4355TYRHHGJYKTIRU

1. ROYAL
EIIGINEER,S
DEMOLITIOItS
HAI{DBOOK

2. I
{
I
ri
I
.,
ROYAL ENGINEER'S
DEMOLITIONS HANDBOOK
Reprinted commercially 7977 by Desert publications.
write for the complete catalog tisting hundreds of similar tifles.
DESERT PUBLICATIONS
P.O. Box 22005
Phoenix, AZ 85028
rsBN 0-87 947 -540_4
D
?%
FI

3. ul
CHAPTER 4._ALLIED DEMOLITION
EQUIPMENT
sEc
21. American demolition equipment
CHAPTER s._SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
22. Safety precautions in training and operations !..
LIST OT' TABLES
TABLE
l. Demolition stores and equipment in RE field units
and explosive lorry
Service bulk exPlosives
Firing accessories (other than electric)
Electric firing accessories
Firing capacity of exploders .. .r,
Firing capacity of batteries and cells...
Sequence of operations for testing electrical firing
iircuits using demolition test set Mk 1 ...
HE content of anti-tank mines ...
9. Hasty formula for cutting charges
10. Cutting charges
-
formula to be
economy in explosives is desirable
ll. Drilling times with pneumatic tools
cornPressor
Explosives in boreholes
Shalted charges
Hasty estimation of men, time- and-. explosives
req:uired in the preparation of a demolition belt"'
American demolition equipment ...
PAGB
66
69
SEC
l.
2.
.r.
4.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.-DEMOLITION PROCEDURE
General ... ...
Firing orderS (deferred demolitions)
Reconnaissance and dePloYment
shells Ets demolition
PAGE
I
2
3
6
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
I l.
Supply in tJre field
CHAPTER 2.-EXPLOSIVES AND ACCESSORIES
Sgrvice bulk explosives
Initiation and firing accessories
Electrical firing
Testing electrical circuits
Use of mines, bombs and
charges
Protection of charges on long-standing dern<,rlitions
Storage of explosives ...
CHAPTER 3.-CHARGE CALCULATION AND
PREP-ARATION
Cutting charges
Borehole charges
Mined charges ... t.. "'
Pressure charges
8
l3
28
34
36
38
4t
2.
3.
1.
D.
6.
7.
8.
12.
13.
14.
15.
6
I
ls
28
30
3l
34
38
42
43
45
48
56
64
86
12.
13.
14.
15.
42
45
48
50
52
52
t{
56
63
16. Footing charges
17. Breaching charges
13. Concussion charges
19. Shaped charges-description and uses
20. Miscellaneous demolition technique

4. iv
LIST OT' FIGURES
rIG
I. Conventional signs used ir connection
demolitions
v
NOTE
l. The final policy on the types of explosives stores to be
manufactured and issued in future has not yet boen decided.
To tide over the period when these will not be available
and- to use up existing stocks, an interim policy has been
produced as follows:-
(a) The gnly explosives !9 be issued from UK for training,
and operations will be:-
PE2
852
GC Slabs
TNT Slabs (for BAOR only)
(b) PE_2 will be tle normal WET (War Equipment
Tables) issue for plastic requirements.
(c) 852 will be the WET issue in tropical climates.
(d) Amatol,. however, 'will be available for training
expedients.
2. This _publication contains a complete summary of the
lpploved demolition technique, much oI whichjs not available
in ME, Vol IV, Part I, 1942. It has therefore been decided
not to hold up printing and issue in order to make the
LeceTaly alterations to the explosive scales. As the pubtica-
tion is loose leaf, the amenddents can be made lat6r when
the new scales are decided.
PAGE
with
2. Crimping
3. Double initiating set
4. Initiation of cordtex
5. Normal method of initiating cordtex
6. Cordtex juuctions
7, Typical circuit for long-standing demolitions
8. Alternative circuit for long-standing demolitions ...
9. Simplified circuit for hasty demolitions only
10. Electric jointing
I I. Service exploders
12. Elox, fusion, test
13. Borehole charges
14. Pressure charges
15. Use of pier footing
16. Concussion charge
17. Charge demolitiou
18. Charge demolition
19. Charge demolition
charges
in RC fortifications
No. I, Beehive, 6-in
No. 2, Geueral Wade
No. 3, Hayrick
1
20
2t
22
23
24
25
26
27
32
38
37
47
5l
53
CD
60
6l
62

5. vi
TOREWORI)
I. This pocket book is based upon the Manual of Military
Engineering, Volume fV, Part I-Demolitions, 1942, and is
des-igned to be carried by Officers and NCOs actually engaged
in demolition operations orin training.
2. Where the informati,on given in this pocket book differs
from that in the Manual, the information contained in the
pocket book should be taken as correct.
3. This pocket book is intended to be bounil in the green
binder issued for Royal Engineers Pocket Book, 1936,
together with others in this series which are:-
RESPB No. I
-Qsnslal
(proposed)
,, No. lA-Conversion Tables (published)
,, No. 3
-Bridging
(published)
,, No. 4
-Demolitions
(published)
,, No. SA-Roads (published)
,, No. SB-Airfields (proposed)
,, No. 5C-Earth moving and road and airfield con,
structional plant (proposed)
,, No. 6
-Water
Supply (proposed)
,, No. 7
-Accommodation
(proposed)
DEMOLITIONS
CHAPTER 1
DEMOLITION PROGEDURE
Srcrrox I.-GENERAL
l. The technical aspect of demolition procedure is discussed
in Military Bngineeriig, Vol IV, Part I, Demolitions, and the
tactical aspecf in connection with withdrawal in Military
Training Pamphlet No. 4.
Demolitioni must be considered under two headings,
Preliminary and Deferred,,depending on yhethe-r they are
blown as ioon as prepared, or later, on the orders of the
commander concerned.
(o) Prcliminary demolition: u9 normally blown as soon
L
as they ire prepared. - A very large p-roportio-n of
demoftions fo [ne fieta come under this heading.
Because there is no need to cater for the prolonged
effects of weather, enemy action, etc., on explosives
and firing accessories, a more siTple lgc.hnique may
be employed -iq
preparing ?I9h demolitions than is
requir6d lor deferred demolitions.
(D) Defered demolitioz.t are normally-blown as the tactical
situation develops, on the order of the formation
commander concerned or an officer specifically
delegated by him. When ordered for preparation
the 6me at which they are to be blown may not be
known and they should, therefor-e, be
-prepqlgd as
long-standing demolitions (sec
-Sec tg|. - Of iU"-
defdrred demolitions, some rnty be specified as finot
demolitions, special instructions being issued aS to
their protection and control.
2. The preparation of a demolition scheme, generally. in
connection witU a withdrawal, or for the protection of a
flank, requires very careful planning, so that:-
(c) A continuous belt of obstacles of maximum depth is
presented to any elg1ny ad-v.agc9. The 'priytqlt
'Uetts
are those d-emolitiohs whiqh form part of the
main defence line of an army. Other' belts of
obstacles are called subsidiary belts.

6. 2
(D) The roads on the axes of withdrawal ari not-blocked
by demolitions before our own troops have moved
across the demolitions belt.
(c) Deferred demolitions are -p-rotected from enemy
interference until they are blown.
(d) The. respo-nsibitities and procedure for ensuring that
firing takes place at the right moment are mide as
clear as possible and understood by all concerned.
These problems are the responsibility of the commander,
but it is essential that RE officers should understand the
factors affecting ttrem. For this reason the problem of the
p-rotection
-gf deferred demolitions and the oiders for fr.iog
them, are discussed in Sec 2.
Srcrrox 2.-FIRING ORDERS
(DEFERRED DEMOLTTTONS)
l. Protesflsp.-Deferred demolitions are normally sited
et defiles or bottlenecks on routbs which are vital to o-ur own
or enemy. movements. Protection of such demolitions is
ttrerefore essential until the commander decides that they are
to bo blown. The object of such protection is to prdvent
!h9 gnemy tg- either blowing the demolition or capturing
it intact for his own use.
For this purpose a close garrison for the all-round protection
of the site, must be providbd. At sites of special importance
this close garrison may consist of all anns. fn-modern
warfare tie threat of airborne assault must always be borne
in mind.
The RE firing party will be placed under the orders of the
OC the garriso-q. _The oficcr or NCO in chatgc of the RE
firing party utill tahc c*ccutiae orderc ftmn him- ond from no
onc clsc.
2. The RE flrtng party.-The commander of the RE
frring party- must lave a copy of AF 1V40l2B signed by his
superior.officer. His responsibilities will be :-
(c) To have the firing circuits and charges in the state of
readiness ordered by the garrison commander, i.e.,
" Ready to blow at . .. hours notice."
(D) To do everything possible to protect the demolition
charges against the effects of weather, traffic and
hostile action.
(c) To maintain close liaison with the garrison commander
and tlhereby keep himself and his men informed of
the situation.
I
To be prepared to assume command of the whole
garrison in the event of casualties to all personael
senior to himself.
To make a seniority roster of his party and ensure that
each man Lnows his position on it and the action to
be taken in the event of casualties.
0 To ensure that each of his men is familiar witJr the
firing zurangements and the source of the executive
order to fire the demolition.
(g) To establish a firing point in consultation with tho
garrison commander in full vierv of the site and under
cover ffom falling debris.
([) .Io see that the exploder key is kept _ugder guard at 9,r
neilx the firing pbint. (He will NOT carry it in his
pocket.)
Ul To test the electrical firing circuit at regula! intervals
once it is installed, and at least every 15 minutos
when the site comes under fire.
(A) To fire the charges immediately when ordered by thc
garrison commander and to ensure that the demo-
lition is successfully completed.
(r) To report the result as ordered ou AF W40l2B.
SBcrroN 3.:RECONNAISSANCE AND
DEPLOYMENT
l. The importance of sound reconnaissancc in demolition
work cannot be overstressed. Notes on reconnaissiaucc
generally will bi found in RE RPB, Sec l. AF W4012
(Demolition Recce Report) should be used for each demolitiou
prepared as shown in RE RPB, Sec 38.
A summary of demolition recces should be prepared by
formation RE HQ for handing over to any relieving formation
or unit.
Conventional signs for use on demolition reports a.ro shoila
in Fig l.
2. Sequence.-If time is short :-
(c) Estimate tho bulk requirement of explosives beforo
detailed reconnaissance is carried out. Study mapE,
aerial photographs and other information obtained
from the IORE. Quantities cau be guickly astessed
from the data in Table 14.
(d)
(e)

