Tanguar Haor

Report on
Rehabilitation in Tanguar
haor
“People from outside consider it a
natural beauty and many inside
think it as a trap of nature!”

A REPORT ON
TANGUAR HAOR
Design Studio: VIII
Course Code : ARCH-
404
Department Of
Architecture
Leading University.
Submitted By,
ID-1312010003
1512040011
1512040017
1512040020
1512040021
Submitted
To
AR. Shawkat Jahan
Chowdhury
The Head
Department Of
Architecture
Leading University.
Group:
01

Acknowledgements
----------------------------------------
Haor
----------------------------------------
Tangua haor
----------------------------------------
Location
----------------------------------------
Geogrphical features
----------------------------------------
Administrative jurisdiction
----------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Climate
----------------------------------------
Topography
----------------------------------------
Sociological condition
----------------------------------------
DependentVillages
----------------------------------------
Resource status ofTanguar haor
----------------------------------------
Sociological condition
----------------------------------------

Causes of degradation
----------------------------------------
Flora
----------------------------------------
Fauna
----------------------------------------
Local Survey
----------------------------------------
Common characteristics
----------------------------------------
Occupation
---------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Circulation
----------------------------------------
Joypur
----------------------------------------
Alompur
----------------------------------------
Mujrai
----------------------------------------
Mundiata
----------------------------------------
Gonipara
----------------------------------------

Threats forTanguar Haor
----------------------------------------
Challenge ofTanguar Haor
----------------------------------------
InternationalCase Studies
----------------------------------------
Ko Panyi:Thailand’s Floating
Village
----------------------------------------
TheWaterVillage of KampongAyer
, Brunei
----------------------------------------
Ha Long Bay,Vietnam
---------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Chong Khneas,Combodia
----------------------------------------
Makoko Floating School II by Kunlé
Adeyemi
----------------------------------------
References:
----------------------------------------

Acknowledgemen
ts
This research is the outcome of an academic report on “TANGUAR HAOR”.
A semester paper under the course ‘Design Studio VIII’ was prepared by
Group 01 of 4th year 2nd Semester summer 2018 of department of
architecture, Leading University. We are acknowledging our contribution.
The course is guided by AR. Shawkat Jahan Chowdhury and thanks to him
for guided us sincerely. We are thankful to the villagers International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Mr. Kabir and Mr. Amin Ministry of
Water Resources, Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board and
the people of those village we worked. We are also thankful to Bangladesh
Polish and Border Grad Bangladesh (BGB) to ensure our safety from starting
to the end. With out their help and participation the study and complete
the report was not possible.

Haor
A haor is a wetland ecosystem in the north eastern part
of Bangladesh which physically is a bowl or saucer shaped
shallow depression, also known as a back swamp. During monsoon haors
receive surface runoff water from rivers and canals to become vast
stretches of turbulent water. They turn into a vast inland seas within which
the villages appear as islands. Occasional high winds during the rainy
season (July to September) generate large waves in the haor, which may
cause considerable damage to homesteads. However they all but dry up in
the post-monsoon period. During winter, these haors are vast stretches of
green land.
Alir Haor Hakaluki Haor Sonir Haor

Tanguar haor located in the Dharmapasha and Tahirpur upazila of
Sunamganj District in Bangladesh, is a unique wetland ecosystem of
importance and has come into international focus.
The area of Tanguar haor including 88 villages within the haor is about
100sq.km of which 2,802.36 sq.ha is wetland. It is the source of livelihood
than 45,000 people.
Tanguar
haor
 Tanguar haor exhibits a unique wetland ecosystem.
 Considering its ecological importance it has been declared as the 2nd
Ramsar site of Bangladesh in 2000.
 The swamp forest land of the haor is another unique ecological feature
of the haor ecology.
 It plays an important role in fish production as it functions as a 'mother
Characteristic

