For detail description
EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CONSTRUCTION: FROM GUIDELINES TO PRACTICE
Experiences from School Earthquake Safety Initiative Project.
Recent Development of
Seismic Retrofit Methods in Japan
7. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.
Torsion
• Twist in buildings, called
torsion
• Induces more damage in
the columns and walls on
the side that moves more
• Minimize this twist by
ensuring that buildings
have symmetry in plan
9. Behavior of Buildings during Earthquake.
Ductility
• Ductility refers to the ratio of the displacement
• Earthquake-resistant design is to have sufficient ductile materials at points
of tensile stresses
• Failure of a column can affect the stability of the whole building, but the
failure of a beam causes localized effect
• It is better to make beams to be the ductile weak links than columns
• Strong column weak-beam design method
11. Seismic Construction of RC Buildings
Foundation
• loose soils
• Sub-grade below the entire area of the building shall preferably be of
the same type of the soil
• Crumple section shall be provided
• Loose fine sand, soft silt and expansive clays should be avoided
• Piles taken to a firm stratum
12. Beam-Column and joints
Beams
• Earthquake-induced forces
• Flexure and shear
• Flexure or bending failure
• More steel present on tension face
• More steel on tension face is not necessarily desirable
• Brittle failure and therefore undesirable
19. Seismic construction of Masonry Buildings
• Attract large horizontal forces
during earthquake shaking
• Large, tall, long and
unsymmetrical buildings
perform poorly during
earthquakes
20. Walls In Stone Masonry
• The wall thickness should not exceed 450mm
• Thickness of at least one-sixth its height
• Use of mud mortar should be avoided in higher seismic zones
• Cement-sand mortar should be 1:6 (or richer) and lime-sand mortar 1:3 (or
richer) should be used
23. Opening in wall
• Door and window openings in walls reduce their lateral load resistance and
hence should preferably be small and more centrally located.
Floor
• Height of each story should not exceed 3.0m
Roofs
• For pitched roofs, corrugated iron or asbestos sheets should be used
24. Carbon fiber Retrofit System for Columns
• Seismic retrofit technique for existing reinforced concrete columns
• Shear strength, lateral deformability and axial capacity
26. MARS system (Mending Application
of Reinforced Sheets)
• MARS system is the method of reinforcing existing concrete
structures with FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) sheets that are strong
• Increase the durability and the ductility of structural members
• Anti-corrosive