7. DEMOU IION SITE
OR CRATER SITE
DE}-4OLITION SITE OR
CRATER SITE WITH
CFIARGE IAID
CRATERED OR
DEI.{OLISHED
CRATERED ROAN
BRIDGE DEMOLISHED
MINES
MINEFIELD ooor cAp
(+NI-PERQONNEL i'ItNEs o ;' / -
SHO,VN BYADDING "
Y,1O
/LPER) _ "(O O
(b)
(c)
5
Arrange to have necessary expl-osives sent either to an
RV -where they can be collected as reqtiired, or
direct to the site or sites. A 50 per cent reserye
should be made available to cover un{oreseen
requirements.
Detail platoon or section
particular sectors from a
arrange for them to get on
possible.
commanders to their
study of the maP, and
to the sites as quickly as
(d)
(')
Deploy the platoons (or sectilns) co.rcerned so that
they are near the proposed demolition sites.
The officers concerned can then carry out a rapid
reconnaissance of their tasks ?nd decide the method
to be employed. Leave detailed measurement and
planning 1o itre NCOs concerned with sufficient men
to assist them.
NorB.-In the case of unforeseen tasks the supply
problem may be overcome by the use of the G1098
irolding of
-explosives.
Thiir practice sho-uld be
avoidef, excepfin emergency, but units should NOT
regard their- G1098 holding! as sacrosanct' Ex-
ol5sives so used must Ue RBpORTED AT ONCII
3o that deficiencies can be made uP.
3. Sequence.-If plenty of time available :-
(a) Carr'y out detailed recce.
(D) Consolidate recce rePorts.
(c) Order explosives and deploy as in para 2 above.
=Etr
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TANJK TR.APS
ROAD BLOCK
FLAME TMPS
Frc I.-CONVENTIONAL
USED IN CONNECTION WITH
Aprn % o
7r
X
&,
SIGNS
DEMOLITTONS

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11. t2
Thcse Notes rcJcr to Tabte 2.
Notes
I. (") Standard issues are
slabs, plastic ,,909 ,,
13
CE/TNT slabs or guncotton
and ammonal.
(b) " 852 " PE2 and pEB are alternative plastic explosives
not at,_present. generally issued.--rn"y--;il;r";;
issued foi special 6peratidns.
2' Polar NS.gelignite and other similar commercial types
are not normally issued. They- tend to deie'orate rapidly
under service conditionr, .rra
-iuhen
aeterti"troo has set in
ttrey are dangerous to handle. c"iis"G;;;'been incruded
in Table 2 beiause it is
"
.o**on commercial explosive and
also because, unlike all ."i"[" explosives, it does not, when
*",1,'..1i"fi ff "*-.tm;t X,'+ :,Ji#f,B,lii"#i,l:;
work (ag, tunnelling). I ---'
3. ALL SERVICE EXPLOSIVES SHOULD BE INITI.
ATED wrTH A PRTMER-
- -Three
fi;tr; cordtex or a
detonator alone may be usea in emerg"""/foi.. gS2 ,,,F|EZ,
and " 851."
with " 808 " and pE g a primer must always be used.
4' Some facts about foreign explosives are given in chap 4.
,r3; f.:?ifJii$"?rfn"*"s showing crraracteristics and
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These Notes rtft, to Table 3.
I. Generalnotes
(a) FAILURES DUE IN NINE CASES OUT OF TEN
TO MISUSE OR MISfIANDLING OF SAFETY
I.UZE,.
Failures with other accessories very unlikely
are used correctly, but NO initiating set
guaranteed 100 per cent.
REMEMBER IN ALL CASES:-
SAFETY r.VZE- IS THE WEAKEST LINK.
DAMP IS THE MAIN ENEMY.
2. Precautlons ln lnltlatlon
(a) General,.
(i) Two initiating sets for all firing circuits.
(ii) Initiate all charges with primers.
(iii) Two points of initiation per charge.
(iv) Long charges initiated by a primer every 5 ft.
. Nom.-This only necessitates one- qrimer
in charge if new 2-hoie primer is available.
(D) Safety fuze.-Likely causes of failure are z-
(i) Bad cutting of safety fuze. Use a sharp knife
on a hard surface.
(ii) Dam-p attacking end of fuze. Seal adeqlalely
unless using at once. Always cut off 6 ins
before use.
(iii) Poor contact between end of fize and detonator
tlling or igniter cap. Crimp on all detonators
and caps firmly, after pushing fuze right home.
(c) fnstantaneous fuze.-Neilher o detonating fuze nor o
satety fuze.
(i) Avoid using in operations.
(ii) It may be used for booby traps la dry situations
and for booby trap training.
(nt) Neaer attemft to ignito the fuze by hond.
NorB.-Fuze is too thick to go into No. 27
detonator without stripping back outer cover.
This distinguishes it from American safety
fuze which is same colour.
if they
can be
(D)
(r)

15. 20
(d) Detonators, primers, d,etonating fuze and firing circuits,
(i) Fo:. diagrams showing fuzes, joints, etc, see
Figs 2, 9,4,5, G,2, B and 9.
-Fie
fi shows a
new variety of ., ring main ,,- where no
electrical method of fir1ng is available.
(ii) If two cordtex leads cross, one mav be cut bv
the other when the circuit is fired ; thereforL
avoid long unsupported lengths of detonating
faze, and I""p-
-lengths
of detonating fazZ
18 ins apart.
(iii) All s-pqre ends of detonating tuze must be
sealed with a sealing cap, criirped three times
and coated with sealing conipound.
(i") Use C..E
-nrimers in predrence to guncotton,
_-particulgly on lonf_standing dem6litions.
(") Place
,initiating -prim6rs in ceitres of ct aige ;
in the case of- cutting charges, on the fice
away from surface attacked, with detonating
fuze coming in at right angles to the charge. "
FIXING No. 27 DETONATOR TO SAFETY tr.UZE
No. 27 detonator
2t
Charge
Two lenoihs of z
safetu ?uze taoed
tooetlter ( Length
a{ requtred )
tu main
deLonators tlo.27
Safety fuze
tied with tape or string
Sealing ap 3 crinps
{.
one crimp
SEALING CAP ON FUZE
Sealing cap
Three crimps
Co:dtex or safety fuze
FUZE., STRIKING
IGNITER SAFETY
Igniter,
striking
A.
t or," crlmp as close
as possible to. end
FIc Z,-CRIMPING
Two lonitnrs
perc.lssion
tZ ins. Cordtex
Safety fuze
Frc 3.-DOUBLE INITIATING .SET

16. {ofetg fuze
PI hetonator
Spare end
Cordtur b
charge
lakLg fuze
lb. E7 Detonator
L in Primer
rSprre end
All spare ends o{ cordtex are
tZ tnches long and'capped wth a
seal tng cap.-crimped'lhrce tinw
Fig 4.-INITIATION Of' CORDTEX
Frc S.-Normal method of
two primers taped to$,ether.
lntttatlng cordtex usln$
(Before and after tapln$.)
Two orimerc
Tapd fae to face
Spare end
E hole primer
Cordtex tn
charge