Location:
Map
Tanguar haor is
one of the
largest systems
in the northeast
region with
relative natural
state. It is
located at 25°
05΄-25° 12΄
North/91° 01΄-
91° 07΄East.
Approximately
one-thirds lies in
Tahirpur Upazila
and two-thirds
lies in

Location:
Map
Its total area is 9,727
hectares and there are
at least 52 beels
(Akonda, 1989; NERP,
1993) covering
approximately 25-30
percent of the haor at
the end of the dry
season. The haor’s 13
northern boundary lies
just 1-2 kilometers
from the Indian border.
The haor located at an
altitude of only 2.5-5.5
meters above sea

Administrative
jurisdiction:
Tanguar Haor falls under the jurisdiction of Sunamganj District,
two Upazillas (Tahirpur and Dharmapasha), and four Unions
Sreepur Uttar, Sreepur Dakshin, Bongshikunda Uttar
and Bongshikundo Dakshin.

Geographical
feature:
• Tanguar Haor is made up of 120 small, medium and large
interconnecting beels some of which are perennial and
others seasonal.
• The area covered by these beels is approximately 10,000
hectares.
• In the rainy season all the beels are united as one large
lake, or haor, making Tanguar Haor the larger freshwater
wetland in Bangladesh. Intermediate place between the
Haor basin and homestead land are called “kanda”.
• Usually reed swamp plants are found in these kanda.
Kanda is fairly deeply flooded
• during the rainy season and dry out during the dry season.
• Tanguar haor becomes an important transport pathway
particularly while it is flooded.

Climate:
Yearly Total, Maximum and Average Rainfall at Tanguar Haor for 1980-2008:
The monthly rainfall of Laurerghar near by Tanguar Haor is plotted in the
following table. Analyzing the data it shows that the average maximum
rainfall observed in August and the average minimum rainfall observed in

Climate:
Yearly Maximum and Minimum Temperature (°c) at Tanguar Haor for 1981-
2010:

Topography:
Tanguyar haor Located in Sunamganj District is a part of Meghna and Surma
River Basin.
Macro
Scale:

Topography:
Micro
Scale:
Tanguar haor has unflated lowland and it has an irregular surface on its
top. In dry season the water bodes is locally called “bil” and the rest of
area is called “kandi”. Total number of bil is 120 and totat number of
Dry seasonRainy
season
Highland
Lowland
Fen

Sociological
condition:
About 45,000 peoples are living
in 88 villages of the Tanguar Haor
Ecomomic area. As the
Haor floods annually, habitations
are clustered along its slightly
raised fringes. Fisheries and
agriculture are the two main
livelihoods for local people

Dependent
villages:88 villages (Appendix-01) of Haor are within the landscape that
are dependent upon haor for
their livelihood and RRA/PRA conducted following 20 villages out
of 88 villages:Table : Information collected from 20 Villages Of Tanguar Haor
NAME OF VILLAGE House Number Community type
Jaypur 65 Muslim
Mujrai 40 Hindu
Alampur 22 Muslim
Gonipara 12 Muslim
Chiriargaon 52 Muslim
Cilani Tahirpur 100 Muslim
Mundiata 198 Muslim
Moyajuri 50 Muslim
Rupnagar 500 Muslim
Bakatala 400 Muslim, Hindu, Hojong

Dependent villages:
NAME OF VILLAGE House Number Community type
Bangalvita 300 Muslim, Hindu, Garo
Kandapara 150 Muslim
Goalgoan 200 Muslim, Hindu
Rongchi 300 Muslim, Hindu
Nichintopur 500 Muslim, Hindu
Bongshikunda 100 Muslim
Datiapara 300 Muslim
Amanipur 50 Muslim, Hindu
Dumal 150 Muslim
Lamagoan 450 Muslim
Patabuka 320 Muslim

