it includes objections and defence Review of each paragraph Allusions (historical, mythical, biblical) Themes Style and language(vocabulary) Literary Criticism

1. (1) Zoha Fayyaz Bsf 1700612
(2) Hafsa Faisal Bsf 1700723
(3) Saman Zahra Bsf 1700548
(4) Jawairia Khalid Sandhu Bsf 1700658
(5) Saba Mustafa Bsf 1700349
(6) Fatimah Hassan Bsf 1700065
GROUP MEMBERS;

2. Synopsis:
Objections against poetry and defense
Sidney's conception of tragedy
Sidney's view of comedy
Condemnation of Tragi-Comedy
The plot of tragedy
Function of Tragedy

3. Objections;
1.
2.
3.
4.
There are four main charges against poetry
The poetry was useless and waste of time.
The poetry was mother of lies
The poetry gives rise to evil fancies.
Plato banished poets from his ideal state

4. 3rd Objection and Defense:
Poetry has been called ,"the nurse of abuse“.
Sidney argues that it is man's wit, this charge applies
to all other sciences than poetry.
On the contrary ppetry helps to maintain peace and
brings light to knowledge.

5. “and with great reason, since of all
philosophers he is the most poetical; yet if he
will defile the fountain out of which his flowing
streams have proceeded,…”
Let us boldly examine with what reasons he(PLATO) did it

6. 4th Objection & Defense
(First, truly, a man might Object )“That Plato being a
philosopher, was a natural enemy of poets”.
In accordance with Sidney ,Plato had banished the
abuse of poetry and not poetry itself
Plato himself revealed the divine origin of poet’s
inspiration when he characterized the poet in Ion as
“as light and winged and Holy thing”

7. HAFSA FAISAL
BSF1700723
Para: no: 70-75

8. Para:no:70,71
Poetry has all flavor of poet
We have a whole see of examples
Laelius called the Roman Socrates himself a
poet as part of Heaton timoroumenon in
France
Greek Socrates who have to open most of his
old time in putting Aesop's fables into verse

9. literary device
Historical allusion (Socrates,Alexander,
Scipios,Laelius,Caesars, Plutarch)
Mythical allusion(apollo)
Literary allusion(terence)
References
Inter textual reference(heautantimoroumenon)

10. Para:no:72,73 Why is poerty
not honoured in England?
Why has England grown so hard a step mother
of poets?
He thinks that it is so because poetry has come
to express by base man with terrible wits or to
men who however studios are not born poet .
He says that “a poet no industry can make if his
own genius be not carried into it”

11. REFERENCES
Literary allusion (chaucer )
Literary device
Personal pronoun
Writings
Troylus ,Cresseid ,Mirrour of magistrate,
Shepheards Kalender ,Theocritus, Virgil ,
Sannazaro)

12. Para:no:74 Poetry in England
from Chaucer to Sidney own time
Sidney's says that few good poems have been
produced in England since Chaucer
Chaucer did marvelously well in Trollius and
Gressedia
Spenses of the Shepherds Calends is worth
reading England lyrical poetry is scanty and
poor
Love lyrics and sonnets lake genuine fire and
passion

13. Literary device
Inter textual reference
(Musa,Mihi causes Memora, Quo Numine Laeso?
) (Quies meliore luto finixt Praecordia Titan,)
(Quicquid Conabar Dicere,Ersus Erat;)
Historical reference(Robert king of Sicily ,King
Francis, King James,Cardinal as Bembus,
Bibbines ,Teachers as Beza and Melancthon ,
Philosopher as Fracastorius and Scaliger,
Orators as Pontanus )

14. Saman Zahra
Paraghraph no 74 to 78

15. SIDNEY CONCEPTION OF
TRAGEDY :
Tragedy according to Sidney is an imitation of a noble
action which demonstrates the uncertainty of this
world and teaches virtue in a delightful manner.

16. Themes (Tragedy and Comedy)
Literary devices:
Archaic language ( Doth, giveth)
Dramatic unities Aristotle Percepts

17. SIDNEY VIEWS FOR OTHER
CRITICS
Sidney is very close to Aristotle, but he differs
from the Greek critics and is closer to the critics
of the Italian renaissance like Seneca ,Horace ,
Scaliger, Minturno and Cartelvetro.

18. CONDEMNS ENGLISH
DRAMATISTS
Sidney condemns the attempt of Elizabethan
dramatists of his age to mingle tragedy and comedy .
he is against tragic-comedy
ABOUT TRAGIC POET ; the tragic poet has a liberty
to handle his theme either on the basis of history
and legend or on the basis of his imagination.