17. 24
25
/------ .2----- -----l
^/ ,.------i
..1 r-r
B]
Single safety fuze initiating sbt with primersi
Cordtex Y-joint with double branch
Charges, each initiated in two places by primers
Cordtex switch
Electric exploder
Electric detonator igniting cordtex with primers
Electric detonator initiating pflmer direct in
charge.
7.-TYPICAL CIRGUIT FOR LONG-STANDING
DEMOLITIONS
Firing both by electrical and safety fuze methods
{a.) Lao ioint
-)r-r-
lloin
@) Y Junbfbn
llain
Spare end
Direction of detonotion
-.>
Eranch
All laps are bound
with tape or strino
for4 inb h lutgthl
lll saarc ends of
Cordtex are lZ ins.
lono and capped
witlt a sealih'o cap
crinped 3 trfne*.
Alain
tq1ry q,n4 qag 0e
/
,
t
t
,-
,
I
I
I
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t
A:
B:
C-
D:
E:
F:
G:
ixtended b"oiua
second ooint'of
ittitidtiiln in man
cfiarge
Frc 6..,-GORDTEX JUNCTIONS
Note.-Method (D) used for hasty demolitions only.
Frc

18. 24
{a,) I N ioint
-tqr-
tlain
(d Y. Junc{bn
fulain
Spare end
Direction of detonotion
____>
lrp
llain
Ail laPe arc bound
-witn 'tapE or striw
for4 inb n lengthi
All soare ends of
Cordtex are lZ ins.
lona and capped
witfi a sealih'a cdp
crinped 3 ttfne.
Spare end mau be
ixtended b"oiva
second ooint'of
initiation in main
charge
"Ftc 6.-CORDTEX
Note.-Method (D) used for
JUNCTIONS
hasty demolitions only.
25
,t- --- --., -"a- 7'-----'
,
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A
B
c
D
E
F
G
: Single safety fuze initiating sbt with primers
: Cordtex Y-joint with double branch
: Charges, each initiated in two places by primers
: Cordtex switch
: Electric exploder
- Electric detonator igniting cordtex with primers
: Electric rletonator initiating p{mer direct in
charge.
7.-TYPICAL CIRCUIT T'OR LONG-STANDING
DEMOLITIONS
Firing both by electrical and safety fuze methods
Frc

19. 26
A: Single initiating set with primers
B: Cordtex Y-joint with double branch
C: Charges each initiated in two places with primers
D: Cordtex switch
Frc 8.-ALTERNATM CIRCUIT f'OR LONG-
STANDING DEMOLITIONS
Firing ip by safety fuze method in duplicate
A : Double initiating set (see Fig B)
B : clove hitch jg+tr to cordtexirinches (saa Fig 6(a))
q : Qharges, eaih.initiatecl with o"t;;i;;-
D : Cordtex lap-joint (see Fig 6(a))
Frc 9.-SIMPLItr'IED CIRCUIT FOR HASTY
DEMOLITIONS ONLY
Firing is by safety fuze method

20. 28
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Tlnso Nobs tclcr ro Tfrh 4.
Notes
l. Electrlc detonators
(a) Test. for continuity before use" Same applies to
igniter, safety fuze, electric.
(D) Keep number in any circuit to a minimum. Normally
unnecessary to use more than 20.
ct
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Avgid ins*ting, electric detonators directly into
charges themselves and NEVER put them into
boreholes or buried charges. Connect them to
charges with detonating fuze leads. (Sea Fig Z.)
If commercial or foreign electric detonators have to
be used, avoid detonators of different tnres in same
circuit.
!o
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(c) Avoid parallel circuits. They should never be
necessary.
2. f,'lrlng cables
(a) Fo-r.standard metod_ of jointing and connecting up
detonators, see Fig I0.
(D) Any strong well-insulated cable may be used in
emargency. - _FEd resistance of measured length
before use with Demolition Test Set.
(c) The {ofo1vi1_g g9 -
qesisJances of cabtes normally
caried in the feld by R Sigs :-
Cable, assault No. l-71.6 ohms per 100 yds
double.
Cable, assault No. 2-34.8 c,hms per I00 yds
double
Cable, electric, D3-15.5 ohms per I00 yds
double.
Cable, electric, D8-12.0 ohms per 100 yds
double.
Cable, electric, 0.002-2.5 6ohms per I00 yds
double.
$, single lOw)
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Tlusc Nobs rcfct to Tfrh 5.
Noteg
(a) When. using- Mk T exploder remember to exert
maximum force at end-of stroke.
(D) when uslng DC exploder give at least ls dititional
turns after.led Ugh! !ry.!"ryn to flash continuously.
Sea instructions inside Ud of cise.
(c) In 4"- I{t I DC exploder there is a possibility of a
residual c!*gu aflet use and after iemoval 6t tle
handle. To counteract this po6sibilitv connect uo
the Box Fusion Test, inser[ the irihio platinui
wire across the bridge and press the operatin! button.
(d) Testing exploders-sge Table 7.
(c) REMEMBER THAT FULL DISCHARGE FROM
THE DC EXPLODER IS VERY POWERFUI,
AND MAY BE LETHAL.
4. Batterles and cells
TABLE 6
One l2-volt battcry
Tlpsc Notcs rcfcr to Tablc 6.
Notes
(a) Batteries must be ful,ly charged to give results shown
above.
(a) $) s eruicerr:T*"0{:{;t^iffi:$i,r,,&i
:"l1lL,g#
resistance of 1.2 ohms.
(ii) Cells iyrt A, O, Q, onil S (Signals issue).
To render active, fill urith water ih accord-
ance with instructions printed on them, at
least 10 hours before us6.
Allow 2 cells p9r qgtonator and one per
ohm of resistancC in firing cable.

22. 8!'
bred
Ends
ElecLnc hble
leads
M
rc).
JOINNN G OF
see (b) (c) (d)
eLECrntctL c t 8LE
llo.fi fueLonator
0etonatol luds
Exploder Mk 7f. (lfl( 7 is
sinila^r to Mk 7* but without
the additional base section.)
Exploder Dynamo Crcndenser
Mk 2. (Mk I is similar but
with a metal case.)
E)
(e) ffethod of joining No 33 detonotor to erectric coble
Frc I0.-ELECTRIC JOINTING
7
Electrrc Catle
Frc II.-SERVIGE EXPLODERS

23. 35
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24. 86
Tltcsc Notcs rcfcr to Tabh 7.
Notes
I. Demoutlon test set.-Following storcs are ca.rried
in box containing set:-
g7
Cable electric,
Linen, old
J single low 0.002
Pliers, side-cutting, S-inch, pairs
Crimpers
Tape, insulating,
Rectifiers
[-inch
9ft
*tb
I
I
trb
I
2. Testlng (saa Fig t2)
(a) Test all detonators. separately for continuity before
rncoqporatrng in circuit.
(D) DISCONNECT ELECTRIC DETONATORS FROM
ALL CHARGES when testing completed. circuit
for first tirue.
(c) Test circuits on long-standing demolitions frequently
and when due for firing at least every lS mins.
(d) Use " Wheatst_on9 Bridge " switch for checking short
circuits and leahs to earth. Increase on prefrously
measured or estimated resistance indioatel leak ti)
earth or faulty joint. Decrease indicates short
circuit.
Srcrrorv 9.-USE OF' MINES, BOMBS AND
SHELLS AS DEMOLITION CHARGES
l. Mines, bombs and shells may be used as demorition
charges, particularly where close cbntact is not essential.
2. Suitable for use as concussion chargeS, miasfl charges
and pressure charges; also in booby traps-, etc.
.3. Use two -poungr ?f CE/TNI-or equivalent as a priming
charge, a'd place to detonate fi'[ing rither than to
-actuatE
fuze or fiog mechanism.
4. Explosive content
(c) Aerial G.P bogbs (500- and 1,000-tb) : about S0 per
ceut, of total weight.
Box fusion test
fitted in position
on exploder
DC Mark 2
Bridge
Reel of
platinum wire
Slots which fit over the terminals of exploder DC Mark 2
za-227& .F'rc 2.-BOX E'USION TEST

