emphasis on 'phantasy'; a state of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The client for the therapist sometimes plays out this position also. Is he there to be good or bad?
'Depressive position' follows the paranoid schizoid position as the anxiety of being destroyed by the object gets replaced by fear of destroying the
object. The infant then begins a cycle where some negativity is internalized in order to gain control of it, and some good is projected onto the mother
so that she could protect the infant. These cycles of projection and introjection continue until the infant realizes that the good mother and the bad
mother are one and the mother whom he phantasized of destroying is the same mother he loves.
This causes immense guilt for earlier persecutory feelings towards the object and the infant realizes that the mother cannot be blamed all the time and
this explains the far away look children have sometimes in their eyes.
The infant suffers from depressive anxiety and this position is defined by 'a loss of innocence' . This is a healthy development and depressive word
is misleading here because actually it's a step forward and if this position is not resolved it can lead to

Joseph Heller's Catch-22
Joseph Heller's critically acclaimed novel Catch–22 is an example of a novel that was never meant to be "just a story". Every chapter peels away a
layer of analytical depth in which none but the most sophisticated minds can fully conquer. Robert M. Young's psychoanalytical approach to Catch
–22
can be divided into three interpretations: why his focus on the psychoanalytical structure is correct, how his ideas accurately reflect Joseph Heller's
intended purpose for the novel, and how his analysis impacts the overall perception of the novel. "Helplessness against the destructive forces within is
ubiquitous and constitutes the greatest physical danger–situation known to the human organism" (Young 1).Catch–22 is a novel that is interpreted and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first time reading the novel, it can be described as a satire with plenty of black humor. However, upon rereading it and paying further attention to
the syntax and diction, one can begin to see the novel through Young's eyes. "The novel– one of the century's greatest and one whose subtleties I have
only begun to convey – turns on what happens at the intersection of character and the institutionalized reifications and cruelties of debased societies
and societies at war, internally and with nominally external enemies" (Young 8). To summarize, Young is stating how the pressures of war and the
expectations of society lean heavily on the shoulders of the individual. These kinds of burdens induce heavy psychological damages along with the
troubles of external problems (i.e. the "nominally external enemies"). After reading Young's critical review, one gains the ability to read the novel in a
new light, and further appreciate the enormous complexity Joseph Heller wove through the sentences. For example, page 356 says, "It was almost no
trick at all, he saw, to turn vice into virtue and slander into truth, impotence into abstinence, arrogance into humility, plunder into philanthropy, thievery
into honor, blasphemy into wisdom, brutality into patriotism, and sadism into justice" (Young 8). The complexity–as well as the raw truth–of the
above sentence shows the kinds

Comparing Fairbairn 's Motivation Behind His Departure...
nd contrast Fairbairn's motivation behind his departure from Freud's structural model and development of object relation's theory
Introduction
It is widely accepted that Sigmund Freud coined the term Psychoanalysis.
Within this he derived a number of models over the period of his life to explain how the psyche operates and from where trauma originates, which
subsequently led to the development of psychoanalysis.
Ronald Fairbairn was a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh teaching medicine where he incorporated his extensive knowledge of Freud's structural
model in his lectures. It was during this time that uncertainties provoked Fairbairn to questions the accuracy of the structural model and initiated
Fairbairn's quest to find an alternative theory, which later led to him becoming one of the key contributors to Object relations theory along side,
Melanie Klein, and D.W Winnicott. (Object relations theory and practice An introduction, David E. Scharff, pg 5 1996)
This essay will compare and contrast some of the key reasons for Fairbairn's departure from Freud's Structural model and drive theory and look at the
theory behind object relations and how it is used in therapy today.
The Pleasure principle
Freud's structural model illustrates that within every individual there is tripartite structure consisting of the Id, Ego and Super Ego.
Freud argued that an individual's instinctual drive was sexually orientated. In the same way that "hunger seeks nutrition,

