presentation

1. Fabrication of Photonic Crystals by Multi-Photon
Three-Dimensional Microfabrication
Yun-Sheng Chen, Amir Tal, and Stephen M. Kuebler
CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics
University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL

2. http://ab-initio.mit.edu/photons/tutorial/L1-bloch.ppt#265,4,Photonic Crystals
Photonic Crystal
2-D
periodic in
two directions
3-D
periodic in
three directions
1-D
periodic in
one direction
1887
Lord Rayleigh
1D
1987
Eli Yablonovitch
2D 3D
2-D
periodic in
two directions
3-D
periodic in
three directions
1-D
periodic in
one direction
periodic electromagnetic media

3. Photonic band gaps
Thylen et al., ChemPhysChem 2004, 5, 1268-1283
a
Band Gap

4. Thylen et al., ChemPhysChem 2004, 5, 1268-1283
Dielectric photonic crystals
Applications
Waveguiding
Controlled luminescence
Low-threshold lasing
Challenges
Optical-wavelength 3D
photonic crystals remain
difficult to fabricate!

5. Photonic crystals created by 3D microfabrication
Characteristics
• Simple-cubic symmetry
• Base: 100 mm X 100 mm
• > 20 unit cells tall
• 1.6 – 3.2 mm period
• Defects can be placed
anywhere within lattice

6. Photonic crystals created by 3D microfabrication
Characteristics
• 2.4 mm period
• 22 unit cells tall
• 55 mm X 55 mm base
• 20% fill-factor
Simulations: E. Johnson and R. C. Rumpf,
personal communication, 2006

7. Metal photonic crystals exhibit ultra-wide band gaps
Applications
• IR/NIR filtering
• Engineered black-body emission
• Meta-materials, left-hand materials, negative refractive index
R. C. Rumpf, PhD Thesis, CREOL, UCF, 2006

8. Approach for metallizing polymeric structures
Chen et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2006, 13, 1739

9. Chen et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2006, 13, 1739
• Reflective silvered surface
• Conformally coated surface
• Silver layer:
~200 nm thick layer
50-150 nm grain size
Simple-cubic silvered photonic crystal

10. • Silver PhC exhibits ultra-wide band gap
Silvered photonic crystals: Optical characterization

11. Simple-cubic copper-coated photonic crystal
>90% reflecting band-gap

12. Summary
• Created functional dielectric photonic
crystals by 3D microfabrication.
• Developed new process for fabricating 3D
metallized structures.
• Demonstrated a new route to 3D metal
photonic crystals.
Multi-photon 3D microfabrication is a powerful approach for
creating complex micro- and nano-scale structures and devices.

13. • Dielectric structures:
Integrated photonics – Fabricate waveguide
structures integrated with dielectric PhCs, optic
fibers, and “active” components (e.g. VCSELs)
• Metal/dielectric structures:
Study how micro-scale structure of lattice and and
nano-scale structure of metal affect optical
properties
• Fabricate useful dielectric and metal/dielectric
materials and devices
Future work

14. Acknowledgements
Funding & Support:
American Chemical Society -- Petroleum Research Fund
UCF Office of Research and Commercialization
Nikon
PhotonDesign
Horiba-Jobin-Yvon
Kuebler group:
Rahul Hegishte
Toufic Jabbour
Michael Petrovich
Amir Tal
Henry Williams, Jr.
Thanks for your attention !!
Advisor:
Dr. Stephen M. Kuebler