In this lesson, you are introduced to evolution as a useful took for your life to let you know about the life and creature of the past till now

1. Chapter 10, Lesson 1: Early Ideas
About Evolution
By Ali Mohamed Ali in grade 10

2. Introduction
 In this lesson we will learn the technique of evolution.
 In this lesson we will learn that early scientists proposed ideas about evolution.
 In this lesson we will compare the two scientist from the same family.
 In this lesson we will learn about the theories of geologic change set the stage for Darwin`s
theory.
 In this lesson we will relate our lifetime story with evolution.
 In this lesson we will know the importance of Darwin`s theory.
 In this lesson we will summarize this lesson in questions and answers.

4. Main Idea 1
Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution

5. Evolution

6. Techniques of Evolution

7. EarlyNaturalistcontributedto
evolution
7
Carolus
Linnaeus
George
Louis
Leclerc de
Buffon
Erasmus
Darwin
Jean-
Baptiste
Lamarck

8. Carlos Linnaeus
In the 1700s, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus developed a
classification system for all types of organisms known at the time (the
modern system of naming organisms). He is known as the "father of
modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name
is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus (after 1761 Carolus a Linné).
Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern
Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala
University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived
abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published
the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands. He then
returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and
botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys
through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s
and 1760s, he continued to collect and classify animals, plants, and
minerals, while publishing several volumes. He was one of the most
acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death.
*Date of birth: 23/5/1707 (Thursday)
*Date of death: 10/1/1778 (Saturday)

9. George Louis Leclerc
de Buffon
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon was a French naturalist,
mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopédiste in the 1700s.
His works influenced the next two generations of naturalists,
including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier. Buffon
published thirty-six quarto volumes of his Histoire Naturelle during
his lifetime; with additional volumes based on his notes and further
research being published in the two decades following his death.
Ernst Mayr wrote that "Truly, Buffon was the father of all thought in
natural history in the second half of the 18th century". Buffon held
the position of intendant (director) at the Jardin du Roi, now called
the Jardin des Plantes.
*Date of Birth: 7/9/1707 (Wednesday)
*Date of Death: 16/4/1788 (Wednesday)
He died 10 years after Carolus Linnaeus died, so he lived longer than
him.

10. Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician. One of the key thinkers of
the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher,
physiologist, slave-trade abolitionist, inventor and poet.
His poems included much natural history, including a statement of
evolution and the relatedness of all forms of life.
He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family, which includes
his grandsons Charles Darwin and Francis Galton. Darwin was a
founding member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a discussion
group of pioneering industrialists and natural philosophers.
He turned down an invitation of George III's to become a physician to
the King.
*Date of Birth: 12/12/1731 (Wednesday)
*Date of Death: 18/4/1802 (Sunday)

11. Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck, often
known simply as Lamarck (/ləˈmɑːrk/; French: [ʒɑ̃batist lamaʁk]), was
a French naturalist. He was a soldier, biologist, academic, and an early
proponent of the idea that biological evolution occurred and
proceeded in accordance with natural laws.
Lamarck fought in the Pomeranian War (1757–62) against Prussia,
and was awarded a commission for bravery on the battlefield. Posted
to Monaco, Lamarck became interested in natural history and
resolved to study medicine.[4] He retired from the army after being
injured in 1766, and returned to his medical studies. Lamarck
developed a particular interest in botany, and later, after he
published the three-volume work Flore Françoise (1778), he gained
membership of the French Academy of Sciences in 1779. Lamarck
became involved in the Jardin des Plantes and was appointed to the
Chair of Botany in 1788. When the French National Assembly
founded the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle in 1793, Lamarck
became a professor of zoology.
*Date of Birth: 1/8/1744 (Saturday)
*Date of Death: 18/12/1829 (Friday)
Lived for 85 years.

12. Compare and Contrast relatives differences
Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin was an English physician. One
of the key thinkers of the Midlands
Enlightenment, he was also a natural
philosopher, physiologist, slave-trade
abolitionist, inventor and poet.
His poems included much natural history,
including a statement of evolution and the
relatedness of all forms of life.
*Date of Birth: 12/12/1731 (Wednesday)
*Date of Death: 18/4/1802 (Sunday)
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, was an English
naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known
for his contributions to the science of evolution.
His proposition that all species of life have
descended over time from common ancestors is
now widely accepted, and considered a
foundational concept in science.
*Date of Birth: 12/2/1809 (Sunday)
*Date of Death: 19/4/1882 (Wednesday)

13. Compare and Contrast relatives similarities
Like grandfather, like grandson: Erasmus and Charles Darwin on evolution.
By the year of 2009 marked the bicentenary of Charles Darwin's birth and the sesquicentenary of
The Origin of Species. This article examines the influence of Erasmus Darwin on Charles's
evolutionary thought and shows how, in many ways, Erasmus anticipated his much better-known
grandson. It discusses the similarity in the mindsets of the two Darwins, asks how far the younger
Darwin was exposed to the elder's evolutionary thought, examines the similarities and differences in
their theories of evolution, and ends by showing the surprising similarity between their theories of
inheritance. Erasmus's influence on Charles is greater than customarily acknowledged, and now is an
opportune time to bring the grandfather out from behind the glare of his stellar grandson.

14. Compare the relatives with pictures

15. Main Idea 2
Theories of geologic change set the stage for Darwin`s theory.

16. Fossil
Fossils are the remains or traces of plants and
animals that lived long ago. Fossils give
scientists clues about the past. For this reason,
fossils are important to paleontology, or the
study of prehistoric life.
Most fossils are found in earth that once lay
underwater. They usually formed from the hard
parts—such as shells or bones—of living things.
After a living thing died, it sank to the bottom of
the sea.

17. Principles of Geologic Change
Catastrophism
Catastrophism was the theory that the
Earth had largely been shaped by
sudden, short-lived, violent events,
possibly worldwide in scope. It states
that natural disasters have happened
often during Earth`s long history.
Gradualism
Gradualism is changes over time
generation by generation on every
organism like Evolution. Variation is
gradual in nature and happens over
time as opposed to in large steps.
Uniformitarianism
the theory that changes in the earth's
crust during geological history have
resulted from the action of continuous
and uniform processes. It is a process of
small changes on Earth

18. Theories of Geologic Evolution
Diagram page 282
of your textbook

19. Geologic relations
4 Unbelievable Natural Disasters Caught on Tape Importance of Darwin`s theory
Charles Darwin is centrally important in the
development of scientific and humanist ideas
because he first made people aware of their
place in the evolutionary process when the most
powerful and intelligent form of life discovered
how humanity had evolved.
His answer took years to develop. The theory of
evolution says that all living things on Earth
come from a common ancestor.

20. Summary (Questions and Answers)
1. Who are the naturalists that contributed to Evolution?
Answer: Carolus Linnaeus, Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, Jean-Baptiste.
2. What are the principles of Geologic change?
Answer: Catastrophism, Gradualism, Uniformitarianism.
3. Why is evolution important?
Answer: Understanding evolution helps us solve biological problems that impact our lives.
4. Why do we need evidence for everything?
Answer: Evidence is part of our everyday life and it helps us assess the impact and effectiveness of
our work.