25. 38
(b) HE shells : normally about lo per cent of total
weight. Content of Sep and AP even lower, ;e
these types therefore should not be used.
(c) Common A tk mines-see Table g below.
5. Marktn$s of shells (Brtttsh)
AII shells filled HE yellow C,ap
All shells filled smoke Green C,ap
AII shells filled gas Grey C,ap
Solid shot Black Cap
Shells suitable for Red .. XXXX ,, round body
tropical storage or nose
TABLE 8.-HE'CONTENT OF ANTI-TANK MINES
British anti-tank mine, g lb TNT or baratol
Mk5
British No. 75 grenade, I * lb ammonal
MKI
American anti-tank 6 Ib TNT
mine MIAI or Mk S
German Tellermine (all 12 lb TNT
types)
German Holzmine 12 lb TNT
German Riegel mine... g lb TNT
German Top-fmine lB lb amatol
SrcrroN I0.-PROTECTION OF CHARGES ON
LONG.STANDING DEMOLITIONS
, l. Follgy^oq have to be borne in mind when preparing
I ong-standing demolitions.
(") DAMP.
(D) HEAT (in tropical theatres),
(c) coLD .
(in theatres where proronged frost may be
expected).
(d) ENEMY ACTION (bombing, shell fire, SA fire).
(e) TRAFFIC VIBRATION.
2. General precaudons
(a) rnspect regularry. Firing party normaly responsible,
but in some cases maintenan." p""ti deiailed to
lnspect at -regurar intervars. rirniris, strutting,
tamping and picr.ing alr reguire carefut fiaiuie"arcE.
(b) Guncottut.
(i) Avoid using where possible on long-standing
demolitions.
(ii) Slabs are too wet if w_ater can be squeezed out
with thumb-nail. If so replace with slabs
having correct water content. Slabs can
be dried out quickly io dry well-ventilated
room.
(iii) Slabs become flaky if too dry.- -
Replace if in
this condition. Moistening slabs with water
when in position is not recommended.
(iv) {otect slabs in exposed po.sitions by.wrapping
rn oilskin, canvaul or similar material.
(v) See that surface water does uot drain on to
GC charges.
(c) Ammonal.
(i) Avoid using on long-standing demolitions where
possible.
(ii) If use is unavoidable, keep ammonal in tins
and keep sealing of tins intact.
(iii) If tins have to be opened, ammonal must be
kept in rubber bags and carefully sealed.
Sealing must be inspected at lrequent
intervals.
(dl Polor NS gelignite, Polar blasting gelotine, ctc.
(i) Keep all cartridges wrapped.
(ii) Inspect frequently for signs of deterioration.
Remove and destroy by burning any gelignite
that begins to exudq. Gelignite in this
condition is extremely sensitive and must
be handled with care.
(cl ' 808 ', PE 2, PE 3, ' 852 ' ond ' 851.'-' 808 ' should
have a " life " of at least 12 months in hot moist
conditions. Other plastics have better keeping
qualities. fn very hot climates PE 3 or 852 should
5e used if available. Others lose plasticity and tend
to become fluid. Their power is unaffected.
(f) Priryars.-Always, .r-f possible, use CE or two-hole
pnmers and iee that waxed paper coverilrE- is'not
-damaged. GC primers if slightly chipped become
moist- and insensitive. If they have to be used.
replace at least once a month, or keep them in oiled
silk or rubber bags with neck sqpled.
(g) Dctonoting fuze.-Have all sPirre ends 12 ins fong and
sealed.

26. 40
(h) safety fyz9.-1t possih_le d,o not lcmooe Jrom rizs until
firing is imminent. rf. faze has to be dxed some time
before firi-ng have fuze 6ins longer than required
and sealed.
(j) Leads (detonating fuze or electric).
(i) Protect from traffic, blast, splinters, etc., by
running the_m under cover of beams, girderS,
parapets, drains, etc., or enclosinf urith
boards or sandbags, or burying.
(ii) separate cordtex ring main from electric circuit
to avoid simultaneous damage to both.
(iii) Prevent water running- do,nn cletonatin g f.uze
lu.9?,
?o t9
-ch-arges,
-by giving leads a"small
" V " bend before they eiter dharges.
(iv) Avoid running them over sharp edges or corners
and- protect where necessary fr-om abrasion
by binding with insulating iape.
(v) Avoid long unsupported lengths, and hold leads
in position with lashings or soft materials
sucL as sandbags or sodsl
(,t) Junctions and junction bo*es.
(i) Position these so that they are protected, from
small arms fi.re, splinters, etlc., and. avoid
having them backecl with conciete or steel.
Protect where necessary with sandbags.
--
(ii) More than one branch can be taken off at a
joint, forming a junction box i this should
be avoided, as th-e cordtex leads may cross,
and.when fired may cut each other. Serre.ai
single junctions are safer.
(m) Underwater charges.
(i) Use CE/JNT or ., g0g ,,
or other service plastic
explosives and CE primers.
(ii) Have ch4rges _con_nected, to initiating points
above water level.
(iii) Fix charges so that they can be lifted out of
water for periodical inlpection.
4l
SBctroN II.-STORAGE OF EXPLOSMS
l. Store in a dry, cool place with good cover and ventilation.
2. See that explosive store is at least 200 yards aray from
any other buildings.
3. Keep explosives above floor level on she!.ves or duck-
boards.
4. Keep detonators well away from other -explosives, l{
possible ii another bu.ilding or with a.blast-proof sandbag wall
between them and uiain explosive store.
5. On translrcrt keep detonators in a separate truck from
other explosiv6s if possible-if not, separate them on truck.
6. When in harbour, see that explosives trucks are Pro-
tected as far as possible from blast- and splinters and Park
them away from-other vehicles and from signal cables.
7. Do not remove explosives from their boxes or packages
until they are about to be used. Avoid having several half-
empty boxes.
NOTE.-These precautions are the practical minimum for
r.iir. service coodltioot. They shouldbe read in conjunction
with Standing Orders on the subject.

27. 42
CHAPTER 3
CHARGE CALGULATION AND PREPARATION
Srcrrou I2.-CUTTING CIIARGES
t. " Haser " forrnula for cutdng charges.
TABLE 9
END CROSS.SEqUON
s/ras c4PrP06fs
-,,,W -*
4g
2. Forraula to be ueed where economy ln exploslvso
le deslrable
B : width of object attacked in feet.
b - width of object attacked in inches.
c : circumference of object attacked in inches.
D : diameter of object attacked in feet.
d : diameter of object attacked in inches.
T : thickness of object attacked in feet.
t : thiclrness of object attacked in inches.
A charge must ALWAYS be continuous over the surface
attacked, even if this involves increasing the calculated
charge.
TABLE 10
cE/TNT
These Notes rcfer to Toble g.
Notes
(a) To get number of slabs
r ' -rei-stlg1
:$ by th" b;;f;Tffi"tf:f::,B,ertY"u;
Tultiply this 6y the nimber iu th" crors-section
shown above.
(D) For- intermediate thicknesses, estimate from above
tabre. charges should ue tiia in- trre *idl[-ff;h;
ratio of about 2 to l.
(c) The table shows correct end cross-sections for t-lb
slabs- rf 2-rb slabs are used, cuarse shourd- be
e q u ival en t_w_ei gh t o f expr osive yi th u, d"
"ro.r
-secgion
conforming as-nearry is possible to those gveiin
the table.
2.
3.
Iron or stcel
Round
section
Rectangular
section
Tlmber*
Round
section
Rectangular
section
Masonry
Walls
Piers
Arch ri
Sdr or cf6 lb
tbtz lb
3D8 lb
3BT2 lb
4dz or lcz oz
$btz oz
2Dt lb
*BT2 Ib
BT, Ib
BT2 Ib
BTI Ib
BT2 Ib
BT, Ib
BT' Ib
3 Hard wood. For soft woods charges may be halved.
Maximum thickness of timber that can be cut is 30 ins.
s Sec para 3 (h) on page 44.
In all cases mini6s6 cross-section is one slab or one
cartridge.
EFFECTIVE
THICKNESS

