This document discusses the future of integrated mobility. It notes that mega trends are driving demand for integrated mobility solutions, while technological advances are enabling new services and business models. Integrated mobility aims to provide door-to-door, multi-modal travel through pre-trip, in-trip, and post-trip services to improve the user experience. There are already various carsharing business models established to serve different customer groups and use cases. Global carsharing membership is projected to grow significantly by 2020 with continued new entrants and market penetration.

1. Future of Mobility
Continued Growth & Investment potential of
the Global Carsharing Market
Presented to Carsharing Association, Milan
Martyn Briggs, Frost & Sullivan

2. 2
Integrated Ticketing & Payment
On-Demand Transportation
Vehicle Sharing
Door to Door Mobility Planning
Converging Mega Trends & Their Impact on Integrated Mobility
Mega trends are shaping demand for Integrated Mobility, but Technology & Big Data advancements are
underpinning future services and business models

3. 3
Definition & Potential of Integrated Mobility
The Future of Mobility consists of Technology enabled, door-to-door, multi-modal travel encompassing
pre-trip, in-trip and post-trip services to improve journey experience to the Mobility User
Source: Urban Science
TAXI SERVICES
BIKE SHARING
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
CORPORATE CAR
SHARING
CAR RENTAL
CARSHARING
RIDESHARING
CASH / CAR
ALLOWANCE
PARKING
INTEGRATED
MOBILITY
E-MOBILITY
MICRO-MOBILITY
SOLUTIONS
MOBILITY AUDIT /
BUDGET
LOYALTY
PROGRAMME /
ECOSYSTEM
PARTNERSHIP
LCV

4. 4
Mobility
Integrators
OEMs
Leasing
Companies
Travel
Management
Companies
Software
Platform
Providers
Fleet
Management
Providers
Public
Transport
Operators
Integrated
Solution
Providers
Car Rental
Companies
Mobility Landscape – Many Players, New Partnerships, New Models
In both B2C and B2B environments customers are demanding intuitive services; many actors investing
significantly in order to deliver the ‘killer’ seamless proposition & user experience.
Corporate
Car-Sharing
Bike Sharing
Parking
Car Rental
Ecosystem
Partnership
Integrated
Mobility
E-Mobility
Micro-mobility
Public Transport
Car Sharing
Ridesharing
Taxi Services

5. 5
Traditional
• Round-trip /station based
services – vehicles rented &
returned to same location
(e.g. Zipcar)
• One-way fixed point to point
journeys (e.g. Autolib)
• One Way – Free Floating
services; vehicles rented
from or two anywhere in a
specified zone (e.g.
car2go, DriveNow)
Peer to Peer
• Short rental/a few days
• Insurance - key to the
operating model/platforms
• Key Players incl.
Getaround, RelayRides, Wh
eelz, Buzzcar, Tamyca
Corporate
• Dedicated fleet of vehicles at
company premises for the
shared use amongst the
company’s employees.
• Integrated keyless
operations, vehicle
telematics, and analytics
technologies key
• Key Players incl.
AlphaCity, Ubeeqo
Carsharing Business Models
There are already several well established vehicle sharing business models catering to several customer
groups and use cases, by the minute, hour or longer term corporate carsharing/leasing
5,000,000
Members
90,000
Vehicles
1,500,000
Members
147,500
Vehicles
60,000
Members
4,000
Vehicles
…already nearly 7m people use these shared services globally

6. 6
Global Carsharing Membership and Fleet Size
By 2014, membership is expected to grow to nearly 5 million, and the number of vehicles to 92,200, for a
member-to-vehicle ratio of about 54:1.
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
2006 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014*
Members(Million)
Year
North America Europe Asia
Australia Latin America
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
2006 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014*
Vehicles(‘000)
Year
North America Europe Asia
Australia Latin America
11,501
19,403
31,967
55,390
69,107
92,200*
Carsharing Market: Membership and Fleet Size, Global, 2006–2014
*Forecasted figures
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2013. Source: Frost & Sullivan
0.35
0.67
1.16
2.34
3.48
4.94*