Psychology of the Unconscious
Introduction Through the different processes of social attachment and detachment, individuals are shaped and influenced because of the way people
and entities become connected in our shared worlds (Redman, 2008a, p. 181). These processes are important mechanisms by which collective worlds
and the individuals who reside in these worlds are created (Redman, 2008b, p. 4). From a psychoanalytic point of view, sociologists suggest that these
social attachments happen through processes that are, to some extent, unconscious (The Open University, 2014a). These processes, which range from
thoughts and feelings to impulses and emotional textures, are not easily available to conscious reflection. However, the effects of unconscious activity
can be located in conscious thought and witnessed in human interactions (Redman and Whitehouse–Hart, 2008, p. 60). These unconscious processes
mediate our personal awareness of social worlds by 'translating' the individuals and entities we encounter in the outer world into forms that 'resonate
with internal experiences, preoccupations, fantasies and senses of self–other relationships' (Chodorow, 1999, cited in Redman, 2008a, p. 177). This
assignment will explore how social worlds are mediated by unconscious processes using research surveillance from the television programme 'Big
Brother', the Northern Ireland 'Troubles' and the case of Victoria ClimbiГ©. Furthermore, it will outline some potential criticisms of this claim.
Transference, projection,

Klein's Influence On Children And Young Essay
In terms of biological drives, Klein believed drives were aimed toward objects, such as an infant seeking milk from a mother's breast. The object's in
an infant's world, especially during the first few months of life are essentially good or bad. Thus, if the child receives milk, the breast is good, if not,
it is bad. Klein posits that the objects within one's world as an infant consist of gratification and hostility. In addition to drives, infants are focused on
the internal object, which is more of a fantasy than an object based in reality, as the infant struggles to know the difference at this point in life. These
fantasies are representations of bodily instincts and urges that the infant can feel physically and mentally. Thus in the case of the "bad breast", the
infant is frustrated and feels discomfort due to not receiving the milk, and this is interpreted by the infant as if he or she was being attacked by a
hostile force. As the child develops, he or she begins to understand the good and bad breast are one in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She concludes that the superego is present at birth and the Oedipal complex occurs during the first year of life as well. Klein theorized that the ego
and superego continue based on functions the caregiver performed for the child. She notes that the "good breast" is the main point allowing the ego to
develop, similar to the "good enough mother" posed by Winnicott. Klein notes that life and death instinct are deflected onto an external object which is
often the breast, either satisfying or frustrating. Thus the breast is the object allowing the child to begin the development of the ego. The superego
stems from an infant's views of his or her parents, thus they are not accurate representations but based on the infant's feelings and fantasies that lead to
superego

Essay on The Psychoanalytic Perspective on Infant Development
Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was the first to develop a theory of human development with a focus on unconscious processes and
instincts. Freud believed unconscious conflicts in early childhood can determine who a person will be in adulthood. He also believed that the mind
contains three parts known as the id, ego, and superego, which govern a person's judgment (Frank, 2013). The id, which Freud believed to be present
at birth, is viewed as the childlike part of the unconscious. It is pleasure seeking and represents a person's wants, instincts, and drives. The ego, which
is both conscious and unconscious, is the adult part of a person's mind as well as the compromising component between the id and the supergo. It
serves as a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the latency stage of development, a person's energy is sublimated into activities such as school, sports, and friendships. Finally, in the genital
stage the person reaches adolescence and sexual energy is focused onto others, and it is at this stage that all prior conflicts may once again arise
(Maheshwari, 2013). Freud's theory of the unconscious sparked an interest in a man named Carl Jung. He followed Freud to America, but later began
his own theories on the mind. Carl Jung was another major traditional psychoanalyst. Jung's theory of the unconscious differs slightly than that of
Freud's in that he divided the unconscious into two parts; the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious contains
all of a person's unconscious thoughts, ideas, and memories, including those that have been repressed. Jung believed the collective unconscious
contains an innate knowledge about ways of reacting that have been inherited by human ancestry in what he called archetypes (Cherry, n.d.). Studies
that support Jung's theory found that there are a variety of emotions which correspond to every infant and are relevant to all cultures. Accordingly, a
well–known Jungian analyst named Anthony Stevens found that attachment in infancy is proof of archetypes by the way this characteristic can be
seen across the world and all cultures (p. 235). However, critics of Jung's theory argue that the emerging field of epigenetics puts a

