1. “All
men
make
faults,
and
even
I
in
this,
Authorizing
thy
trespass
with
compare,
Myself
corrup=ng,
salving
thy
amiss,
Excusing
thy
sins
more
than
thy
sins
are.”
[5]
“Everybody
makes
faults,
and
even
I
in
doing
this,
Jus=fying
your
crimes
by
comparisons,
Making
myself
a
corrupt
leader
by
trying
to
remedy
your
misdeeds.
Excusing
your
sins
and
even
sins
you
haven’t
commiHed.”
[5]
1

2. According
to
ScoKsh
poet
and
writer
Don
Paterson,
it
is
not
known
when
exactly
each
sonnet
(including
35)
was
created
in
rela=on
to
which
stage
of
Shakespeare’s
life
[1].
This
could
be
either
a
young
or
older
Shakespeare,
but
it
is
unclear
exactly
when
he
wrote
his
sonnets
in
his
life=me.
One
piece
of
evidence
that
shows
incongruence
is
Sonnet
117
[1].
This
sonnet
(117)
sounds
like
a
younger
Shakespeare
judging
by
how
it
was
wriHen,
versus
the
mature
Shakespeare
we
see
in
Sonnet
35
[1].
According
to
Professor
of
English
John
Klause,
there
was
a
lot
of
specula=on
as
to
who
the
poet
of
these
sonnets
was
supposed
to
be.
Klause
claims
he
may
have
been
an
older
man,
due
to
the
fact
that
Shakespeare
refers
to
his
old
age
and
knowledge
in
some
of
his
later
sonnets
[2].
But
it
is
not
the
age
of
the
poet
that
is
important,
but
it
is
the
expected
fact
that
the
man
has
lived
a
long,
exhaus=ng
life
[2].
It
is
hard
to
say
whom
exactly
the
poet
is
addressing,
but
according
to
writer
D.
Petrescu,
whomever
the
poet
is
addressing
is
a
person
who
commiHed
sin
(either
towards
or
to
the
knowledge
of
the
poet)
and
it
is
a
man
commiKng
this
sin
[3].
Petrescu
states
it
is
unclear
what
exactly
the
sin
commiHed
was,
for
it
does
not
say
[3].
This
sin
commiHed
may
have
been
something
dark
or
extreme
because
in
line
three
Shakespeare
refers
to
“clouds
and
eclipses”.
According
to
Petrescu,
in
those
=mes
clouds
and
eclipses
were
a
sign
of
illness
[3].
It
is
possible
that
this
man
was
a
lover
or
a
close
acquaintance.
According
to
Chris=ne
Hutchins,
if
it
were
his
lover,
Shakespeare’s
lovers
seemed
to
not
only
be
single,
but
also
extremely
physically
available
[4].
Shakespeare
was
said
to
have
been
credited
with
the
first
sonnet
sequence
to
show
lovers
being
tortured
due
to
unfaithful
ac=ons
[4].
2

3. Not
only
is
the
who
important,
but
what
about
when
it
was
made?
Since
Shakespeares
sonnets
were
not
wriHen
or
assembled
in
chronological
order,
it’s
hard
to
tell
exactly
when
Sonnet
35
was
wriHen.
But,
you
can
tell
by
the
use
of
certain
wri=ng
techniques
approximately
when
he
may
have
done
it
in
his
life=me.
This
was
most
likely
wriHen
later
in
his
life=me.
According
to
Petrescu,
in
the
third
quatrain,
Shakespeare
begins
to
use
legal
terms
to
break
away
from
the
biblical
language
of
sin
at
the
=me
[3].
This
leads
him
into
the
fourth
quatrain.
The
significance
of
the
couplet
is
that
he
emphasizes
how
badly
the
poet
feels,
however
his
strong,
emo=onal
feelings
for
the
sinner
are
much
stronger
than
whatever
damage
was
caused
by
the
sinner’s
sins
[3].
Shakespeare
also
integrated
some
an=-­‐Petrarchism
style
into
his
sonnets.
Audiences
were
horrified
at
the
dark
imagery
Shakespeare
uses,
according
to
Hutchins
[4].
He
would
have
used
these
techniques
later
in
his
life=me;
around
the
=me
many
others
had
started
doing
the
same.
Hutchins
says
that
those
who
opposed
English
Petrarchan
tradi=on
or
love
poetry
would
say
that
style
of
using
intense
romance
and
sexual
imagery
was
only
unique
to
Shakespeare.
However,
plenty
of
Italian,
French
and
English
sonnet
writers
also
used
Petrarchan
tradi=on
in
their
poetry
[4].
3

4. Why
did
Shakespeare
use
this
certain
style
of
intense
and
somewhat
horrific
imagery
in
this
sonnet?
Many
English
sonnet
writers
were
credited
for
adding
a
lot
of
praise
and
blame
(both
self
and
on
others)
as
well
as
overemphasizing
conflic=ng
states
of
pleasure
and
pain
according
to
Hutchins
[4].
So,
this
was
a
very
popular
style
to
use
in
this
=me
period.
This
sonnet
can
even
be
read
with
a
sarcas=c
or
over-­‐exaggerated
Klause
points
out
where
Shakespeare
somewhat
over
exaggerates
in
sonnet
35:
“The
Poet
goes
so
far
as
to
take
upon
himself
the
‘sin’
and
‘excusing’
his
Friend’s
amiss’”
[1].
The
poet
claims
he
was
robbed
(of
a
lover)
when
really
he
or
she
really
could
have
just
lef
him
for
someone
else.
Klause
states
that
Shakespeare’s
sonnets
can
be
read
as
rhetorical.
If
this
is
the
case,
the
meaning
and
tone
of
the
pieces
change
in
their
en=rety.
Shakespeare
makes
mul=ple
references
to
love,
friendship,
betrayal
and
self-­‐examina=on
in
his
sonnets
and
if
they
were
to
be
taken
as
rhetorical
and
not
serious
as
though
it
sounds,
they
lose
their
meaning
[1].
It
can
be
seen
rhetorical
in
sonnet
40
when
his
friend
commits
an
infidelity.
Klause
claims
that
Shakespeare
wants
to
show
despair
from
the
infidelity,
but
then
shows
a
no=on
that
the
poet
has
known
the
truth
and
has
been
at
terms
with
it
all
along
[1].
Petrescu
shows
something
interes=ng
about
line
4.
When
the
poet
is
talking
about
a
canker
in
a
bud,
it
sounds
like
the
speaker
is
referring
to
an
actual
flower.
However,
Petrescu
points
out
that
bud
being
used
in
that
context
has
a
double
meaning;
the
meaning
it
has
is
buddy
or
friend
[3].
According
to
Petrescu,
Shakespeare
is
referring
to
the
worm
in
the
bud
as
there
is
bad
in
my
friend
[3].
4

5. 5