Resource status of Tanguar Haor:
• Fish and paddy are the two major resources of Tanguar
Haor. People around TH depend also on it for fuel wood,
fodder & thatching materials.
• In the clump of Hijol, Barun, koroch, Nol khagra plant
species fishes get their hiding place during monsoon;
• people cut the branches of hizol, koroch for katha
formation; collect nol for mat formation, fuel wood;
People also collect Shotomul, Onontomul, Amrul for
medicine etc.
• According to local peoples no species yet been extinct
but many plant and animal species become threatened
due to the overextraction, sedimentation, hooves and
grazing action of cattle etc.
• Illegal fishing gear use, brood fish catching, hunting,
dewatering of beels were extensively practiced before 5/10
years ago.
• The illegal bird hunters kill the birds in the winter season and

Hijol
Tree
Hijol
Tree
Hijol
Tree
BarunTree BarunTree

Koroch tree Koroch tree Koroch tree
Nol khagra Nol khagra

JarulTree JarulTree JarulTree
Shotomul Shotomul Shotomul

Chitol Rani Bacha
Rita Baush pabda

Crane Valture Storke
Cormorant Dahuk Buzzard

Causes of
degradation
Day by the species and individual number of plant, fish and wild
animals are decreasing.
Both natural and manmade situations are the principal causes for
the decreasing of
biodiversity.

Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally
the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life.
Flor
a

Flora
Tanguar Haor supports a wide variety of floral
species. Based on Karim (1993) and BNH (1997), it
is estimated that a total of 200 wetland plant
species occurred in Tanguar Haor. The most recent
survey (2011) of IUCN has recorded 104 plant
species under 88 genera and 51 families in this
wetland (Sobhan et al., 2012). Principal wetland
habitats of Tanguar Haor include open water (with
submerged and floating aquatic vegetation),
seasonally-inundated mixed herbaceous
vegetation, reed beds and rice fields. Hijol
(Barringtonia acutangula) and Koroch (Millettia
pinnata) are dominant tree species in swamp
forest, but these have now disappeared except for
an occasional isolated tree and nearly a pure
formation in the Rongchi ‘forest’, which is an 8-

Flora
Different types of habitat and vegetation communities found inTanguar Haor are
as follows:
Submerged vegetation's:
They are fully under water vegetations. Migratory
dabbling ducks and some resident aquatic birds feed on
parts of these vegetations.
e.g: Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton crispus, Najas spp
and Ottelia alismoides
Free floating vegetation's:
Free floating vegetations found in Tanguar Haor are used
as nesting sites by some aquatic birds such as Pheasant-
tailed Jacana, Bronze-winged Jacana, Purple Swamphen,
Whiskered Tern, etc. Rodents found in haor also live in
and build nests inside such floating vegetation.
(e.g., Eichhornia crassipes, Utricularia aurea and Sylvania

Flora
Rooted floating vegetation's:
Fish fingerlings often take refuge in such plants while
others feed on algae growing on these plants.Aquatic
insects and snails also feed on these plants.
(e.g.,Trapa maximowiczii, Echinochloa colona,
Hygrorhyza aristata and Limnophila indica).
Sedges and meadows vegetation's:
These types of vegetation provide shelter and food
source of some aquatic animals. Local people also take
some vegetation as food and some are used for making
mats of various types.
e.g.,Alternanthera philoxeroides, Schumannianthus
dichotomus, Eclipta alba, Enhydra fluctuans and Scirpus
juncoides.

