The document discusses tumors of the jaws, classifying them as benign or malignant. Benign tumors are slow-growing while malignant tumors spread more rapidly and can involve lymph nodes or distant areas if neglected. Treatment includes biopsy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy depending on whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Early diagnosis is important for effective management.

1. Tumours of
the Jaws

2. Benign tumor
 These
lesions may be unsightly or
may be traumatised repeatedly, for
example during shaving.
 Odontogenic cysts & non-odontogenic
tumor
 Soft tissue tumor and hard tissue tumor

3. Malignant tumor
 Themajority of these lesions spread slowly
over years but some may spread more
rapidly to involve lymph glands in the
local area or more distant areas. All will
cause great damage if neglected.

4. Management of benign or
malignant tumor
 Biopsy
 Surgical
treatment
 Radiotherapy
 Chemotherapy

5.  Tumor:
 Is a mass of cells,
tissues or organs
resembling those
normally present but
arranged atypically
and behave
abnormally.
 Behavior is very
essential and is of great
importance.

6.  Classification:
 Histogenetic:
 Epithelial origin
 connective tissue
origin
 Histological:
 Degree of
differentiation.
 Well
 moderate
 poorly
differentiated

7. Clinical behavior:
 Benign:
 slowlygrowing and expanding causing pressure
atrophy but remain within the capsule.
 Very few mitosis could be seen.
 Malignant:
 Invade surrounding tissues and locally invasive.
 Progressive growth and metastasize to distant
organs, embolic spread due to lack of cell
adhesion
 Mitosis.
 Intermediate:
 Locally
invasive, no metastasis. Basal cell
carcinoma and Ameloblastoma

8.  Oral lesion are
 Carcinomas:
 Non‑secreting epithelial
 Squamous cell
90%
 Secreting epithelial
 Adenocarcinoma
5%
 Sarcomas:
 Lymphomas
 Others

9.  Early diagnosis is very essential for management
 Clinical diagnosis from the signs and symptoms
 Referral for essential investigation

10.  CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL CANCER
 Symptoms vary according to the site of the lesion
 painless in the early stages
 painfuland tender when secondarily infected or
involves a sensory nerve
 painless lump or ulcer on the lip
 Posteriorly no symptom until it reach a size of 2 ‑3 cm
swelling,
 pain and difficulty in deglutition
 absence of symptoms until the tumor metastasize to
regional lymph nodes
 hard lump on the neck

11. late symptoms:
 pain due to secondary infection or nerve involvement
 excessive salivation
 difficulty in deglutition, speech
 haemorrhage
Within bone:
 painless swelling involving the buccal and lingual or palatal
sulci
 teeth become loose and painful ‑ acute alveolar abscess
 edentulous pt. the denture does not fit
 denture hyperplasia
 anaesthesia of the upper or lower lip and the cheek.

12.  Carcinoma of lip:
 age 50‑70 years. Male
lower class.
 Predisposition factor:
 dirty, jagged and stained
teeth
 irritation.
 tobacco smoker
 leukoplakia.
 intense solar radiation ‑
blistering cheilitis due to
sunshine.

14.  Carcinoma of tongue
 Anterior 2/3, affect males
 Posterior 1/3 equal in both sexes.
 Age over 60 years.
 Predisposing factors:
 Female with cancer tongue suffer from Paterson ‑Kelly
syndrome.
 Bad oral hygiene
 Heavy alcoholic with element of Vit.B deficiency.
Producing precancerous mucosal atrophy
 Syphilitic and leukoplakia. 25% and 5%.
 Superficial glossitis, papilloma, fissures and
non‑specific ulcers.

15.  Clinically:
 Painless swelling
 Painful infected ulcer, referred pain to the ear.
 Excessive salivation, marked factor oris,
haemorrhage
 loss of mobility due to fixation to the floor of the
mouth.

16. Malignant first on one side, when
occur at Tumors
 Fixation
tongue is protruded it deviate toward the
affected side
 indurations, fungation or ulceration which
spread to the floor of the mouth and alveolar
process and from post. 1/3 to the fauces,
valleculae and epiglottis bilaterally.
 Spread to regional lymph nodes.
 Death: Inhalation bronchopneumonia,
haemorrhage, cachexia and starvation and
asphyxia.

17.  Carcinoma of the mouth:
 Floor of the mouth.
 Typicalmalignant ulcer extend to alveolar
process & tongue.
 The cheek:
 warty and proliferative.
 The alveolar process:
 warty, nodules or proliferative.

18.  Palate:
 spread extensively before involving bone
papillary or ulcerative.
 Soft palate and fauces:
 Poor prognosis. bilateral Lymph node
involvement
 Proliferative, fungating lesion spread to base
of tongue.
 Pain, dysphagia and death due to erosion of
carotid artery