7. 7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Earlier Predicted
Member (Million) 1.3 1.7 2.4 3.3 4.7 6.6 8.9 12.0 15.8 20.5 26.2
Earlier Predicted
Vehicle ('000) 31.72 40.51 53.94 71.61 96.03 129.69 168.26 216.79 271.81 343.35 446.48
Vehicles(‘000)
Members(Million)
Year
Global Traditional Carsharing Growth
Having outperformed our previous forecast for Carsharing members 3.5 vs. 3.3 in 2013, Frost & Sullivan is
confident of 26.2 million members in 2020 based on continued new entrants and market penetration
Note: Above forecast does not include Latin America, expect for Brazil.
Carsharing Market: Carsharing Vehicles and Members Growth, Global, 2010–2020
Worldwide nearly
26.2 million
subscriptions
expected by 2020
Actual Growth:
3.48 million members (2013)
69,110 vehicles (2013)
Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2013. Source: Frost & Sullivan

8. 8
Carsharing Ecosystem – The Key Stakeholders
While the customer is at the heart of the carsharing business model, an operator requires partners for a
successful service, such as parking, in car technology, and customer service
Public Sector
• Parking policy
• License validation
• Integrated mobility
• Car registration and tax
In-car Technology
• Keyless access hardware
• On-board unit
• Connectivity (e.g., embedded GPS)
• Call function
• Navigation and parking
Parking
• Reserved space (two-way)
• Any public space (one-way)
• Host-based (e.g., driveway)
Member Services
• RFID card/member pack
• Member registration
• Call center
Services
• Road assistance
• Car cleaning
• Maintenance
• Damage
management
• Marketing/
wrapping
Customer
Insurance and Fuel Card
• Per member or fleet insurance
• Fuel provided by operator
Vehicle
• OEM or Fleet
Car Independent
Technology
• Reservation system
• Web site/mobile app
• IT platform
Source: Frost & Sullivan

9. 9
The more familiar customers are with Car Sharing, the higher their interest in
becoming a member
N= 2,038 (Car Sharing Services non members, who provided 1 to 5 rate for both questions)
Q20. How would you rate your familiarity with the concept of car sharing services? (1 to 5 Rating Answer)
Q25. How would you rate your current interest in becoming a member of a car sharing service in your city? (1 to 5 Rating Answer)
n=2,038 n=632 n=703 n=703
(5) Very interested
(4) Somewhat
interested
(3) Neither interested
nor uninterested
(2) Not interested
(1) Not interested
at all
21% 26% 30% 21% 3% 30% 26% 31% 12% 1% 14% 23% 34% 26% 3% 20% 27% 25% 24% 4%
Level of Familiarity vs. Level of Interest in Car Sharing Services
Source: Frost & Sullivan analysis.
Promotional Impact on
Interest Rate (*)
62%
Promotional Impact on
Interest Rate (*)
94%
Promotional Impact on
Interest Rate (*)
59%
Promotional Impact on
Interest Rate (*)
55%
Note (*) : Interest rate
increase (%) from
very unfamiliar to
very familiar
Germany has the highest awareness and interest in car sharing from Frost & Sullivan’s extensive Voice of
Customer Survey of over 2,400 people

10. 10
Carsharing Impact to Car Ownership
The main attraction of carsharing is cost effectiveness over private car usage; 40% of 1 car households
would consider selling the car
Cost effective alternative to privately owned car
No hassles of car ownership
More convenient then using public transport
Environmentally friendly way of transport
Transparency of costs
It would fit my way of living
I always have problems finding parking
I don’t use my private car very frequently
Others
• Cost effective alternative to
privately owned car
• and the absence of hassles
of car ownership are the top
reasons for Car Sharing
Decrease in Car Ownership
• More than 40% of the Owners of 1
vehicle likely to become members of a
Car Sharing Service, consider the
possibility of selling/getting rid of the
current car
• More than 60% of the Non-car Owners
interested in becoming a Car Sharing
member would NOT consider
purchasing a new car in addition to the
Membership

11. 11
Substitution Effects of Shared Mobility
Carsharing will not replace one specific transport mode, but will take share from all, with the largest
replacement share from Ridesharing, car rental services, and driving your own car
Train
Light rapid train
Underground, tube,
subway, or metro
Bus
Car, as a driver
Car, as a passenger
Taxi
Motorbike
Rent-a-bicycle
Bicycle
Internet Ride
sharing
Car rental
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%
REPLACEMENT SHARE (2)
USAGESHARE(1)
Findings from Frost & Sullivan’s carsharing voice of customer survey (n=2,300) showed that of those interested in carsharing:
• Highest replacement can be expected from internet ride sharing, car rental, car ownership and taxi use
OVERALL
AVERAGE
REPLACEMENT
SHARE
37.2%
OVERALL
AVERAGE USAGE
SHARE
46.5 days
Members: 3.5m
Cars: 70,000
Fewer Cars in 2020Fewer Cars in 2013
1m 2013 6.75m 2020
Members: 26m
Cars: 450,000
What is the Impact of
Carsharing on Global Car
Sales?

