الهمز

1. ‫ﺣﺮف؟‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺮئ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢ‬:‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬ ‫وﻋﺸﺮون‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬ ‫وﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫واﻹدﻏﺎم‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻮﯾﻦ‬.‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وإن‬‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺮف‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫وھﺬه‬ ،‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬:
١-‫وﻻ‬ ،‫واﻟﺤﺬف‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫واﻹﺑﺪال‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﺮأ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﺪت‬ ‫وإن‬ ،‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪ‬
‫أﺧﺮى‬..
‫اﻹﺑﺪال‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﺎل‬) :‫ﯾﺆﻣﻦ‬.: (‫ورش‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮؤھﺎ‬) :‫ﯾﻮﻣﻦ‬.(
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﺜﺎل‬) :‫اﻷرض‬(‫ورش‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮؤھﺎ‬)‫َﺮض‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬.(
‫اﻟﺤﺬف‬ ‫وﻣﺜﺎل‬) :‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬(ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮؤھﺎ‬)‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎ‬(‫اﻷوﺟﮫ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺪل‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﺤﺖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫وﻧﻮن‬ ،‫اﻹدﻏﺎم‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أدﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‬ ‫واﻹدﻏﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻨﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮل‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺳﮭﻞ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﺪ‬
‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬:‫اھﻤﺰ‬.‫وﻧﺤﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻹدﻏﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﺗﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)ِ‫ق‬(‫و‬)ِ‫ع‬(‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻦ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺣﺎول‬ ، ‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺬات‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬.
٣-‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄﺗﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫وﺑﺮﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮدة‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫واﻟﯿﺎء‬ ‫واﻟﻮاو‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﺷﻜﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬.‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫ﯾ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫أ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺪ‬‫ئ‬.
٤-‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺤﺬﻓﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻓﺄي‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺤﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬)‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬) :‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬:‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎ‬) (‫اﻷﻧﺒﯿﺎء‬:‫اﻷﻧﺒﯿﺎ‬) (‫ﯾﺆﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬:‫ﯾﻮﻣﻦ‬) (‫ﯾﺄﻛﻞ‬:‫ﯾﺎﻛﻞ‬.(
٥-‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺋﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻠﻔﻆ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫أﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﺮأ‬
‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬)‫أﷲ‬(ً‫ﻼ‬‫وﺻ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻈﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻻ‬)‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬(‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﻠﺤﻮا‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ھﻤﺰة‬
‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬)Œ(‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ھﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ووﺻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻗﻔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻮال‬.
‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﺮأ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻤﺰة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫واﷲ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬.