1. Reproductive system
Reproduce in English means to make similar copies of something
Ex: when you see a movie you like, you make a copy of the DVD and
give it to your friends. (it’s a very lame example to be honest but he
mentioned this example so I decided to stick with it)
A Living organisms need to make copies of itself.
Why do we reproduce?
To continue living on earth. Cause if creatures don’t reproduce they will
be extent. (obviously)
Unicellular Organisms
Example: bacteria (it reproduces by dividing itself)
but for higher creatures (like us humans) we cant just individually divide.
We need two types of creatures (male + female) which engage in sexual
intercourse so that the males sperm meets with females
ovum(fertilization) to form a new cell (zygote) which will divide to form
new organs which will create a whole new human being.
Reproductive system: different for males and females.
Male reproductive system
Testes = 2 which are separated.
Important: The testes are present outside the body cause testes need
cooler temperature to produce sperms, they cant produce sperms with
human temperature, the temperature has to be around 34-35 degrees
Celsius.
Spermatogenesis: production of sperms. Takes place in the seminiferous
tubules. Needs 2-3 weeks.
Once sperms are produced they are usually stored in the epididymis and
then they mature and become ready then after 3 weeks. If the sperm has
the chance to leave body of the male and go to female then they have to
fertilize the egg within 48 hours otherwise the sperm will die. if they
remain the male body the sperms will also die and new ones will be
produced. (the process of sperm production is continuous)
Sperm has head and tale. It needs tale to swim and meet ovum so that
fertilization can take place
Straight tubules =one short tubule
Rete testis=network of straight tubules
Epididymis (outside the testis)
This is where the sperms mature and where they are stored (where if not
used they will die as mentioned earlier)

2. Histology wise the epididymis has stereo cilia which are like hairs on top
of cells and they help in pushing sperms forward.( he claimed it is
important)
Vas deferens: Once sperms are matured they are pushed to a long tube
called vas deferens or ductus deferens (same thing).its a passage for
sperms. Could store sperms for several months if needed.
Accessory glands
In order for sperms to swim they need some kinds of fluid to swim in,
fluids are produced by accessory glands so sperms are collected in it and
can swim in it.
1.) Seminal vesicle = there are 2, 1 at each vas deferens
Seminal vesicle joins the vas deferens to give the ejaculatory duct
which will join with the urethra.
2.) Prostate gland=single gland. We have only 1 NOT 2
3.) Cowper’s glands= there are 2
It Empties mucus fluids to sperms. The Cowper’s glands help
neutralize content of urine.
Sperms + secretions from gland = semen. Everything else about the
semen he covers in the notes.
The penis has many blood vessels=sinuses. Everything else he
pretty much mentions in the note.

3. FEMALE REPRODCUTIVE
Ovaries
They’re very small although they occur big in the picture.(then he went
on about almonds and stuff but I figured there’s no need to mention that
here)
Germinal layer: one layer of epithelial cells. Its where ova is produced.
The way its produced : one cell does mitosis then it will form many cells
around it to support it.
Connective tissue could be divided into cortex and medulla (however
both are connected with each other)
Ovarian follicles: primary + secondry follicles. When they produce fluid
and mature it becomes the graffian follicle. the graffian follicle is also an
endocrine organ.
Corpus leuteum: produces many female sex hormones.it will produce
those hormones for 2-3 weeks waiting for pregnancy. If pregnancy
happens it will continue producing hormones but if no pregnancy
happens it forms a white scar(the corpus albican)
Fallopian tube= histology wise its mucosa has cilia cause ovum unlike
sperm cannot swim.
Uterus: main part where pregnancy occurs.
Stratum basalis: is the inner first layer that develops and forms starus
functionalis every month. This is getting ready incase pregnancy happens
(its full of blood nutrients etc for the baby). If no pregnancy occurs
functionalis will go out in the form in menstruation.
Vagina
The hymen is partially closed, there’s small holes so that menstruation
blood can exit.
The vagina has 90 degree angle with the uterus. (madri shako he
mentions that but I guess he’s trying to be random or something)