12. 12
Forecasting car-sharing membership in Cities
A comprehensive review of available demographic & car-sharing data was analysed to forecast
London’s future potential for car-sharing membership as part of “Vision 2020” between F&S and Zipcar
ROUND-TRIP
ONE-WAY
Establishing baseline growth Incremental growth driven by policy
Historical data
• TfL, DVLA and 2011 UK Census,
locations of Zipcar members and
vehicles
Historical analysis
• Multiple linear regression to establish
which factors affect membership most
Results
• Good model fit: 6 statistically-significant
factors, ~70% of variance in
membership explained
• Higher uptake linked to: education
level, age group, public transport
accessibility (PTAI)
Baseline forecasting
• Round-trip: regression model
• One-way: benchmarking vs. car2go in
US, Autolib in Paris
Action to accelerate adoption
• Co-ordinated TfL and Council policies to
increase attractiveness of car sharing to
a wider population
Policies considered
• Increasing awareness
• Ensuring proximity to cars
• Graduated Parking Permit Charging
• Scrappage Schemes
• Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)
Local variances in policy
impacts
• Different characteristics of Central,
Inner and Outer London affect adoption
rates

13. 13
Car Club impact analysis – significant benefits to the City
London could achieve up to a 10% reduction in CO2 emissions from cars, with ~120k cars taken off the road in
2020; Londoners would reduce their cost of living by £800m pa
Fewer Cars
Less Pollution
£800m pa
2020
120,000
cars off the
road 2020
402,000 tonnes
CO2 reduction pa
2020
Benefits How/Why?
• £800m pa saving to members
• Congestion reduction TBD
• £3k pa saving to members that
sold/deferred car ownership
Benefits How/Why?
• 80,000 cars sold/deferred – round trip
• 40,000 cars sold/deferred – one way
• 821,000 miles reduced pa
• 1 car = 7 sold & 10 deferred
(round-trip); 3 sold & 6
deferred (one-way)
Benefits How/Why?
• 177k tonnes less CO2 through
mileage reduction; 225k cleaner cars
• 22 tonnes PM10 & 539 tonnes NOX
• Car Club members drive less
(57% round-trip, 11% one-way),
and in cleaner cars (33% round-
trip, 66% one-way – partial EV)
London’s cars reduce by 4.2% in 2020
Increased disposable income to London’s Population (and SMEs)
London’s CO2 Emissions from cars reduce by up to 10% in 2020
Reduce Cost of Living

14. 14
Summary from Today’s Presentation
Opportunity: Mobility is becoming far more connected, digital, and integrated –
Customer expectations are changing
Several New Mobility business models are emerging – Opportunity for
private sector led innovation
Cities need to consider how to adapt – each city is different and
should evaluate the benefits & risks
Growth of most mobility business models are linked to public transport
accessibility– Several well established companies & business models
Most instances of best practice have included public sector involvement –
Consider how mobility can become an integral service

15. 15
• Industry leading workshop with all Mobility
stakeholders
• Participation from
OEMs, rental, leasing, transport
operators, policy makers and technology
firms
• Outputs filmed live and pre-recorded on site
• Several trade & journalist involvement
• Opportunities to sponsor, present, and
demonstrate mobility products & services
Intelligent Mobility Workshop – 1st & 2nd July 2015
Frost & Sullivan host the industry leading mobility workshop each year; 2015 will be the 7th successive
mobility workshop to be held in London with a focus on Automated & Intelligent Mobility business models
Website: http://ww2.frost.com/event/calendar/intelligent-mobility-2015/?eID=477

16. 16
Thank You & Keep in Touch!
Martyn Briggs
Industry Principal, Mobility,
Direct: (+44) 2079157830
Mobile: +44 (0) 753 428 2371
martyn.briggs@frost.com
Future of Mobility Video
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Watch our latest Video on the Future
of Mobility, filmed live at Frost &
Sullivan’s Annual Mobility Workshop