Flora
Reed vegetation's
They are the main nesting ground of some resident ducks
viz., Spot-billed Duck, Cotton Pygmy Goose and some
other aquatic resident birds.
e.g.Asclepias vcurassavica,Asparagus racemosus, Ficus
heterophylla, Lippia alba and Phragmatis karka)
Freshwater swamp forest vegetation's
They are natural and locally introduced species consist of
evergreen trees forming dense canopy. Some birds and
mammals use this type of forest as roosting and nesting
places.
e.g., Barringtonia acutangula, Millettia pinnata,Crataeva
magna, Phyllanthus distichus andTrewia nudiflora

Flora
Crop field vegetations
Crop field vegetations have been found around the
Tanguar Haor which are important source of food for
migratory ducks and fodder for cattle.
e.g.,Alternanthera sessilis,Cotula hemisphaerica,
Cynodon dactylon and
Cyperus cephalotes
Homestead vegetations
Homestead vegetations have been found inTanguar
Haor with rich species diversity. Many species of
terrestrial birds take shelter in such vegetation and build
nest or roost on the trees and bamboos.
(e.g., Barringtonia acutangula, Bambusa arundinacea,
Dendrocalamus strictus, Musa paradisiaca,Areca
catechu, Calamus tenuis, Caryota urens, Cocos nucifera

Fauna
Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The
corresponding term for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and other forms of life
such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota.

Fauna
Every winter the haor is
home to about 200 types
of migratory birds. The
haor is an important
source of fish. There are
more than 140 species of
fresh water fish in the
haor. The more
predominant among
them are: ayir, gang
magur, baim, tara,
gutum, gulsha, tengra,
titna, garia, beti, kakia
etc.

Fauna
Migratory water Birds
Bangladesh becomes the destination for hundreds of
bird species every winter. Birds from the remotest
corners of the world such as Siberia, Mongolia, and
the Tibetan plateau come to Bangladesh to enjoy
the country's temperate winter and to feed from the
bounty of fish in the shallow rivers and canals.
Resident water Birds
This types of birds lived in this area or domestic.

Fauna
Common Fish
Bangladesh is a country with thousands of rivers and
ponds and is notable for being a fish-loving nation.
Some types of fishes are available in hole country
including Tanguar Haor.
Catfish
Catfishes are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. A
few number of catfish species live in this Haor.

Fauna
Reptile
39 reptile species lives in tanguar Haor.
Amphibians
15 amphibian species lives in tanguar Haor.
Mammals
30 mammal species lives in tanguar Haor.

Local Survey:
To know their settlement and life style we’ve survey 5 of their villages,
name as-
 Joypur
 Alompur
 Gonipara
 Mondiata
 Mujrai

Common
characteristics:Barrier:
Every village has a barrier around it for protection from water wave and
erosion. In survey we’ve found four types of barriers. Such as-
 Bamboo fence
 Sand sack
 Stone
 Concrete block
Bamboo fence:
Advantage:
o Easily
available
o Cheap rate
Disadvantages
o Poor Stability
o Not sustainable
o Tough
maintenance

Sand sacks:
Advantage:
o Easily
available
o Cheap rate
Disadvantages
o Poor durability
o Poor sustainable
Stone:
Advantage:
o Available
o High
durability
o Sustainable
Disadvantages
o Costly
o Tough
Maintenance
Concrete Blocks
Advantage:
o Available
o High
durability
Disadvantages
o Costly
o Tough
Maintenance

Shops
 Total 16 shop for
3500-4000 people of 5
survey area.
 Limited goods
 Not Sufficient
 Comparatively costly.
 The shop is use as a
gathering space
between themselves.
 The villagers do
chatting in their
leisure time.

Circulations
 Narrow circulation
 No direction
 Undefined pathway
 Full of clay

Occupation
Wetland resources play a critical role in
the lives of those residing in and around
Tanguar Haor. Most economic activity
carried out in the area, including
commercial fishing, trade in fuel wood,
hunting and trapping waterfowl.
Dried-Fish
Fishing
Agriculture

Settlements Pattern
Most of the villages are linear pattern.