Essay about Psychological Disorders
Psychological Disorders' Presentation
"Psychological disorders are behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or impaired functioning (Nevid &
Rathus, 2005)." Many people battle different kinds of disorders ranging from anxiety, dissociative, somatoform, moodiness, schizophrenia, personality,
and many other disorders (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Some are so mild that people do not recognize when they have it, and some are so severe
that they become a nuisance to the community. A disorder is simply an abnormal way of acting toward something. Psychologists have a reference
guide called the DSM IV, which is the updated version of the DSM (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). A detailed guide that helps... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Psychodynamic theorists believe that conversions occur as a result of bad thoughts to do something harmful to someone including their self. The
body creates its own symptoms and mental blocks to keep from doing something irrational (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). They subconsciously
learn to act a certain way in the presence of their fear or anxiety (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Cognitive theorists think that hypochondrias over
amplify the significance of unimportant events or objects (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Mood disorders are rigorous annoyance of one's mood. It
is common to experience moodiness, but it is not normal to be in a bad or depressed disposition (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Major depression
and bipolar disorder are two main contributions to moodiness within one's self. "As a result of the major depression disorder may be in a bad or
depressed mood, change in appetite, problems sleeping, and/or loss of interest for anything pleasurable(Nevid & Rathus, 2005)." Women are
more likely to endure depression than men are due to the lack of equality within the community and the extra burdens such as taking care of children
and working (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). A bipolar disorder consists of someone being able to go from extreme happiness to extreme depression in a
split second (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). People

Socm Study Guide Essay
Chapter 1 ELO's Describe the basic functions of living organisms. A. Responsiveness – organisms respond to changes in their immediate environment
(long term changes is adaptability) B. Growth – over a lifetime, organisms grow larger through an increase in size or number of cells. Differentiation is
when cells have specialized functions C. Reproduction – Organisms reproduce, creating subsequent generations of similar organisms D. Movement –
Organisms are capable of movement a. Internal – moving food, blood, or other materials internally b. External – moving through environment E.
Metabolism – Organisms rely on complex chemical reactions to provide the energy for responsiveness, growth,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To survive every living organism must maintain homeostasis. Describe how positive (+) and negative (–) feedback are involved in homeostatic
regulation * Negative feedback provides longterm regulatory control that results in relatively stable internal conditions * Positive feedback is
important in driving a potentially dangerous or stressful process to completion. * Negative feedback opposes stimuli, positive feedback reinforces
stimuli Use anatomical terms to describe body sections, body regions, and relative positions. Body regions– – Cephalon (head)– axillia (armpit) –
Cervicis (neck)– Brachium (arm) – Thoracis (chest)– Ante Brachium (forearm)– Abdomen– Manus (hand) – Pelvis– Thigh – Loin (lower back)– leg
(anterior) – Buttock– Calf – Pubis (anterior pelvis)– Pes (foot) – Groin Body sections– Transverse plane – cuts the body parallel to the ground as the
person is standing. Positions are referred to as superior (top) or inferior (bottom). Frontal plane – or coronal plane, cuts the body length wise and is
dividing it into a anterior (front) and posterior (back) section. Sagittal Plane – also cuts the body length wise, but divides it into a right and left half A
cut the produces an equal left and right half is a midsagittal section *

Essay about Psy/240 Final Project: Analyzing...
Analyzing Psychological Disorders In an attempt to gain a position as a psychologist, I will be discussing schizophrenia and the disorder's casual
factors, associated symptoms, the areas of the brain it affects, and the neural basis of the disorder. I will continue on to discuss appropriate drug
therapies. In addition I will also be reviewing two separate case studies, each on a different disorder. I will be examining each problem from the
perspective of a bio psychologist. I will define the patient's diagnosis at length I will relate each case to the nature–nurture theory, and talk about any
helpful drug interventions or solutions for each disorder. When talking about drug intervention, it is also important to discuss the positive and... Show
Most people with anorexia have a distorted image of their body. An anorexic will look into the mirror and see fat, even if they are sickly thin. Most
commonly, anorexia begins in the teen years. This may be related to the common self–image problems that many teens suffer from. Anorexia tends to
be more common in females than in males, and early intervention seems to be the key when dealing with this disorder. When left untreated,
anorexia can lead to a whole slew of physical problems. Health problems related to anorexia include osteoporosis, kidney damage or failure, heart
problems, and even death. Anorexia also affects the brain, as a person starves themself their metabolism changes. This change in the body causes a
person not to think clearly or make good decisions. As anorexia progresses, a person will begin to have irrational behavior. For example, a person
suffering from anorexia will often make rules about the amount of food they are "allowed" to consume. Others may start to purge themselves after
eating even the tiniest bit of food, which is known as Bulimia. Anorexia can also bring on another psychological disorder; Depression. Depression is a
mental illness that causes a person to feel sad and hopeless most of the time. People that suffer from depression will lose interest in things that they
previously enjoyed, speak slower than normal, have trouble concentrating and remembering things, and be preoccupied by death