28. u
3. Notes oa placlng of cuttla! charges
(a) cover full breadth of surface to be cut with explosive.
(D) Ensure all voids between charges and surface attacked
are packed, if. possible with-plastic ,, g0&;;;th;;
plastic explosive.
rf no plastic exprosive is availabre, use clay or mud
no thicher than is-necessary to get a Jtit surybri. --'
(t) At- each.point of igitiation see that direction of the
detonating wave is normar to suriace attacked
(d) clrges should not normaily be thicker than 6 ins.
The width of charge should be from-i to 4 times.the
height of charge.-
@ For. pl.acing charges ou steel girders, etc., the most
satisfactory method of fixingiis to place'charg; i"
wooden boxes windlassea to- the giiders rvith"wire.
Where possible on steel trusseq ;tr; use stassered
charges so that a shearing effect ir butri"-"Jl'-R;:
member that charges nxJa direcfly opposite
""LU
other, e.9.,_ otr either side of web i,t ,iri nSJ,
-*i[
nutlify each other. (Saa RE RpB Slc S+.j-"'
(f) In placing cutting charges on steel sirder bridses.
consider the possibilitJiof the span jr-*i"g ;-tt
falls.
k) Do not attempt !o cr$ more than B ins of steel by the
normal method. For prates or girders
"r
gr"".1.,
thickness or for thick lrmo^ur pbT", rp"cirr ;hA;;
charges are required. (Saa Secig.) ' -
(r) F9r.|9ng continuous charges, e:g., 9t masonry arches,
initiate the clar.sg gyrrv_ s fi '
li itacridg;"h;
from below, dou6le the tharge.
U) Do.not attempt to use normal cutting charses on
reinforced concrete beams. Best m"tnSas?iJ"itn"i
pressure charges (Sec 15) or shaped. charges (setrgj.
4. Adheslves. for cuttlns charggs.-fs assist in fixins
g"gti"g charges to verticar sirfaces Fhsowr* N;:-i r';r-$;fi
*.:f^1?,1C-op, qo,ood (Waterproofing compound) may Ue usea-
iljliyl 1TI_
b" used to assist in. strutting or viiring aud
lYl as a permanent method of fixing. The surface siould
De dry or wiped.,b.efo,re nxiqg lue char[e, which is previouiiy
coated with an |-i! layer ofthe adhes.ive. Fi"ro** No. l l
is suitable for uie between a0 deg-r ."a e0 e;g F uui sh;u
Asbestos compound should ue u#a at high; ilmperatures.
45
Srcrrox I8.-BOREHOLE CIIARGES
l. Boreholo charles tn brlck, maoonry or unreln-
forced concrete plers. Saa Fig 13 (a) :-
(a) DriU horizontal holes two-thirds thickness of pier.
(A) FiU holes hatf full with explosive up to a maximum
of 5 lb.
(o) Spacing of holes 3 ft. Stagger holes in rows.
(d) Two rows for piers up to 6 ft thick. (Three rows if
concrete.)
(c) Three rows for piers from 6 ft up to 9 ft.
0 Distance between rows:depth of holes (minimum
3 ft).
(g) IJse " 808 " or other plastic explosive.
(i) For recce pu{poses allow 5 lb per borehole.
(:j) For piers over 9 ft, borehole charges not possible with
unit compressor.
(i) Beehives (Se9 1-g)-..p1 be used to make boreholes
in piers up to 7 ft 6 ins.
(r) In the case of arch bridges boreholes must be placed
below the springrng of the arch.
2. Drltllnp tlmes wtth pnerrrnatlc tools and servlce
compreSSor.
TABLE 1I
Feet drilled per bour per drill
2-in U-in U-itr
(c)
I
2
3
1
5
6
Brlckwork
Concete (unreinforced)
Slate
Granitc
(c)
(c)
20
9
9
8
7
5
20
10
10
9
8
6
20
13
13
11
10
7

29. 46
Theso Notcs rcfcr to Tabh ll.
Notes
(c) Figures above are for horiz_ontal holes. For vertical
holes they can UJ aoiLtua.
(D) fhey inclui-e oor-J-.toppqgus,--time for changing
bits, and allowance for stuck drills, etc.
(c) PrrcBress for holes
""* b ft deep *iil;; onry half as
(d) Extra arlowan-ces must be-- made for drining at
awkward angles or from aimcurlloriii,oo..
(c)
"ff?ffienaea
sizes J a.iU, for- boreholes a,re as
G-40 ins 2-in drill
40-$0 ir
6o_riii: ::: ::. lrfiffil
3. Borehole charges tn tlmber
(a) C:rge
-requirc.! in ozs of ptastic e*plosiae
Circular s-ection 5-O: p:diameter in ft.
Rectangular sectio" egr Bf ffi;A',^ T:thick-
(D) Use 2-ia auger. ness' both in ft'
(c) For baults or under tg-in diameter use one borehole.
(d) For baurks^of.over tg-in diameter use two boreholes.
Sac Fig lA (D).
4. Notes
(r) U:T-g comprcssor and. bnet
.
i.${q*,r*#+*l'u}s**ry*tg
distance Uit*"eni-offiven ur para I (fl.
(a) Beehives
"o1n+.y
slighfl| quickeith*
"oLpressor:_
ti ) o-;
01,i,":rl;'1"*;+:I-#';*'-aterv
4": "1 _ffA:";:X;i*r..:m" f.1,"" H
grx Spproximately S ft. -
*ffiL :fl:r;.,":?S"_dff i:[. ""u third
(ii) Boreholes.drilled with.6_i, n**"* _ustnot be
ne.trer thaa g ft to uoa
-of
pr; or other
stnrcture.
(iii) Boreholes-dr,led with Beehives must be cooled
before fiIting.
$
s
a
q)
L
@$tu
cry $
e,
.ct
E
l-
.;
q,
ho
E,
,
o
o
a,
L
o
a
t
SE
o
il
ril
rlr
o
frl
d
o
t+i
rr.
frl
&
sa
fE
tl.
c cf)
OFI
,a
E, ,i
EE
s
o
aa
C)
bo
o
)
g
o
g
o
a
l.
E
tt
1
-l
6l
1
E(
8
a
o
x
qJ
c.
-o
bn
SH
t
rrQ
Y).i
gI
+ -r
1 I
-----
t--<l
L
90
Bt
rn
(Uc
ta
e
.q,
tE
s
$
.$
sE
ie.
l--*l'!

30. k)
(d)
48
(iv) wit! electricar firing Beehives must be at least
4 ft apaxt
(v) Using detonatin g faze leads of same length
and fired
{r:* 6 junction box, n."ti", must
be at least Ig ini apart.
Do not use boreholes for ,"irrfor."d concrete piers or
for abutments of
""y -"t"-.i.f . .'
Remember imbortance of tamping._Dry sand is the
best. For ir"riro"i"i'uJi"{"r", use sand that is
slightly damp.
TABLE I2._EXPLOSIVES IN BOREHOLES
49
3. 3' Hast5r t' estlmatlon of camouftet char!,es
@l Use of camouflet equiPment
(i) Maximum dePth of charge z 7 tt.
(ii) Camouflet charge : 5 Primers.
(D) Spacing of waters
(i) Lines of craters 80 ft aPart.
(ii) Individual craters-see Pata I above'
(c) Worhing Porties ond, times
(i) Single crater: one section, one hour'
(ii) Group'of three craters : one section, two hours'
(d Usc of earth ouger f-in
(i) The earth auge-r.in suitable ground will give
depth of 9 ft 6 ins.
(ii) Hole may be made in some soils to ta^ke normal
ammonal tin.
4. Esttmation of lar$e rntned char$es where '' has$ "
C : charge in lb.
D : d,iameter of crater required
in ft.
charge calculated from this formula should be
aouUle,i'in rock or behind-h"lry abutments including
gtrtr reinforced goncrete abutments.
In very soft soils charge may be halved'
(b Position of chorgc
D
(i) Optimum dePth : aPProx 3
(ii) Optimum distance behind abutment face t ?
(iii)Di3,tl,fi"tr5i,f,l""ii:XH;tJft"I'*.o'
5. Estlmatlon of small mtned char$es where " has$"
rules do not aPPIY
(a) Formula C:L; for ammonal'
C:? for " 808 " or other plastic explosive.
Q: charge in Ib.
L- leasfline of resistance in ft measured
from the centre of tJre charge to the
nearest face of object to be
destroyed.
5.
Dirrneter of
borehole in
ins
Military
amm6gSl
(unramned)
0 Ib 14 oas
llb 3ozs
llb 9ozs
Weight per ft nrn of explosive
Serid
ta)
@
I
2
3
u
1t
2
nrles do not aPPIY
(a) Formula C : D3
TtrO
0 lb 14 ozs
llb 4ozs
1 lb 11 ozs
7lb 2 ozs
llbSozs
2lb 0 ozs
SBcrroN I4._MINED CI{ARGES
"ol;g"Xasty
" e8tlmatlon of large mtned and cratertng
(o)
'tr'l
explosive z ft deep give a crater of, 20 to 2s ft
(.01 Space charges I0 ft apart.
(c) rn abutments place these charges s ft back from
abutments.
(d) Use plastic explosives; in dry sites-where charge is
to be blown it once a*_oojl ;;t be-used.
2. " I{ast5r ,' estlmatlon of small mtned charges
(a) Place immediately behind abutment or at centre of
pier.
(b) ,;"d.h*ges of 20 lb at S
(c) For depths of over S ft
para l.
ft spacing, maximum depth
use charges estimated as in
PE2 or PE3
(wrapped)

