Presentaion on Bio-Informatics

1. Welcome to Our Presentation
on

2. What is Cell?
• 1. Fundamental working units of every living system.
• 2. Cell specialization in multi-cellular organism.
• 3. Organs are formed
• 4. More than 200 different cell types
– With lots of variety in every sense
– But the genetic code is same

3. Cells
– 70% water
– 7% small molecules
• salts
• lipids
• amino acids
• nucleotides
– 23% macromolecules
• proteins
• polysaccharides
• lipids

4. All Cells have common Cycles

5. What is Global Alignment?
A general global alignment technique is the Needleman–
Wunsch algorithm, which is based on dynamic programming.
Local alignments are more useful for dissimilar sequences that
are suspected to contain regions of similarity or similar
sequence motifs within their larger sequence context.

6. Example:

7. Local Alignment
 Initialize first row and first column to be 0.
 The score of the best local alignment is the largest value in the entire
array.
 To find the actual local alignment:
 start at an entry with the maximum score .
 traceback as usual
 stop when we reach an entry with a score of 0

8. Local Alignment Example

9. What is DNA sequencing?
 DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order
of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
Why DNA sequencing needed?
 Determining DNA sequence is basic to understand biological
processes
 Automated DNA sequencing is a core research tool used by almost
every research biochemistry lab

10. 1. DNA preparation
(i). (ii).
(iii). (V).
(iv).

11. 2. Sequencing Reaction
(i). Strand separation
(ii). Primer Annealing
(iii). Primer Extension

12. (iv). Chain Termination
3. Capillary Electrophoresis

13. Computer Analysis
• The computer displays the information
as an electropherogram,– a trace of
signal received by the photodetector
in different wavelengths
• Computer assigns false colors to each
of the four tracings

20. Zakaria
Hossain