Fragmentation Case Study: Avoidly-Schizoid Position
After some time in therapy Paul is quoted as saying "Because I felt that the badness was inside me, I felt I had more control. I could figure out
how to be good so I wouldn't get hurt anymore" (Heller and LaPierre, 2012 pp 279). Paul felt that being angry made him like his father and
therefore 'bad', but by splitting off his anger and rage this meant he was not like his father and therefore 'good' (Heller and LaPierre, 2012 pp 280).
This demonstrated that Paul "foreclosed" a part of himself "to preserve the attachment relationship" with his parents. This was at great cost for his
sense of self, and for Paul his 'bad' self, became the object of his hatred. He is described in the case, as hating himself "for needing, for feeling, for his
many symptoms" and "even for existing" (Heller and LaPierre, 2012 pp 280).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fragmentation, the object and/or the self are split into many and smaller pieces and it is in Kleinian terms a feature of the paranoid–schizoid
position. During the paranoid–schizoid period (0–6mths) the child encounters their first object, the breast and how the child interacts with this object
constitutes the infants first real object relation and the first opportunity to deal with their destructive urges (Cashdan 1988). If fragmentation is used
persistently by the infant, this weakens the fragile unintegrated ego and causes severe disturbance (Bott–Spillius, Milton, Garvey, Couve, Steiner

Analysis Of The Narrator ' Of The Same Name ' By Edgar...
Charles Jenkin
Prof. Vogtman
ENG 205
11 December 2016
The Role of the Narrator in Poe's Ligeia
A widower who has suffered the loss of his beautiful, beloved, and entirely idealized wife, Ligeia, narrates Edgar Allen Poe's short story of the same
name. Soon after Ligeia's death, the narrator enters into an unfulfilling marriage with the Lady Rowena. The narrative concludes with Rowena 's death
and what vaguely appears to be the resurrection of Ligeia. Poe's short story may typically be read as a "ghost story", in which the dead Ligeia's will to
live overcomes death with its sheer power; however, the narrator, throughout the story, demonstrates that he is almost entirely unable to tell reality from
fantasy, and functions primarily in the "schizoid–position" (Schueller 601)–as evidenced by his use of many a psychological defense
mechanism–hallucinates that Ligeia kills Rowena then returns from the dead. In this interpretation, the narrator's own will for Ligeia's life is
expressed through his fantasy, which is enhanced by his heavy use of opium. Using this interpretation, it can not be the will of Ligeia that brings her
back to life, but rather the narrator's own extreme mental illness. Although the story "Ligeia" appears at first glance to be about the power of the
eponymous character's will to live, the story's primary focus actually lies in the narrator, and through his psychological breakdown the true heart of the
story is born. A reasonable assumption is that the

Catch 22 Psychology
Psychology in Catch–22 Catch–22 is a black comedy novel about death, about what people do when faced with the daily likelihood of annihilation.
For the most part what they do is try to survive in any way they can. The book begins, 'The island of Pianosa lies in the Mediterranean Sea eight miles
south of Elba.' That is the geographical location of the action. Much of the emotional plot of the book turns on the question of who's crazy, and I
suggest that it is illuminating to look at its world in Kleinian terms. The location of the story in the inner world is the claustrum – a space inside the
psychic anus, at the bottom of the psychic digestive tract, where everyone lives perpetually in projective identification, and the only... Show more
The intensity and complexity of the nurse's anxieties are to be attributed primarily to the peculiar capacity of the objective features of her work
situation to stimulate afresh these early situations and their accompanying emotions' (Lyth, 1959, pp. 46–7). There are such nurses in the perverse
world of Catch 22. They tend the Man in White, in plaster from head to toe, arms and legs encased and extended. Those whose job it is to tend him
routinely take the bottle of plasma going in and the bottle of urine going out and change them round: there is no difference between nourishment
and waste, introjection and projection; fair is foul and foul is fair. Bion describes the church and the army as exemplary organisations for
embodying the pathology of group relations. Pianosa is an Army Air Corps base, run by mad, ambitious officers, reeking of arrogance and
sycophancy, for whom success and failure are the only measures of worth (p. 262) and survival is always at risk. Their survival in career terms is
maintained at the expense of the literal survival of the officers and enlisted men who lie below them in the military hierarchy. The hierarchy includes
General Dreedle, who is astonished to learn that he cannot have anyone shot who irritates him (pp. 218, 279), General Peckem, head of Special
Services, who cares only for bureaucratic power in the table of organisation and thinks it eminently rational that combat operations should come under
his