31. 50
(b) tlfiT.ilfullaced L ft from end of aburment and
(c) They must 4r:wAys !" in contact wittr the inside
surlace of object,tt
"t"a.
6. Note
o"f::p, ;ffkt:?::rr".oarge well concentrated, u sins bags or
SrcrroN IS._PRESSURE CHARGES
(saa Fig 14)
l. Bsttmadon of pressure charges
(a) Rc ssav6'-over middle of each beam prrce a charge
,T li
equal to 2,Tii-e' a"p,i['ir"i#il$,us roadway
(b) RC stabs.;Ov.e1 middle of slab place a ro,
a ft apart-witrr-eaiil'ln*g" in rb
"qo*IootBt-lHs
depth^ol .r"u firJ;;;.y iu feet.
@ rf economy
-of explosives- is .desirable, inoividual
?l*sq. iq (")
"uoi,"
lnJ"ra pJ"i"iir:d"a from the
tormula C:41121. Ib, wlere ff i, tfr"tlptU of the
beam olus roadway io i"qi ;d r"il tire thickness
i'f$:
t";* i" i;;;: ^til'Ii"i-uil,i,lrio,
H and r,
2. Notes
(a) Effect of oressure ch-arge is to overload beam or srab;
therefori always pI;"%-
"ir"rg",
at centre of span.
(b) Iliti" girders are attaoked there is no need, to cut
Ioldyry between girdeis. No excavation is re-
quired.
(t) unless charges demolitioo
To..2 (Geqeral wades) are
used, tamping is most itnpgrtgni. F;;iamping use
one f"lled lan-abag p", iu-,oi-.["rgu.- "' uc,
f '?*}':.1Jiffi,x"'lilf, ,Elx'1,,3"ffi .
jti,"l1,|;'n-
@ Any explosive may be used.
(f) Pressure charges are Nor suitabre for steel girders.
(g) when time permits, the end of the span in the abut-
ment or pier shoula G- attacked simurtH"IIJrl,
with t'he --spau- to increasq th" turning effect ani
easuro a complete demolihon.
51
Cross seationl
Chatge on P C. beani
Fro I4.-PRESS[ RE CHARGES

32. 52
Sncrroi.r I6.-F.OOTING CIIARGES
(saa Fig 16)
l. Estlmatlon of footlng charges
(o) F9l pi"o up.t9 6 ft thick, individual charges in tb:
l0 times thickness of pier i" t, G""i'tui"roess of
(D) ,ij:;j3P#er 6 rt qp t; e rt-thick individuar charges
in lb:20. times thiikness of p-i"r i" rt,'rp"""a thick-
ness of pier apart.
(t) Number 6t cnaiges : width of pier
= thickness.
2. Notes
(a) This is quickest method 9f _derolishing piers where
,r r ^,gtooo.d
level on one side is higher trra-n"on other.
o) rrace charges against face of pler where ground revel
is higher.
(c) Sr," charges so that top of each charge is at, or just
below rround level. I
(d,) Sometimis. where pier is _on level ground it may be
posrsible to excavate sufficient eafth oo oo" side to
make it .possible to plage footing- ct *g", on the
other- cut away-eartlh for fuil thlckn-ess" or pG, o"
side away from c|qrges... Angleaozei *ry 6e abte
to do thiS very quickiylt .it" ?r-;;;iil".
SrcrroN |7.-BREACHING CHARGES
I. Estimation of breachfng charges.
(a) RC.obst_acles
-!r.g., dragon,s teeth)
.(i) Use I lb per cu It to be removed.
(ii) Spread chargg gver targe ;ea-ind keep thick-
ness under 6 ins.
(iii) ce-ntre of charge one-third height of obstacle
from ground.-
(b) RC uatls
(i) Use 2 Ib per cu ft to he removed.
(ii) Orltline bottom and sides of g1p wilh I charge.
Bottom of char_ge not morein:a" i-it"and not
less than I ft aSove ground
(iii) Place remainder of charge in centre of required
gaP.
M3,s9nry obstacles and, ualls.-Above charges may be
halved.
clargeg should be
-praced in direct contact with thc
tarqe.t, loq expl-osive should Uu--i.-L"ea-' to-
paclring,before it is placed in positi-on
53
2. Notes
-(a)
Charges given in -para
1 are for medium reinforced
concrete. For fi"aoy reinforcement (10-in cubo
misU or heavier) double the charge'
(D) When deciding shape of the charge' keep thickpess/
, ' height ratio about I : 4'
(a)
"**.tT:H't"*il:;roft:ffirl Y#"i ;t t;i"*u
Prcbable extenE
of hreach
(c)
(d)
-
Enl.arqement
of Pidr at B
l-.-l
'o-
zJE
Fra 15.-USE OF PIER FOOTING CHARGES

33. l. Estimatron of concussron char$ee , (sce Fig 16)
_Formula: C=,KT ,/VT
Where C:charge in lb.
T:wa[ thickness in feet (where roof thickness is
Fgth gr_ealel than wati tUictnlss ana one_third
, :,i3i:l; i
j::: ::::,:=i#*i::
,o ,, ,"'rlti:r, i:;:n'#? ,''ll aoo",
"ii):-"*
u'-
(i) the s6engttr-of the materials used in
- construction;
.(ti) tlr" shape of the structure.
(iii) the nufrber- ot openina;; weak spots
in the walls andlor ro"of, through;ti.;
the effect of th6 charge may I" aissi-
- values of K tor air"P&Trurr"u of structure are given below.
These values *:_gi""o as a ;oiai
-;"d
;;ft]g modified in
5{
SBcrror.r I8.-CONCUSSION CHARGES
the light of experi-eace .-
Type of structure Vdue of K
0.1
0.24.4
2. Notes
55
Concussion charges are not efiective ff one e-nclosing
:il6;-Jr*.ur "o, i."tl ir .
much wea^ker than the
-Jirr=,
,i u"ilJi"if *itu thick masonry walls and
.:::x:gffiu :'t.o**X"'canqot be used ror rramed'
"iiift;st, *, ilr?rdi"sf
"i
stegl or Rc' which do not
relv on their ;;il-;at for structural strength. In
['Jr"1;iili;6 ;[""tiam*ork must be demolished
by cutting oi borehole charges'
':H *tl,:i,'xrx *l:n:wg;:? tH
"Sffi
ffil
itiu""-"iri"i.t "ii"iei
of ,.'*g than one floor, charges
;;JL; ""r""r"tCd
for, and placed on all floors'
Do not o* "ooiioioo'"Ut"gles
when it is desirable
to do as little damage as.possible t9-
"9joi*itl8
u"rriils"
-il"t";d-;; cutting c|ryges for thin
*"u.- tip t" ilii", tnictl lnd f6r thicLer walls use
;;l f,o:t"uote-;*a;;; 5-8 o' explosive at 12- to
(c)
(d)
(a)
(fl
0.4
1.0
18-in centres'
G)
"?i,ii.iy"i:hfm';i lt%i' .*"H:*"*tilHii
may be used :-
6:VT
i00
where the min value for T is l'
Blocked looPholes
Frc 16
CONCUSSION CIIARGE
(")
(b)
Close all window_s and doors, and tamp other openings
by filling with sanabags.
-
-
materiais' *;t ue usea ;T ;;;,ri#T,ff "r:I"fltHi
n9t. !e so good., Atways aim t'o fi;; b;itdt+ corn-
pletely enclosed.
Place calculated charge in lots of s0-I00 or 200 lb,
close to the stron[e_st fejiures di,- "o*lrc or
junctions of walls)." Where-adjoinilU r;;; have
the same volume,'and walls ;i'-rfi;B*ii"#iy tue
:ffi ;ff t#i:,i"l}:?Jff:8ff ,;fl*;*ll.fJ
rooms in ritio z:T; -t'u-;iffiitff;rH;: *
IN RC I.ORTIFICATIONS

34. 57
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35. 58 59
Thesc Nobs lcfor to T&h 13.
2. Notes
(") Bongalore torPedo, ll-in, Mh I
(i)'X:L
i?fi*"f,"#; dffffi" l1ffi .,;l:
may still be encountered.
(ii ) when u
:Hrr -'ff; "* Ha'lffi#Tr"
u,i,"ltT.?l
nrouna.' dl"ar gap will normally result as
iar
"s
adjoining ufrigUt on either side'
(iii) See-th*
ffiunffi"Ii,Xiut"reast
20
^I3;
""
O"it" lyrng do-wn not safe nea'rer than
100 yds, untesJ behind splinter-proof cover'
('")
"?i,*"*x'; H,H1*3'*3Irff"T" #:H$rfi
is reasdnably safe path for men on foot but
anti-iant 'r,irrss in this path may be rendered
hvoer-sensitive by blast. Therefore, alw-ays
."'#"U p.tU for 'tii.es if possible before tised
by iufantry.
(v) Torpedoes can eeily be improvised with iron
pibing and " 808."
€
d
E
o)
H
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8 r''
a€eg
lE$;
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36. Connecting Lug
Remoyable
scnew caP
| 'r
n.{
g
(-
a
. Frc
CIIARGE DEMOLITION
Socket for debrator
Euilt m Primer
Explosive Ftlling
Aroo* bne
t7
No. I, BEEHM, 6-IN
Charge flot on obJut to be attacked
Sarino elios for use Mth
--- &todator fuze branch
-1 junctrcns (tf used)
Frc.I8.-CHARGE DEMOLITION NO. 2 GENERAL WADE