19. Archaic language ( cometh)
References ( Gorbuduc)

20. CRITICIZING THE
CONTEMPORARY dramatists
CRITICIZING THE CONTEMPORARY dramatists for their
failure in observing the unity of time. Sidney says :
“now of time they are much more liberal. For ordinary ,it is
that to young princes fall in love, after many difficulties, she is
got with child ,delivered of a fair boy; he is lost ,grows a man ,
falls in love , and is ready to get another child and all this into
hour’s space : which how

21. Literary devices (personal pronoun “ I “cannot
represent it without
Historical allusion ( Pacolets Horse)
Archaic Language ( Fallenth, hath, containth)

22. Continue..
absurd is in sense, even sense may imagine and art with
taught, and all ancient examples justified ,and ,at this day,
the ordinary players in Italy will not err in”

23. Sidney's Another View About
TRAGIC-COMEDY:
Sidney condemns outright such tragedies which are
neither right tragedies nor right comedies ,”mingling
kings with clowns and thrusting in the food by head and
shoulders to play a part in majestic matters with neither
decency nor discretion so as neither admiration and
commiseration nor the right sport fullness ,is by their
mongrel tragic-comedy obtained

24. Historical Allusion: (Trojan war, Hecuba,
Polydorus, Paraimus, Euripides
Archaic Language (Findeth,doth)

25. SIDNEYS VIEW ON COMEDY:
Sidney’s theory of comedy based on Italian's critics who
based their observations about comedy on the hints
received from Aristotle
ACCORDING TO SIDNEY: “Comedy is an imitation of the
common errors of life ,which are represented in the
most ridiculous and scornful manner ,that the spectator
is an anxious to avoid such errors himself”.

26. Continue..
Comedy therefore shows the” filthiness of evil,“ but only
in,”our private and domestical matters”
Comedy may or may not have laughter but it should be
delightful

27. Comic-tragedy
Historical Allusion (Apelius, Amphytrio)
Archaic Language (Faith, Hath)

28. Jawairia Khalid Sandhu
bsf1700658
PARA:79-88

29. Para:no:79
COMMEDIAN THOUGHTS
No delight without laughter
Laughter may come with delight
Well is that may one think*breed* both together
DELIGHT: for delight scarily do but in things
that are convention to ourselves or to nature
Alexandar picture (delight)

30. LAUGHTER: comes of things most
disproportional to ourselves and nature
E.g.; delight to see fair woman and laughter at
deformed creatures with no delight
Laugh sometimes to and a matter quite mistaken
and ground to hill

31. TWENTY AND ANTICS ; we laughed without
delight painted with his great bred and
convenience
Omphale’s commandment
Both delight and laughter
Literary device
Humor
Feel delight and sometimes may laughter
Archaic allusion: cometh, breedeth

32. Para:no:80
Delight And Scornfulness
1.
2.
3.
All comical part be not upon such scornful matters as satire
laughter only
Mixed with it that delightful teaching which is end of poesy
Aristotle also miss points
Sinful : hateful
Miserable: pity feelings
Low of hospitality: beggar
A courtier heartless threating Thraso school master:
delightful laughter and delightful teaching
Literary device: Intertextual reference (nil habet inflex
paupertas durius)

33. Para :no:81
Defend Of Poesy As Laughter
I have lavished out to many words
I do it ,because as: they are excelling parts of poesy : none so
much used in ENGLAND
None can be more pitifully abused
Like an unmannerly daughter: bad education
Cause her mother : poesy’s honesty to be called in question
Literary device
Personal pronoun
Similie (unmannerly daughter with mother)
Archaic allusion (giveth)

34. Para:no:82
Sort of poetry
Songs
Sonnet
lord : he give us good mind
singing :praise of immortal beauty
Sonnet :praise of immortal goodness
Literary device
Alliteration: song and sonnet
public and private

35. Para:no:83
Unresistible love
I were mistress never persuade me :they were in
love
Coldly apply fiery speeches
Read lovers writings
Hang together like a man north-west and by south
Forcely and energetically
Miss the right use of material point
Literary device
Metaphor : like man

36. Para:no:84
Worse
Diction: metrical arrangement of words
Honey flowing matron
Eloquence and paralleled
Far-fetched words: monster
Stranger:coursing a letter
If they were follow dictionary with figures and
flowers
Winter starved

37. References
Alexander's picture: ( historical reference)
Omphale : ( religious )
Aristotle: ( historical )
Lord : ( biblical ) reference
Solomon : ( religious )

38. Saba Mustafa
Paraghraph no 85 to 89

39. Criticism Of Poetry is Superficial
Paraghraph no 85 -86
Ignorance the true nature of poetry
Modern poets and writers of other kind have
too superficial a relationship to language
They think that fancy language makes for
good poetry and prose
Example; Sidney draws upon the metaphor of
food and taste to describe ‘‘sweetness’’ of
poetry to describe false eloquence as “sugar
and spice”.