Joypur:
Village/Area Name: Joypur
Location: Uttar Shreepur, Tahirpur,
Sunamgonj.
Community: One Village Council
Number of Houses: 65
Population: 450
Electricity: No electricity, a few
number of houses use solar panel
system.
Sanitary: Poor
Occupation: Agriculture, Fishing,
farming, labor
Vegetation period: Falgun to
Water source: Tube well
Number of tube well: 4
Health facilities: No
Minimum distance to Hospital:
5km (Srepur Hospital), 9 km
(Taahirpur)
Education facilities: No
Minimum distance to Primary
School: 1km
Minimum distance to Secondary
School: 5km
Number of shops: 3 nos
The reasons of their living:
 They are not able to survive

Pathway YardCattle house
Findings:
 Tight space
 No play ground
 No deviation between human living area
and domestic animals.
 Every family has minimum a boat or more.
 They use the front side of house as Ghat to
keep their boats.
 Concrete dam wall for protection from Boat

Village/Area Name: Alompur
Location: Uttar Shreepur,Tahirpur,
Sunamgonj.
Community:VillageCouncil
Population: 180
Electricity: No electricity, a few
number of houses use solar panel
system.
Sanitary: poor
Occupation:Agriculture, Fishing,
farming, labor
Vegetation period: Falgun to
Alompur Water source:Tube well
Minimum distance to Hospital: 2km
(Srepur Hospital)
Education facilities: Primary
Minimum distance to Primary School:
1km
Minimum distance to Secondary School:
3km
The reasons of their living:
 They are not able to survive
anywhere else due to financial

Findings:
 Tight housing space
 They make home craft like fishing
materials, Net and pottery.
 No deviation between human living
area and domestic animals.
 Every family has minimum a boat or
more.
 They use the front side of house as
Ghat to keep their boats.
Pottery
Bamboo dam
Interior space

Village/Area Name: Mujrai
Location:Uttar Shreepur,Tahirpur,
Sunamgonj.
Community: OneVillageCouncil, Kalibari
Mondir
Population: 220
Electricity: No electricity, a few number of
houses use solar panel system.
Sanitary: poor
Occupation:Agriculture, Fishing, farming,
labor
Vegetation period: Falgun to Agrahayan
Mujrai
Water source:Tube well
6km (Srepur Hospital)
Education facilities: No
School: 1.5km
Minimum distance to
Secondary School: 6km

Findings:
 Because of religious cultural facts,
orientation of their houses length
direction in north-south.
 The prayer space is in the right side of
the house.
 Comparatively clean.
Stone block CleanYard
Prayer Space
Net Preparing

Village/Area Name: Mundiata
Sunamgonj.
Community:ThreeVillage Council 2 mosque
Population: 2500-3000
Sanitary: poor
labor
Mundiata Transportation: Local boat
system
Water source:Tube well
2km (Srepur Hospital)
School: --
School: 3km

Findings:
 The village is madden with three different
land and three land are connected by two
traditional bamboo bridge.
 The only village have a primary school that
we’ve surveyed.
 Good incompletion about vegetation and
tree plantations
 The villagers use a common transportation
system to connected themselves with
Vegetation On the way to
School
Primary School
Local

Village/Area Name: Gonipara
Sunamgonj.
Community: OneVillageCouncil no
mosque
Population: 70
Sanitary: poor
labor
Gonipar
a Water source:Tube well
3.5km (Srepur Hospital)
School: 1.5km
School: 3km
Number of shops: no

Findings:
 They depend on indoor game to pass
their time.
 No deviation between human living
area and domestic animals.
Ghat to keep their boats.
 Bamboo fence dam for protection from
Cattle
Carom
Bamboo fence dam
Green
Vegetation

Threats for Tanguar Haor and its
resources:
1. Over extraction of fisheries resources
2. Over extraction of fuel wood
3. Land encroachment
4. Unplanned irrigation system
5. Loss of bird population through hunting
6. Loss of other wild animal through over harvesting
7. Conversion of agricultural land
8. Poor enforcement of fisheries and wildlife protection act
9. Use of insecticide in the crop field
10. Lack of awareness
11. Loss of fish fertility due to use of pesticide and herbicide
12. Lack of alternative income for dependent people