Melanie Klein's Interpretation Of Dreams By Sigmund Freud
Melanie Klein was a truly inspiring psychoanalysis. With no previous education in this field and being a working mother of three children she
"discovered" psychoanalysis after reading 'Interpretation of dreams' by Sigmund Freud. She brought about a new way of child analysis by introducing
play with toys and showed us the importance of the early stages of a child's development. She also taught us about depressive and paranoid–schizoid
positions and which are still used in psychoanalysis today. All of this however, came at a cost to Klein; she was in a loveless marriage, suffered
depression with the pregnancy of her second child and spent a lot of time away from her children when they were young. She also lost a lot of close
people to her throughout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her mother died a few months later and her husband Arthur went to war. This was the start of Klein reading Freud's 'Interpretations of dreams'. She
also started her own analysis with a Hungarian psychoanalyst Sandor Ferenczi. He encouraged her to take an interest in her own children
psychoanalytically. "Her discovery that a child's play could be used as the equivalent of an adults 'free association' – a means of gaining access to the
unconscious modes of thought" (Juliet Mitchell, 1987 p. 35). He was so impressed with her work that he gave her the role of clinical assistant at the
association of child research. Klein worked very hard there and in 1919 she submitted a paper about child development and schooling to the Hungarian
Psycho–Analytical Society and was admitted as psychoanalysis because of this. "One of the many interesting and surprising experiences of the
beginner in child analysis is to find even in very young children a capacity for insight which is often far greater than that of adults" (Melanie Klein.
(n.d.). BrainyQuote.com).
In 1921, Melanie had to leave Hungary due to the anti–Semitic atmosphere after the war. Her marriage broke up with Arthur, this had been rocky for
some time and she moved her family to Berlin. Her daughter Melitta studied medicine there and Klein was analysed by Karl Abraham a German
Psychoanalysist. Abraham was very influential on Melanie and supported her work

Abnormal Psychology Chapter Mood Disorders
Chapter 7––Mood Disorders and Suicide Key
1. Prior to the DSM–IIIR, conditions that are currently characterized as mood disorders were referred to by several different names, including all of
the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. 2. depressive disorders affective disorders psychotic episodes depressive neuroses
One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means: A. a feeling of worthlessness B. an altered pattern of sleep C.
indecisiveness D. an inability to experience pleasure
3.
Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called: A. major depressive disorder B. dysthymia C. cyclothymia
D. profound depression
4.
Most episodes of major depression are time–limited, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although grieving is considered a normal process it does sometimes become a psychological disorder. Which of the following cases would NOT
be diagnosed as a pathological grief reaction? A. Mr. A experienced a death in his family. In addition to symptoms of depression, he has been
having auditory hallucinations in which he hears other deceased people talking to him. B. Miss B. has experienced the death of a close friend.
She is so depressed that she has no appetite, no energy and is suicidal. C. Mrs. C's dog recently died. Three weeks later her friends suggest that she
get another dog "to help her get over the loss." Mrs. C. refuses and says she just isn't ready to get another dog and besides, it would be impossible to
replace her beloved "Toto." D. Dr. D's wife died a few months ago. Recently, in addition to his depressive symptoms, he has been having paranoid
delusions in which he believes that certain unnamed individuals are planning to remove his wife's body from the grave.
25.
Anhedonia is: A. loss of energy B. inability to engage in pleasurable activities C. inability to focus or concentrate D. loss of speech

