"Beyond the outgrowth and functions of specific strains, the collective activities of the microbiota - which is seemingly more stable than taxonomic readouts - deserve further attention. Several products of bacterial metabolism have been implicated in colorectal cancer, many of which are associated with dietary intake or drug metabolism (for example, aspirin). These include products of protein fermentation, secondary bile acids from high fat intake, and short- chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolized from carbohydrates and phytochemicals".