40. ANTONIUS & CRASSUS
Paraghraph no 87
They both are the forefather of Crecero pretend not to
know art.
Because they have plain sensibleness ands that’s why they
can Persue , people and persuasion is chief purpose of
oratory (debating).
No doubt they use these tricks very carefully because
every man use them more carefully to create curiosity then
to speak truth

41. Historical Allution
Antonius,Crassus,Cicero
Literary devices
Archaic Language
Findeth,Doth, Abuseth

42. I believe that young scholars use more sound styles that
professors
Youngster have no other cause except flattering. They use
art when they do not know it
They use according to art but by no art while professors
use art to show not to hide it
Youngsters are far from nature( i.e. absurdity)

43. Why Sidney differentiate between
POETRY & ORATORY
Paraghraph no 88
He criticizes to wonder from poetry to debating (oratory)
But both are familiar too much he thinks this digression
will be understandable which is not to teach poets how to
write.
To keep himself apart from these absurd poets

44. We should use better language,“matter and
manners” in language which give us occasion.

45. Literary devices
Alliteration
Matter and Manner
Archaic Language (Giveth)

46. ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Paraghraph no 89
Sidney says , “I know some will say English is a mingled
language”. And why not so much the better taking the
best of both the other.
Some will say it wants grammar no it has praised that it
doesn’t want grammar
May be it needs grammar but not really because it is
easy it has no discriminations for genders moods tenses
that difference is not good

47. Continued..
A man should be put to school to learn mother
language
Using conceits properly is present in other
languages in world and using combination of
world from other languages “Latin and Greek”
has great beauty in a language.

48. Archaic Language (wantheth,
grain)
Simile (Mother language)

49. Fatima hassan
Bsf 1600065
Paragraph No: 90-94

50. Para No:90-91
Theme: Modern language is fit as
compare to ancient language
The English language has some definite advantages
It is appreciable for it’s a adaptability to ancient and modern
system to versification
It admits both the unrhymed quantitative system of the
ancient poetry and the rhyme peculiar to modern
English is a subject free from these defects

51. Example:
Italian language is full of” vowels”
Dutch is full of consonants fit for” verse”

52. Literary devices:
Archaic language:
Standeth,striketh,
Personal pronoun:
Before any other vulgar language” I “know
Writing style:
He defend English language by own self
Reference:
Reference from other language like Italian and
Dutch ,French

53. Para No: 92-93
Theme:
Poetry reputation in England
Reasons
bad verse written by “poet-apes” not poets
But actually not because of any intrinsic fault of
poetry itself
His invitation to a reader
Reader should respect poets and poetry as a
teacher(when thy do it)
Who respect poetry will “flourish in the printer's shop”

54. Literary devices:

Alliteration:
False and feeble (Para no:92)
Personal pronoun:
I conjure you all that have had the avail luck….
Imaginary:
Fables
Metaphor
Food and taste(WHEN HE DESCRIBE
“SWEETNESS OF POERTY

55. REFRENCES
Aristotle (philosophical)
Bembus(historical)
Was an Italian scholar poet and member of
knights .he was an influential figure in the
development of Italian language

56. Writing style:
Advising style

57. Paragraph NO: 94
some other points are:
The critics on other hand will never succeed
in their romantic endeavors
because they will get poets to write them
sonnets to help to their beloved and will not
remember after their death for want of a
compelling

58. Referances:
Clauserus (literary allusion)
Who translated Latin work into Greek on the
nature of “God”
Bubonax ( literary allusion)
Referring to the tale of hipponax an iambic
poet
Midas (historical allusion)
King of Phrygia ,whose enormous wealth was
the subject of numerous Grecians divinity
(biblical reference)

59. Continue…
Grecians divinity (biblical reference)
Nine muses
In Greek and Roman mythology each of nine
goodness, the daughters of Zeus and
Mnemosyne
Hesiod and homer …….literary reference

60. Literary devices
Personal pronoun:
I must send you in the behalf of all poets
Archaic language:
Saith‘,findeth, doth

61. CONCLUSION






Poetry is full of virtue-breeding delightfulness.
It is void of no gift that ought to be the noble
name of learning
All the charges against it are false and
baseless
The poet were the ancient treasures of the
Grecian divinity:thy were the first civility
There are many mysteries contained poetry
A poet can immortalize people in his verses