Whole language is an educational philosophy developed in the 1980s that views language as a whole and aims to help students learn to read and write naturally. It has several key principles: using authentic literature; focusing on real events and texts of high interest; integrating reading, writing, and other skills; and encouraging student-centered and collaborative learning. Teachers act as facilitators rather than following lesson plans, and support collaborative learning. Learners are collaborators who evaluate themselves and direct their own learning. Materials used include real-world texts and materials brought or produced by students. Classrooms emphasize literature, process writing, cooperative learning, and positive student attitudes.

1. WHOLE LANGUAGE
by
USWATUN HASANAH

2. BACKGROUND
• Created in 1980s by a group of U.S. Educators.
• Found by BERGERON (1990).
• Argue: Language should be taught as a “whole”.
• Aims: To help student to read and write naturally

3. THEORY OF LANGUAGE AND LEARNING
• Views: Language as a vehicle for human communication.
Language as a vehicle:
- for internal interaction
- for egocentric speech
- for thinking
• Learners should create meaning, learn and work collaboratively
in mixed groups.

4. THE MAJOR PRINCIPLES of WHOLE LANGUAGE
• The use of authentic literature
• A focus on real and natural events
• The reading of real texts of high interest
• Writing for a real audience

5. • Writing as a process.
• The use of student-produced texts.
• Integration of reading, writing, and other skills.
• Student-centered learning.
• Encouragement of risk taking and the acceptance of errors.
• Reading for comprehension and for a real purpose.

6. THE ROLES of TEACHERS
• The teachers ;
- are facilitators and active participants
- should not follow a preplanned lesson plan
- should support collaborative learning
- should negotiate a plan of work with the
learners.

7. THE ROLES of LEARNERS
• The learners are ;
- collaborators
- evaluators
- self directed
- selectors

8. THE ROLES of MATERIALS
• Using real-world materials
• Students ought to bring materials matter
• Students should produce their own materials.

9. CLASSROOM FEATURES
• Bergeron found only four classroom features;
- the use of literature
- the use of process writing
- encouragement of cooperative learning
- concern for students’ attitude

10. ACTIVITIES in WHOLE LANGUAGE
- Individual and small group
- Ungraded dialogue journals
- Writing portfolios
- Writing conferences
- Story writing

11. PROS and CONS of WHOLE LANGUAGE
PROS
- Focusing on experiences
and activities
- Using authentic materials
- Facilitating the
development of all aspects
of a second language
CONS
- Authentic texts might be
insufficient to support
second language learning

12. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION
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