26.
If a friend of yours stops sleeping and suddenly claims that he is going to go to law school and medical school simultaneously so he can change the
world you might suspect he is: A. anxious B. depressed C. manic D. anhedonic
27.
During a dysphoric manic episode the patient experiences mania and:

Contribution Of Grethe Hilferding
G. Jung Institute in Zurich and became the successor to Carl Jung. He believed in the transcending of self healing from within the very illness itself in
his book. Healing Dream and Rituals.
Sabrina Spielrein (Jewish) 1885–1942. One of the first women psychoanalyst. A patient, then student and lover of Carl Jung and had collegial
relationships with Sigmund Freud and underwent psychoanalysis under Jean Piaget. She was an eclectic thinker, writing 35 papers in French, Russian
and German languages, covering developmental psychology, psycholinguistics and educational psychology and releasing her most influential essay
entitled; Destruction as the cause of coming into being in 1912. She lost her life in the concentration camps during the Holocaust.
Margarethe Hilferding 1871–1942. Hilferding was the first woman to be invited into the Vienna Psychological Society whom was a follower of
individual psychology. A teacher and doctor, she championed women's rights in 1924 and pushed to legalise abortions, health for the nation and
contraception to be paid for by the Government. She championed that the veto of a family regarding children should be met by Government funds
and they should take care of the child in such cases. She educated herself to address the criticism of a women's intelligence as women were not
allowed to attend universities until 1898 when Hilferding was one of the first to do so as a woman right to be educated within Universities started in
1900. Later giving

Turning Ineffective Employees and Bosses into Performers:...
TURNING INEFFECTIVE EMPLOYEES AND BOSSES INTO PERFORMERS: THE NEW WORLD ORDER
By: Dr. Tiffany Jordan, PhD Professor and Researcher of International Business and Management Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga
Doctor_Tiffany@excite.com Doctor_Tiffdany@yahoo.com
September, 2002
Abstract: The objectives of this paper is to: (I) examine the underlying issues of poor performers in organizations and to better understand the causal
relationship between leadership style and subordinate performance; (ii) to explore the perceptions of how bosses and subordinates mutually influence
each other 's behavior; and (iii) it is intended to heighten the readers' awareness on some of the issues and problems that can cause poor performance.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One might even speculate that this is related to the disappointing results in so many organizations that have downsized. The emerging evidence (e.g.
McKinley, et.al, 1995) questions the bottom–line wisdom of downsizing. Many studies point to the negative consequences of downsizing in terms of
morale, commitment and the enduring work of the "survivors." This analysis discusses ineffective employees and effective leadership qualities so that
managers and employees can examine and improve their skills. The conforming, loyal "organizational man and woman" of the 50 's and 60 's (Whyte,
1956) has given way to the authorized, risk–taking "enterprising" employee of the 1990 's. By freeing people of the bureaucratic encumbrances and
"empowering" them to take action, New Order organizations aim to promote success through more sophisticated collaboration, through teams whose
members represent and integrate different specialties, and through the heightened interpersonal competence which arises as people fill their roles more
passionately (Drucker, 1994). A significant shift is taking place in organizations throughout the world–a shift that has important implications for the
skills that will be critical to your success both as a member of organizations and as a manager and leader. This shift involves increasing the emphasis
on the group or team.

Melanie Kleinian Theory
Melanie Klein was a truly inspiring psychoanalysis. With no previous education in this field and being a working mother of three children she
"discovered" psychoanalysis. She introduced a new way of child analysis by introducing play with toys and showed us the importance of the early
stages of a child's development. "Her lack of formal medical training was initially an obstacle to her professional development, but it was probably
another asset in allowing her to develop her own ideas and thoughts" (Robert Hinshelwood, Susan Robinson and Oscar Zarate, 1999, p. 31). She also
introduced us to depressive and paranoid–schizoid positions and which are still used in psychoanalysis today. All of this however, came at a cost to
Klein; she was in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Introjection is where the external object is transferred to the inside. An example of this would be when a loved one has died, that person and their traits
are part of their identity. These theories are still used in psychotherapy today.
Paranoid–schizoid position is another Kleinian theory and it is described as 'splitting the self and the object into the good and bad'. The mothers
breast can be seen by a child as opposite in nature at different times, the good breast (gratifying object) and the bad breast (frustrating object) .The
splitting allows the good object to stay separate from the bad, keeping things a child love apart from things they don't.
The next phase of this theory 'Depressive position' is a person's ability to handle his or her own feelings and instincts. Klein thought the feeling of
guilt and anxiety determine and defines a person's physical position. If this issue is not addressed during childhood then the chances of the depressive
position occurring in adulthood is much higher. "Guilt and grief over hateful attacks and over the damaged state of external and internal objects,
varying in level of felt catastrophe on a scale from normal mourning for loss to severe depression" (Melanie Klein Trust