Challenges for Haor and its resource
conservation:
1. Illegal fishing
2. Control over extraction of resources
3. Reduce local poverty and unemployment
4. Active participation of GoB concerned department
5. Recovery of encroached land
6. Reduce insecticide, herbicide and pesticide use
7. Stop bird and other wildlife killing through hunting
8. Control cattle grazing
9. Ensure natural water flow
10. Control the use of harmful fishing gear
11. Interfere of influential people
12. Protection of natural hizol, koroch seedlings
13. Lack of proper transport for field work
14. Support from Government Officers

Ko Panyi:Thailand’s Floating
Village
• Ko Panyi is a fishing village in Phang Nga.
• There is a school, a mosque, a health center, lots of
small shops, a large restaurants and even a floating
football pitch
• The village is famous for a floating football pitch.
Ko Panyi

People
• There are 1,485 people from 315 families who live permanently on Koh
Panyee.
• All of them are the descendants, directly or indirectly ofToh Baboo and his
family and friends, who were the first people to settle on Koh Panyee some
200 years ago.
• The hundreds of huts, shacks, restaurants and houses where the villagers live
are built on stilts over the surrounding shallow sea .
• The village has its own school, a mosque, a health center, lots of small souvenir
shops and a handful of large restaurants, all facing the sea, where tourists can
enjoy a fresh seafood lunch.
• The latest development on Koh Panyee is the construction of bungalows that
offer overnight accommodation for as little as 300 baht.
Functions

Aerial view of Ko Panyi, fishing
village in Phang Nga Province,
Thailand
Ko Panyi, fishing village in
Phang

Football field floating on the sea of village

The Water Village of Kampong Ayer
, Brunei
Kampong Ayer is the world’s biggest settlement on stilts.
• Brunei's capital city Bandar Seri Begawan, is a settlement consisting
of 42 contiguous stilt villages called Kampong Ayer, or the Water
Village, which has been inhabited for over 1,300 years.
• Half of the city’s population live here — about 30,000 people,
which is nearly 10% of the entire population of the country
• . Kampong Ayer is the world’s biggest settlement on stilts.
Peopl
e

Different view ofThe WaterVillage

Functions
• There are schools, police stations, fire stations, clinics, markets and mosques,
all constructed on stilts and linked together by 36 kilometers of walkways and
footbridges.
• Houses are simple but modern and built with concrete and wood.
• Each house is supplied with electricity and clean water.Transport lines,
sanitation, garbage disposal system, internet access and postal service are
some of the amenities available.• The houses, thus villages, of KampongAyer are interconnected with bridges
and walkways,[ wooden and concrete, creating contiguous areas.
• Accessibility among many villages are possible by foot.
• Among non-contiguous areas and where the villages are not located along the
riverbanks, these areas are accessible by water transport, whereby the most
common transport mode is the 'water taxis' .

• All houses have air conditioning, electricity,
internet access and satelliteTV.
• Almost all the villagers have bikes, some have
motorcycles and even cars, which they keep in the
parking lot at the entrance to KampongAyer.
• Inside the village have water taxi – the fastest and
most reliable transportation in the area.
• Water taxis are different in size, and some
resemble regatta boats.
• There are school boats to take kids to school, and,
of course, tourist boats.
Extra Facilities

• Ha Long Bay is in northernVietnam, 170 km east of HanoiThe bay is
famous for its scenic ocean karst topography and is often included in
lists of natural wonders of the world.
• Ha long Bay is a bay located in the area of the Gulf ofTangkia, north of
the Socialist Republic ofVietnam.
• It has an area of 1,500 square kilometers and has a coastline about 120
kilometers away from Hanoi.The name was based on the
pronunciation in theVietnam language "Viet Nam Ha Long".
Ha Long Bay,
Vietnam
Dinnertime in a