37. 62
6uilt in Pnmer
fxplouve charyd
63
Srctror 20.-MISCELLANEOUS DEMOLITION
TECHNIQUE
l. General.-fYsfss on methods of demolition of various
targets are given in RE RPB. Sec 34, para I0,
2. Excavatlon for $unplts' etc
@l I lb explosive buried 2 ft in' 6pound will form crater
of loose, easily excavated soil for radius of 2 ft aud
depth of 3 ft in hard or rocky soil.
(D) Spitlock gunpit or other excavation to correct slape
-and bury charges over it at 4-ft, centres. Blow
simultaneously with ring main.
(c) Method is NOT suitable
(i)wheresoii j:J:Tr,""',HfJi[T:1[:t;-:H,:l
tion by this method.
(ii) Where blowing of charges may give position
away to enemy.
(iii) When spoil scattered over ground may betray
position to enemy aerial recce.
(d) Do not use this method for weapon s/fls.-Area of
loosened soil is too wide and walls will not be firm
enough to .
give protection against AFVs over-
running position.
3. Destf,uctlon of exploslves
(c) Explosives, if in bad condition, should be destroyed
bt burning in small lots of not mole than 5 tb.
Place in trenches if possible, and igtdte with petrol-
soaked saudbags from down wind.
(b) CE/TNT will not often deteriorate unless millboard
cover qf slabs is damaged. This explosive will not
burn unless a very hot flame is applied. It should
be detonated in small quantities.
(c) Explosives contaminated by war gixles are liable to
become dangerous in varying degrees within a short
period of contamination. Do not attempt to decon-
tominate uith Ncach. This may cause ign'ition or
detooation. Soak with water aqd then split into
small lots and destroy by hurning as already
described.
Frc I9.--CHABGE DEMOLITION No. 3, HAYRICK

38. &
TABLE I4._HASTY ESTIMATION OF
IN THE PREPARATION
Norr.-These are average figures and it is most unlikety that
Nature of bridge width
Single cut across
one sp:rn
(SIab or plastic
explosive)
65
MEN, TIME AND EXPLOSIVES REQUIRED
OF A DEMOLITION BELT
these .will be correct for any one bridge, &d a detailed
will always be necessary.
Destruction of oqe abutment
Serial
No.
Using mined
charges placed by
Camouflet method
(Plastic explosive
or arnmonal)
740
140
2to
zLO
Using deliberate
mined charges
Forrnula
Dj
50
(Any explosive)
Ex-
plosive
lb
75
L25
150
225
2
c
c
a
,
o
2
2
c
2
)
;
c
c
c
2
,
Tin
hrs secs
Time
hrs
48
48
72
72
72
Ex-
plosive
lb
600
600
2,000
2,000
2,000
600
@0
600
2,040
2,000
2,000
600
600
600
2,AOA
2,W
2,000
seqs
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
,
c
2
1
2
3
4
Brick, masonry or mass
concrete arches. piers
and abutments'
-
Steel girder
Spa.s
FterJ ana abutmenii
as in serials 14
Up to 20
20-40
Up to 20
20-40
Up to 2O
20-4m
Up to 20
Over 4O
10-40
,f0-80
10-40
40-80
2
,
3
3
5
6
7
8
9
l0
11
t2
13
t4
15
16
77
18
t9
20
2t
40
RC slabs
10-40
40-80
80-130
10-40
40-80
80*130
10-40
40-80
80-130
10-40
40-80
60-130
10--40
40-E0
80-r30
10-40
40-80
80-130
6I
8t
10t
8t
10t
t2t
Piers
450
450
450
800
800
900
60
150
290
720
300
+40
100
150
2so
200
300
s00
160*
3s0t
so0i
320t
70ol
1,000i
st
6t
7l
6t
7l
7t
7s
125
150
1s0
225
225
140
140
t+o
210
210
2t0
140
7+O
1+O
2LO
210
2to
o
2
2
3
3
3
o
2
2
2
2
2
Beams and girders
RC piers and abutments
500$
600$
1,0009
1,000s
1,600
2,400
Norrs.-. May need compressor to break road surface.
t lganressor required for three-quarters of this time.
If Beehives are used-hdf time.
I [Jsg presslre charges, Nternatively attack with hayricks from
underneath
$ Dig dorvn. and pt-agg pr-Essure charges at c-rown and both I spaos.
If available, use hayricks at crowi and both fspans.
"
,
c
2
2
c
1
1
1
1
1
1
RC arcbes-
Piers and ibutments . .
2
2
2
3
3
3
probably f66 rhis!.r
to attack
Abutments
probably too
heavy for use
of Camouflet
charges
2
2
?
/)
2
2
reconnaissance of each bridge
Destmction of one pier
U.iog borehole I Using footing
.. gharge-s I charges
(Plastic explosive) I (erry exflosive)
secs
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
L
1
1
+8
48
48
72
72
72
48
+8
48
72
72
72

39. 67
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40. 68
60
Tlusc Nobs refu to Tobh 15.
Notes
l. Weight for weight, American service explosives can bc
taken as having the same power as British. -
2. Americans do not use primers. Their detonators are
more_powerful and priming charges are incorporated in their
demolition blocks. But if British detonators are used,
standard British technique should be employed for initiation.
American detonating fuze is primacord-which may also be
issued to the RE. Treat it exactly as cordtex.
CHAPTER 5
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
SrctroN 22.-SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN TRAINING
AND OPERATIONS
l. General
(a) The following safetl' precautions iIUST be otrscrved
on training. In operations they must be observed
as far as is practicable.
(D) Never mix DUMMY and LM explosives.
(c) Treat all stores, including dummies, as LIVE.
(d) No srnoking in the vicinity of explosives.
(c) Appoint tiCO or spr to be in charge of all explosives.
0 Check explosives before and after instructional
periods.
(g) Keep-detonators and primers rx'ell separated from bulk
explosives.
$n See that explosives are stored as laid dou'n in Sec I l.
2. Practical firin$ of charges
(a) Before the beginning of the practice
(t)"'"i;i::l;Ll':'i":d:"1",Ti,"*i:T,ili'1""il
::*i,"?:";"1;#",3" #H:X':oj:'T: ix
ii,".?*,'*-3rtiJ'I".3tl3f tiuo"1?:T".ilt3,
B*::'j?,,J*"r"
charges being fired dri nct
'- 0)
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41. lr
(ii )
(iii )
70
For every practice or demolition, an adeAuat:r
danger- aiea will be marked out with RED
fliCS ; sentries will be posted on the
oerimeter of this atea, to ensure that no one
[arrenter the danger area during the practice'
The follorn'ing safety distances should be ob-
- served at itt times during training, unless
splinterproof cover is available for-spectators
tb take 3h"lt"r during the firing of ttre charge;
in operations they ry"y have to be reduced
and the risk accePted.
Firing detonatorS, Primers and
deionating fuze ii ttre oP99- -?9 V{t'
7t
(vi) For the first test of continuity of a.circuit, the
I ' detonators will be removed from the charges'
On all tests, men will be blear of the charges'
(vii) Do not connect the leads of the exploder until
---'
immed,iately before firing- -
In -traini"S' -tF'
k"y of th; exploder will be kept -by the
odcer-in-chargd; on operations tEe Eey will
be kept undeiguard, near the exploder'
(viii) Never tamp with a metal instrument, or use force
in tamPing.
(ix) The minimum number of men will be used to
prepare the charge-s; men not working will
b" t itftarawn under corer or outside the
danger area.
Before firing the charges
(i) Officer-in-charge will ensure that all sentries
know their -duties, and that the 'charge is
about to be fired.
(ii) All men. other than the man detailed to light
/
the saietv fuze and the officer-in-charge, will
rvithdraw to a Place of safetY.
(iii) If more than 9g9 cha.lge is being {t9d Uy safelY
,
f:uze, two NCOs will be detailed to count the
explosions.
(iv) All spectators, if in,the open, w-ill be warned
.-
tfrat they must look upwards for falling
fragments.
(v) When satisfied that all is in order and the dang-er
area ls clear, the officer-in-charge will give the
order to fire. The firing party will light the
safety fuze and withdra* to the electric firing
point.
(.vi) When the firing Pa-ryy-lr?s reached the electric
' firing point, 6u1 NOt BEFORE, the electric
leadJ ivitt Ue connected to the exploder, and
the charges f.red electricallY.
Atter firing the charges
(i) The offi.cer-in-charge will persgl'l.Iy make an
inspection to eniure that all, charges have
fireld, and are safe ; he will then give the all
clear signal.
lli
ii1
Cutting charges on wood
Borehole charges in masonry ...
Iiinecl and cratering charges
Firing smali'charges up -to-S
Ib.
- 100 yds'
300 yds.
(up to 70 lb.) -_-_-,
,
Cuiting charges on metal 1,000
(c)
yds.
if the
(b)
(Nore.-This may be- reduced
charge is fired in a covered Pit.)
During the preparation of the charge
(i) Rate of burning of 1afgty fuze will be timed;
,
adequate length of fuze will be allowed to
enable the firing party to reach the place of
safcty at a walk, before. the charge can
explode.
(ii) Never bury safe[r fuze or detonators ; connect
charges uP with detonating fuze'
(iii) -here more than one charge is being fir-ed by
-- ' safety fuze, they rvill be timed to fire at
intervals oi at ieast l0 seconds to enable
explosions to be heard separatelY, as a check'
(iv) Treat all stores, especially detonators,. rvith
- '
' care. For crimping detonators use only- the
proper crimperrs, is issued to units' Take
care not to^ crimp near the closed end of
detonators.
(v) Detonators rvill not be placed in charges until
'- ' the order is given for the demolition to be at
instant read-iness. Electric detonators qriU
be tested for continuity before being in-
"corporated in the circuit (this also ensures that
they are not over sensitive)'
(d)