A Profile Of Hamilton ' Albert ' Fish '
A Profile of Hamilton "Albert" Fish
In the early summer of 1870 a forth child, Hamilton, was born into the home of Randall and Ellen Fish of Washington, DC. The Fish family had a
history of severe mental disorders: an paternal uncle who had been diagnosed with religious psychosis, a maternal uncle who was diagnosed with
schizophrenia, and his mother claimed she had visions. Hamilton 's siblings also had problems: his brother was confined to a state mental hospital, his
sister was diagnosed with a mental affliction, and his youngest brother was slow–witted and an alcoholic(Wertham, 2012). In 1870, little was known
about the lineage of schizophrenia , its sub–types, and how it could effect future generations. Today we know genetic factors may lead to schizophrenia
and its sub types(Esterberg,2010). Little Hamilton Fish was born with a vulnerability to schizophrenia and its sub–types. This type of genetic
vulnerability is called a genetic marker. It is easier to think of a genetic marker as a genetic light switch, while not all switches are turned on, some
times a factor comes along and switches it to the on position; thus, the person develops the genetic disorder. The traits and subtypes of this disorder
in individuals who have been abused can develop in to a perceived evil that will shock and strike terror in to society. In 1874, Randall Fish died of a
heart attack. Unable to care for her children Randall Fish 's wife,Ellen Fish, placed five year old

Understanding of the Self Essay
Understanding of the Self
INTRODUCTION The social constructionist perspective holds the view that the self is continuing "shaped and reshaped through interactions with
others and involvement in social and cultural activities" (Wetherell & Maybin, 1996, p 220). Social constructionist is concerned with explicating the
processes by which people come to describe, explain, or otherwise account for the world (including themselves) in which they live (Gergen, 1971).
Thus, the social constructionist approach implies that the self is shaped by social interaction within historical, cultural and social contexts. Social
constructionist's apply an analysis of societal level which explain the self through social relations. Conversely, the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the argument as presented by the social constructionist view is that self identity is shaped through a combination of interactions between the
society and the individual (Wetherell and Maybin, 1996). An example to support would be social constructionist's Miller and Sperry whose finding
discovered connections in the emotions of a child's and his mother's. Thus they believe that this finding proves that there is an internalisation and
construction of one self through descriptive stories and social distribution (Wetherell & Maybin, 1996).
Both the social constructionist and the psychodynamic views adopt a hermeneutic epistemology, which centers on the analysis of a person's actions,
their fundamental influences and how the external social world can be internalised and represented symbolically within an individual (Stevens, 1996).
However, there are key differences between the two views. The social constructionist applies a societal study approach which converge the external
society and the social relationships within it. This implying that the self is built–up and continually developed through multiple social networks
(Sapsford, 1996). On the other hand, psychodynamic theories applies psychoanalytical