The people here are fishermen, and their lives are intrinsically tied to the ocean.
They have built boats and floating homes that provide their shelter, their
transportation, and their culture.They can tie their homes to their neighbors, or
they can drift off while they hunt for fish, lobsters, shellfish, and squid.They own
no land, only the boats that provide their way of life.
The simple life in Halong Bay
floating
People

Communi
ty
• Modern times still very reminiscent of the old days of trading in Vung
Vieng
• The 50 or so homes, there was one ‘community center’ which was
constructed as a location for meetings.
• The most affluent families had tiled rooves, radio sets, televisions, and
furniture- although now almost the entirety of the village is a museum
of sorts, for the homes that once were.

Chong Khneas,
Combodia
• The best handyman living among the boat people in Chong
Koh was named Taing Hoarith.
• Chong Koh is one of hundreds of floating villages .
• comprising tens of thousands of families, on the Tonle Sap
River and the lake of the same name in Cambodia.
• Dangers on a floating village multiply in the rainy season.
• Floating temples, churches, schoolrooms and oil-black ice
factories. the large provincial capital.

A child plays with a kite on the roof in
Chong Koh.
Playing xiangqi on the porch of a
floating house

Makoko Floating School II by
Kunlé Adeyemi
Makoko Floating School is a
prototype floating structure,
built for the historic water
community of Makoko, located on
the lagoon heart of Nigeria’s largest
city, Lagos.
As a pilot project, it has taken an
innovative approach to address the
community’s social and physical
needs in view of the impact of
climate change and a rapidly
urbanizing African context.
Its main aim is to generate
sustainable, ecological, alternative

The structure is a replica of the MacBook Floating School designed in
Lagos by the Nigerian architect KunléAdeyemi (b. 1976), founder and
principal of the practice NLÉ and winner of the Silver Lion award for this
year’s edition of the Biennale.
MacBook Floating
School
Structure

Difference view of Makoko Floating School

• In Makoko, a sprawling slum on the waterfront of Lagos, Nigeria
• tens of thousands of people live in rickety wood houses teetering above the
fetid lagoon.
• It’s an old fishing village on stilts, increasingly battered by floods from heavy
rains and rising seas.
• Because the settlement was becoming dangerous, the government forcibly
cleared part of it last year. Kunle Adeyemi, a Nigerian architect, had a better
idea. He and his team asked what the community wanted, and with its help
and money from the Heinrich Böll Foundation and the United Nations, he
devised a floating school: a low-cost three-story A-frame, buoyed by about 250
plastic barrels, with a 1,000-square-foot play area, classrooms, rainwater
collection and composting toilets. Made to serve 100 elementary-school
children, the building provides a flexible and robust prototype for housing and
Why this school?

Interior of MacBook Floating School
The floating school, which can
accommodate up to 100 pupils,
encompasses a play area, a workshop
and classrooms, arranged on three
levels.

The 220 square-meter floating school is
made of roughly 13 tons of timber and
one of metal, supported by a pontoon
composed of 256 plastic barrels.
The structure was conceived to be
easily assembled also by non-
specialized workers, to be cheap,
functionally flexible, and capable to
adapt to the changing level of waters of
lagoons or of flood-prone areas.
Plan
Elevati
on

• NLÉ's Makoko Floating School Reportedly Collapses Due to Heavy
Rain
• Makoko Floating School, designed by Nigerian architect Kunlé Adeyemi
NLÉ, has collapsed after heavy rain battered the city of Lagos.
• Photographs show the roof of the school still largely in tact, but sitting
on top of the building's floating base of 256 plastic drums, as the lower
and supporting structure appear to have failed completely.
Collapsing:

References:
 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature
 Global Environment Fund
 Ministry of Environment and Forests
 Bangladesh Forest Department
 Climate Change Resilient Fund
 Climate Change Trust Fund
 The Ramsar convention on werlands. (2011)
 Wikipedia
 The Ramsar convention on werlands.
 www.ramsar.org

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