BLOOD TRANSFUSION

1. 
DR.MUHAMMAD ABDUL SHAKOOR
TRAINEE REGISTRAR SURGICAL UNIT 1
SHEIKH ZAYED HOSPITAL LAHORE
BLOOD AND BLOOD
PRODUCTS

2. 
 Blood is the connective tissue consisting of plasma
and cellular component. Blood is considered as River
of life.Blood has nutritive,excretory and defensive
functions. Average human has 5 litres of blood i.e,
8% of total body weight.
BLOOD

3. 
BLOOD COMPONENTS

4. 
BLOOD PRODUCTS
Red Cell Concentrates
Platelet Concentrates
Granulocyte Concentrate
Fresh Frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Coagulation Factors
Plasma Derivatives
Plasma Components
Cellular Components
Blood

5. 
 Based on different specific gravities
 RBC : 1.08-1.09
 Platelet : 1.03-1.04
 By using differential centrifugation,blood
components separated into layers
BLOOD COMPONENTS
PREPARATION

6. 

7. 
 Whole blood = Donor blood + Anticoagulant
 1 Unit - 450ml
 Anticoagulant (CPDS)
 Rich - coagulation factors
 Hct – 35- 45%
 Stored at 2 - 6 ˚c
 Shelf life - 35 days
WHOLE BLOOD

8. 
 Acute blood loss with hypovolemia
 Severe anaemia
 Exchange transfusion in case of severe
hyperbillirubinaemia
 Leukemia's and aplastic crisis
INDICATIONS

9. 
 Platelets and plasma are removed
1 unit =330 ml and contains 50 – 70 % hematocrit
Rate ofransfusion 3ml/kg
Stored in with SAG-M(saline,adenosine,glucose,mannitol )
Shelf life - 35 days
Stored at 2 - 4 ˚c
1 unit: increase Hb level about 1g/dL (10g/L)&
Hct by 3%.
RED CELL CONCENTRATES

10. 
 Trauma – acute blood loss > 20%
 Anaemia
 Thalassemia
 Sickle cell disease
 Leucoreduced RBCs
INDICATIONS

11. 
 Contain of
1. Large number of granulocytes
2. Other leucocytes
3. 20-50ml of RBCs
 INDICATION:
Supportive treatment for patients with severe
neutropenia with documented sepsis unresponsive
to antibiotic treatment.
GRANULOCYTES

12.  Platelet rich plasma – Centrifugation.
 Stored at – 20 to 24 ˚c
 Shelf life – 5 days
 I unit = 15 - 20ml
Indications:
BLEEDING due to
 thrombocytopenia
 Due to platelet dysfunction
PLATLETS

13. 

14. 
 Plasma is collected from whole blood
 Frozen within 8 hours of collection
 1 Unit – 200 - 250ml
 Contains all coagulant factors
 Stored at - 40 to - 50˚c
 Shelf life – 2 years
FRESH FROZEN PLASMA

15. 
 Single clotting factor defeciency
 Multiple coagulation factor deficiencies :-
1. DIC
2. liver disease
3. warfarin overdose
4. TTP
INDICATION

16. 
 Supernatant precipitate of FFP
 Rich in factor VIII and fibrinogen
 Stored at −30°C
 Shelf life – 2 years
 I unit = 15 - 20ml
INDICATIONS;
 Hemophilia A
 Von Willebrand’s disease
 FXIII or fibrinogen deficiency
CRYOPRECIPITATE

17. 
 Highly purified concentrates prepared from pooled
plasma.
 Contain factors II, IX and X. Factor VII may be
included
INDICATION;
Indicated for the emergency reversal of
anticoagulant(warfarin)
PPROTHROMBIN COMPLEX
CONCENTRATES

18. 
BLOOD
TRANSFUSION

19. 
Blood groups

20. 
Rh system
 Rhesus (Rh) factor is an
inherited protein found on the
surface of red blood cells is
strongly antigenic and present in
approximately 85 per cent of the
population.

21. 
 It should be done to checks ABO/Rh compatibility
Cross matching

22. 
 Two categories:
 Infectious complications
 Non-infectious complications
COMPLICATIONS

23. 
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION
 Occurs at time of collection either from the donor or
the venipuncture site or during component
preparation
 Usually by staph, pseudomonas, E.Coli, yersinia
 Symptoms: Rapid onset
 Fever, hypotension, chills, muscle pain
 Vomiting, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea,
hemoglobinuria, shock, renal failure, & DIC.
INFECTIOUS COMPLICATION

24. 
 Transfusion must be stopped immediately
 Gram stain & blood cultures should be done on the
unit, patient and all infusion sets .
 Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be given
immediately intravenously
 Viral :
HIV and HCV transmission
MANAGMENT

25. 
NON-INFECTIOUS
COMPLICATION

26. 
 Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
 Nonhemolytic Febrile Transfusion Reactions
(NFHTR)
 Allergic Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions
 Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury
IMMEDIATE IMMUNOLOGIC

27. 
 AIR EMBOLISM
 CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD
 HYPOCALCEMIA
 HYPERKALEMIA
IMMEDIATE NON IMMUNOLOGIC

28. 
 Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion reaction
 Graft vs Host Disease
 Post Transfusion Purpura
DELAYED IMMUNOLOGIC

29. 
 Iron Overload
DELAYED NON
IMMUNOLOGIC

30. 
THANK YOU