42. lrii
liili
1ll
72
(ii) No one will be allowed to enter the danger areiei
and spectators will not leave the place o!
safety-till the all clear signal has been given
by the officer-in-charge.
(a) fn the event of a misfire
(i) No one will be dlowed to enter tbe danger a.rea
or leave the place of safety till 10 minutes
after the attempt to fire if electric methcid was
used, or 30 minutes if safety fuze method was
used.
(ii) The misfire wiU then be dealt witJr by ttre
officer-in-charge, with the minimum number
of assistants.
(iii) No attempt will be made to remove the mis-
fired chargp; it wfll be detonated by firing
another charge adjacent to it.
(iv) When this cbarge has been fi.red, the officer-in-
charge will inspect again personallY, to qnsure
that it has detonated and is safe. If satisfied.
he will give the all clear signal.
ROYAL ENGINEERS SUPPLEMENTARY
POCKET BOOK, No. 4
DEMOLTTIONS, 1946
AMENDMENTS (No. l)
l. Page 3. Section 2. Para. 2(l). Add at end " (See
RE RPB, Sec. 38.) ".
2. Delete pages 6 and 7 and substitute new pages 6 and 7
attached hereto.
3. Page 8. Serial l.
CoI. (c). Delete lines 5 to 10 and swbstitwte " primer "'
CoI. (d.). Delete lines 6 to 9.
4. Page 9.
Serial 2. Col. (t). Aboue line I insert " obsolescent.".
Beloru line 11. f nsert " Can be used for training in lieu
of PE2 or " 852 ". ".
Serial 3. col. (l). Delete all detail and substitute :-
Amdt. llSePt.lt9a7.
Standard. plastic HE for tropical use, NoT suitable
for tunnelling.
Serial 4. CoI. (l). Delete all detail aDld substitute
"-
Amdt. tlSept.lr9aT
Stand.ard plastic HE, Nor suitable for tunnelling.
5. Page 10. Serials 5 and 6. Col. (l) .^ Delete all detail
and szbsiitute " Obsolescent, can be used for training in lieu
ot PE2 or " 852 ".", irL each case.
6. Page 11. Delete Serial 9 and all detail.
Q27+0) G.e1l 37,soo 6i+6 K.II.K. Gp,8l7

43. 2
7. Page 12. Delete Note I and renumber Notes 2, 3, 4
and 5 as l, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
8. Page 13. Serial l. Col. (r). Add at end :-
Amdt. l/Sept./I9a7
Matches, fuzee ; Igniters, SF electric and Igniters, SF
striking should only be used for training with " battle
noises ".
9. Page 14. Serial 4. Col. (I). Add at etd " Should
only be used for training with " battle tloises "."
Oppositc Serial 6 in col. (l insert " Obsolescent.".
10. Page 15.
Opposite Serial 8 in col. (l) insert " Obsolescent.".
Serial 9. Col. (r). Add, at end " Used for booby trap
training only ".
ll. Page 17. Delete Serials 12 and 13 and all detail.
12. Page 18. Serial 14.
Col. (c). Line l. Delete " Fig 2 " and substitute
" Fig 18 ".
Col. (r). Delete all detail and substitute " Issued with
General Wade charges. Obsolescent.".
13. Page 19. Belou para 2 (a) (iv). Delete Note.
14. Page 20. Fig 2.. Delete " IGNITER SAFETY
FUZE, STRIKING " and all detail.
15. Page 22. Fig 4. Delete third
2-hole primer) and all detail.
16. Page 25. Fig 7.
sketch (showing the
Legend F. Delete','
Legend G. Add at
17. Page 28.
Serial 2. Col. (S). Add at end " Should only be used
for training rvith " battle noises ". "
Serial 4. Col. (b). Delete lines I to 3 and su'bst'itute
" f)ynamo ".

44. 3
18. Page 29.
Note I (c). Add at end ._
Amdt. tlsept.,rtg47
This is in order to-
(i) Facilitate connecting of detonator at rast minute.
(ii) Avoid accidental dEtonation when
"rr.rg",
.i"
(iii)
"3;"$*iT:dci.cuit
and detonators in most
protected position.
Note 2 !t)- Derete rast g lines and su.bstitute ,,cable,
electric, 0'002J (singre, lou,)--2.s6-ohmi per 100 vds
double.".
19. Page 80.
Delete Serial I and all cletail.
Serial 2. Col. !e).. :4dd at end ,,Obsolescent,
can be
used for trainirg,,.
20. Page Sl.
l.tnder Notes,referring to Table S d,elete para. (a).
2l ' Page 33. Derete the first g lines and the figure
opposite.
!2.--Page 34. Serial 2, Exploder test, delete (a) Mk. 7*
and all detail.
.23..Page 35. Serial 5. Cols. (d.) and (e), delete,,Test 2,,
and substihrle " Test B
,, in each case.
24. Page 36. Note 2. Testing.
Line I. Delete " (see Fig 12) ,,.
Below line I insert :-
Amdt. tlSept.ltg47
(a) Make visual inspection of circuit before
out test.
Re-lettey paras. (a), (b), (c) and (d) as (b), (c), (d)
respectively.
25. Page 39.
carryrng
and (e),
4
26. Page 4I. Delete last 3 lines and su,bstitute:-
Amdt. l/Sept./1947
NOTE.-These precautions are the practical minimum
for operational conditions. In other conditions advice
should be obtained from RAOC and standing orders
should be framed accordingly.
27. Page 42. Delete Note (c).
28. Page 43. Table 10, headings.
Col. (c), delete " CE/TNT " and substitute " GC (or
CE/TNT) ".
Col. (d), delete " " 808 ", " 852 ", PE3 " and sabstit rt,
"PE'z or "852"".
29. Page 44.
Para 3 (D), line 2. Delete " plastic " 808 " or other ".
Para. 3 (d). Delete lines 2 and 3.
Para. 3(h), line 3. Delete " double the charge " and
substitute :-
Amdt. l/Sept./19.17
take the effective thickness to be cut as rwtcB the
thickness of the arch ring.
Delete para. 4.
30. Page 45. Para. I (g) . Delete " " 808 " or other ".
Delete para. I (A) and substitute :-
Amdt. l/Sept./19,17
(A) Beehives (Sec 19) can be used to make boreholes
5 ft deep, and so can be used to make boreholes
in piers of thicknesses up to 7 ft 6 in.
3I. Delete page 47 and substitute new page 47 attached
hereto.
32. Page 48. Table 12, heading.
Col. (d), delete " 808, 851,".
Col. (a), delete " or PE3 ".
Section 14. Para. 2 (b). Delete " maximum depth 5, ft "
and substitute " maximum distance behind abutment face
5ft".
33. Page 49. Para. 5 (a). Line 6 from bottom of page-
Delete " " 808 " or other ".
Delete sub-para . (c).
Sub-para. (fl,"linb t, d.alete ,,or
(27e4e)
two-hole ".
A2

45. 5
34. Page 50. Para. 6.
Line 1. Delete " Note " and swbstitwte " Notes ".
Line 2. Before " Keep " in linc 2 insert " (o) ".
Below line 3 insert'-
Amdt. tlSept.l1947
(b) With arched bridges, charges should always be
placed below the level of the springing.
35. Page 52. Section 16.
Below heading delete " Fig 16 " and substitute " Fig l5 ".
Para. 2 (a). Line 2.
least 18 ins ".
Para. 2 (c). Add at
36. Page 56.
Serial l.
Col. (c), line I . After 6-ft ,insert " or l0-ft ".
Col. (g) . Delete all detail.
Serial 2. Col. (/), Iine 6. Delete " Critical " artd sub-
stitute " Minimum ".
37. Page 57. Serial 3.
Qol. (c), line I1. After " branch " insert " junction ".
Col. (g). Add at end " Obsolescettt.".
38. Page 58. Delete Serials 5 and 7 and all detail.
39. Page 59. Last line. Delete " " 808 " " and sub-
stitr.tte "
^ny
plastic HE.".
40. Page 62. Bottom diagram. Insert " 6 ins " near
the left bottom edge of the diagram to indicate the width
of the hayrick.
41. Page 67 .
Serial 4. Col. (/). Delete " Waterproo " and substitute
" Waterproof ".
Serial 6. Col. (b). Lines 2 and 3. Delete " non-electric
(detonators) " and substitute " (non-electric deton-
ators) ".
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