This document discusses radiation safety, including ionizing radiation which has enough energy to ionize atoms by knocking off electrons and break chemical bonds in living cells. It describes radiation warning signs, measurement devices like dosimeters, and the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) concept to minimize radiation exposure through time, distance and shielding. The Turkish Atomic Energy Authority is responsible for regulating radiation issues in Turkey through licensing, education, oversight and environmental and personnel protection.
5. Turkish Atomic Energy Authority
It is responsible for every issue
related to radiation such as giving
approval, permission, license,
education, operation, personel
and environmental protection.
6. With sufficiently high energy can ionize atoms
Inonizing means knocking an electron
It can break chemical bonds in living cells
Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles.
What does mean saying Iionizing it is an answer to a question how radiation effects a living organism.
To understand ionizing first we have to figure out the electromagnetic spectrum.
Here you are looking at the electromagnetic spectrum.
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation.
If we move to the left side direction on the spectrum the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves increase and at the same time the energy of the electromagnetic waves decrease.
If we move to the right side direction on the spectrum the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves degrease and at the same time the energy of the electromagnetic waves increase.
It means shorter wavelenghts have more radiation quality more harmful effect, and more penetration ability.
In other words longer is not better.
Light, radio, and microwaves are types of radiation that are called nonionizing.
Radiation is a kind of energy form and it can travel in space, in air or in metarial sure may be able to penetrate to our bodies.
It can be formed both particles and electromagnetig waves.
It penetrates into materials even our bodies.
While we cannot feel and see radiation, it is readily detected and measured
We only see the radiation effects in our bodies if we are exposed in excessive radiation doses.
Time: The less time you spend exposed to radiation the lower your dose. When experimenting, make sure you know exactly what you need to get done with the radiation. If necessary, go through a dry run practicing all your motions without the radiation. Only use the radiation when you have worked out all the other potential problems with your experimental procedure.
Distance: Like most other physical phenomena, radiation decreases with distance in accordance with the inverse square law. This means that the further away you are from the source of the radiation, the less radiation you'll be exposed to. Try to plan your experiments so that you, and anyone else around, are standing as far away from the radiation source as possible.
Shortening the time of exposure, increasing distance from a radiation source and shielding are the basic countermeasures (or protective measures) to reduce doses from external exposure.
Time:The less time that people are exposed to a radiation source, the less the absorbed dose.
Distance:The farther away that people are from a radiation source, the less the absorbed dose.
Shielding:Barriers of lead, concrete or water can stop radiation or reduce radiation intensity.