The Death Of A Old White Male Maths Degree Student 's...
i–
Matthew is a twenty–five–year–old white male Maths degree student who came to therapy because is worried about becoming depressed and he
linked it to his relationship with girlfriend breaking down. He is concerned about dropping out of university as he is beginning to be withdrawn. He
has a history of depression in since his teenage hood.
Matthew felt neglect when throughout his childhood and teenage years as his parents ' attention went to his younger autistic sister. He struggles to
remember his early life memories, although he remembers about leaving Norway when he was three–year–old. He has been avoiding contact with his
parents at the present moment.
Anger may be an underline issue as he turned it to himself (substance misuse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He presents also a self–destructive behaviour using alcohol and cannabis as a self–medication.
Underlining issues are he cannot rely on other and behaves self–sufficient, problems with authority figures, anger, loss, rejection and suicide ideation.
Word Count: 302 ii– It is widely agreed that early childhood experiences influence adult life (Freud, 1899, 1901). Freud (1914) suggested that when
someone is unable to have memories from childhood it could be used as a defence shutting off memories. Although I am not attempting to review the
literature I do wish to mention the work of Freud (1893, 1910, 1933) about his written about the unconscious processes which establishes a link
between the physical symptoms of hysteria and traumatic memories repressed. In fact, the memories were repressed they were not lost and it could be
retrieved through psychoanalysis technics. Freud (1923) suggested that the repression theory is when certain forces oppose to some ideas to become
conscious. In addition, Freud (1900) came to the conclusion the unconscious processes use dreams to express hidden wish–fulfilment.
Accordingly with Klein (1997), object relations exist from the beginning of life. For the baby, the mother 's breast is the first object, and the baby,
fearing disintegration or annihilation splits the object into good (gratifying) and bad (frustrating). As a result of this splitting, love and

Fantasies: Narcissism And Schizoid Personality
Fantasies– Narcissists harbour fantasies for what their life could be like. They create their own fantasy worlds where they are the main "character."
Some narcissists are caught up in this delusion while others strive to achieve their ideal life. (A tendency to create fictional worlds is also
characteristic of schizoid personality disorder.)
Uniqueness– Narcissists believe that they are superior or special to the people around them; it is an innate feeling. Even if the narcissist has not done
anything commendable or praiseworthy, they will still believe that they are special.
Admiration– Narcissists want praise, compliments, and expressions of envy. This makes the narcissist feel powerful or special; it feeds their ego.
Sincerity is not an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To the narcissist, envy is a natural part of their lifestyle.
Arrogance– Their egocentrism results in a haughty attitude. They hold themselves in formal ways and will speak as though they are from a higher or
superior position. This arrogance also lets narcissists treat other people as inferior to them. They are dismissive or rude to people whom they consider
to be "sub par" to them.
In an article published by Russ and other researchers, they look at narcissism through a new lense. They attempt to find the most characteristic and
distinctive features of NPD; furthermore they attempt to identify various subtypes of NPD. They proposed three main subtypes of NPD, grandiose
/malignant, high–functioning/exhibitionistic, and fragile.
Grandiose/Malignant
Grandiose narcissism is characterized by seething anger, a lack of remorse, exaggerated self–importance, feelings of privilege, interpersonal
manipulativeness, and a pursuit of interpersonal power and control. Grandiose narcissists do not suffer from any self esteem issues, and the only
negative emotion they feel is anger. These narcissists have little knowledge of their destructive behaviour and personality. Grandiose narcissists also
suffer the most from substance abuse and are often also the perpetrator in adult abusive relationships. Furthermore these narcissists may also have
paranoid and antisocial personality disorders (Russ et.al,

Theories Of Schizophrenia
For example, term schizophrenia is a disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functional functioning deteriorates as a result of a disturbed
thought process. Moreover, people who have this disorder, though they previously functioned well or at least acceptable, in contrast, deteriorate into an
isolated wilderness of unusual perceptions. Couple with schizophrenia's symptoms of his disorder and of at the theories that have been developed to
explain them. As well as an individual with schizophrenia experience psychosis, then the loss of contact with actuality. Then their ability to perceive
and respond to the environment become of a disturbed that they may not be able to function at work, with friends, in school, or at home. Also, ... Show
Genes have been known to play an active role in schizophrenia. It is difficult to ascertain the exact effect because there is heavy variation. Also, people
who have a first–degree relative suffering from schizophrenia have 6.5% more chances acquiring it than others. Monozygotic twins have 40% or
more the risk is 13%or more the figures surely look scary to people who have a history of schizophrenia and given the above facts, a direct relationship
between schizophrenia and genes cannot be ignored.
Additionally, environmental causes. Environmental factors have been found playing a very vital role in the development of these diseases the living
environment of even prenatal stress has been found as contributory factors. Also, if the mother has been constantly under stress or threat while
expecting, such children have a greater risk of attracting mental disorders or being psychotic. Parents have not a direct connection with the

Essay On Discuss Homosexuality In The Beat Generation

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Alissa Cruz

More from Alissa Cruz (13)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Essay On Discuss Homosexuality In The Beat Generation