In this lesson, you will learn about the species and fossils of a naturalist that travel to islands or other lands and observe the species and the fossils. You will understand about the evidence that the naturalist gave to the people to let them know about the species.

1. LESSON 10.2: DARWIN`S
OBSERVATIONS
By Ali Mohamed Ali in
Grade 10

2. INTRODUCTIONS
 In this lesson we are going to know about Darwin.
 In this lesson we are going to know about Darwin`s observations.
 In this lesson we are going to learn about how Darwin observed
differences among island species.
 In this lesson we are going to learn the ways that Darwin observed
fossils and geologic evidence supporting an ancient Earth.
 Later on we will summarize this lesson by questions and answers.
 In the end we are going to do group activities.
Remember to copy those part that has been told by the presenter.
Remember that only the presenter will select each member to a
specific group.

3. DARWIN AS CHARLES DARWIN IS A
NATURALIST
His biography
Charles Robert Darwin, February
1809 – 19 April 1882, he was an
English naturalist, geologist and
biologist, best known for his
contributions to the science of
evolution. In a joint publication
with Alfred Russel Wallace, he
introduced his scientific theory
that this branching pattern of
evolution resulted from a process
that he called natural selection,
in which the struggle for
existence has a similar effect to
His observations
Darwin's theory of evolution by
natural selection includes four
important observations of
nature: Members of a population
of the same species vary in their
traits. Traits can be inherited, or
passed from parents to
offspring. Populations are
capable of producing more
offspring than the environment
can support.

4. THE GENERATION OF CHARLES
DARWIN
Before After

5. DARWIN OBSERVED
DIFFERENCES AMONG
ISLAND SPECIES
Main Idea
1

6. ISLAND SPECIES
The strange plants and animals
of the Galápagos Islands puzzled
Darwin. Many lived only on the
Galápagos--and sometimes only
on one specific island. Instead, in
countless details, they were more
like species from the mainland of
South America. That would make
sense if they were migrants. But
while many birds, plants, insects,
reptiles, and even mollusks on
the Galápagos resembled South
American species, they were also
slightly different. These two
Galapagos in the picture at the

7. DARWIN USED TWO THINGS IN HIS
OBSERVATIONS
Variation Adaptation

8. COMPARISON BETWEEN
OBSERVING SPECIES IN
DIFFERENT ISLANDS
 Darwin noted that the species found on one island looked different
from those on nearby islands and that many of the islands` species
looked different from those on the nearest mainland.
 The differences between species on different islands was especially
noticeable in the Galapagos Islands, an island chin off the coast of
Ecuador in South America. Some differences seemed well suited to
the animal environment and diets.
 For example, The great blue heron is found Along river valleys that
they may be found at fairly high elevations along the Skagit River near
Ross Lake. When foraging, they stand silently along the shore, waiting
for prey to come by, then they stab the prey with a quick lunge of the
bill. They will also stalk prey slowly and deliberately.
 These observations led Darwin to realize that species may somehow

9. DARWIN OBSERVED FOSSIL
AND GEOLOGIC EVIDENCE
SUPPORTING AN ANCIENT
EARTH
Main Idea
2

10. FOSSILS OBSERVED BY DARWIN
WITH EVIDENCEDespite Darwin's argument that
the fossil record is likely to be a
poor and biased sampling of
historical events leading to the
origin and evolution of species, he
nevertheless goes on to show how
it is consistent with branching
evolution.
A. New species have appeared
gradually.
B. All species have changed, but
rates of change are unequal.
C. Rates of change may be
unequal in consecutive strata.

11. FOSSIL PREDICTION OF DARWIN
 Charles Darwin made no bones (pardon
the pun) about predicting that the forensic
fossil evidence would ultimately prove his
theory right.
 Darwin's confidence in future
paleontologists finding "a lot of
transitional" fossils.
 Darwin prophesied that future
generations of paleontologists would fill in
these gaps by diligent search and then his
major thesis - that evolutionary change is
gradual and progressive - would be
vindicated.
 120 years of paleontological research
later, it has become abundantly clear that

12. SUMMARY
Q: What provided Darwin`s insights into evolution?
A: Darwin`s voyage provided insights into evolution.
Q: Why Darwin want to observe about species?
A: On his visit to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin discovered
several species of finches that varied from island to island, which
helped him to develop his theory of natural selection.
Q: What are the results or predictions from Darwin`s observations?
A: He noticed that species have adaptations that allow them to better
survive in their environments. He also observed fossil evidence of
species changing overtime.
Q: Who is Charles Robert Darwin?
A: An English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his

13. GROUP 1 (FILL IN THE BLANK)
FOUR QUESTIONS
1. Darwin observed ______
between ___________ on his
_______.
2. On his _______, Darwin found
______________ of _______
changing overtime.
3. ________ is the difference in
the ______________ of an
________ from those of
_____________ in the ______ to
which it belongs.
4. An _______ is a ______ that
allows an _______ to __________
 Variation
 Island
species
 Voyage
 Voyage
 Fossil
Evidence
 Species
 Variation
 Physical
Trait
 Other
Individuals
 Group
 Adaptation
 Feature
 Organism
 Better Survive
 Its
Environment

14. GROUP 2 (MULTIPLE CHOICE) TWO
QUESTIONS Why do the same species look different?
a) They were born by different parents in different places.
b) It depend on their gene.
c) They cannot normally reproduce together.
d) It depend on their action.
Answer: C
 What brings evidence to Darwin about observing fossil?
a) The fossil record.
b) The power of thinking skills.
c) The discover of places.
d) The way of speaking to animals.
Answer: A

15. GROUP 3 (TRUE OR FALSE) FIVE
QUESTIONS The differences between species on different Islands was especially
noticeable in the Galapagos Island. _____
Answer: True
 Darwin was struck by the variation of traits among similar species.
_____
Answer: True
 On his voyage, Darwin found geologic evidence of species changing
overtime. ___
Answer: False
 During his voyage, Darwin also found fossil shells of marine
organisms. _____
Answer: True