Photonic crystals can manipulate light signals and guide them through solid structures. They are periodic lattice structures that can create photonic band gaps to control the paths of particular light frequencies. Surface wave guides use nanostructured metal surfaces to direct photon beams along paths between regular arrays, with surface plasmons guiding the light. Photonic crystals have applications in fiber optic communication, single mode LEDs, lasers, optical devices, fast electronics, and medical therapy. They represent the future of semiconductors and will have wide cross-field applications due to their ability to transport energy as photons rather than electrons.

1. PHOTONIC CRYSTALS,
SURFACE WAVE GUIDES
AND CONTROL OF LIGHT PATHS
Photonics
Crystals
Semiconductor
Surface wave guides
Application
conclusion

2. photon
• The study of light
• The quantam of electromagnetic energy ,having zero mass ,no electric
charge and long life time.
crystal
• Periodic lattice structure
• A Homogenous solid formed by repeating ,3DPattern of
atoms,ions,molecules. This Have fixed distances between constituent
parts.

3. • Type of crystal where conductivity
is in between a conductor and
insulator
SEMI
CONDUCTOR

4. Photonic crystals
Photonic crystals
These are the types of crystals that can manipulate light signals to go
where ever they are required inside a solid structure.
These crystals are not completely new
Some decorative materials are photonic crystals and the effect can be
used to produce special colours.

5. OPALS
OPALS
NATURAL ARTIFICAL

6. OPALS
OPALS
• Can be made artificially Ex: Nano structure techniques
• These materials are geninue light circuits ,Analogous to electrical circuit
OPALS
• photonic band gaps (made from semi conductor Material)
• They guide light rays by keeping them out of regions of solids where the patterned
structure of the particle arrays forbids particular frequency photons.
OPALS
• Particular light rays will thus stayout of the patterened region but can be guided
through it with a track of defects deliberately laid out.

7. SURFACE WAVE GUIDES
Photonic crystals are surface wave
guides
When a metal surface's
nanostructure patterns can direct
photon beams in a clear path
around a surface, even flipping it at
an angle looks possible.

8. The light follows a path in a track set
between the regular arrays on the
surface.
The surface plasmons on the metal
do the guiding.
The world of optoelectronic devices
is now a vast, important industry
which nanotechnology could well
severely disrupt by threatening
existing techniques.
However, an exciting possibility is to
use these new optical materials to
transport energy as photons rather
than as electrons, and build optical
devices, much like we have built
transistors, actuators and motors for
transforming electrical energy to
other forms.

9. This is a cross section through an artificial opal. There is a face-centred array of overlapping
air sphere
On the upper centre, a nematic
crystal is displayed. Each sphere
is full of these.
There is only one displayed. It is
manufactured by first building a
mass of spherical nanoparticles
of silica, filling the spaces
between the spheres, and then
etching the silica away.
Reprinted with permission from
Kurt T. Busch and Sajeev John of
the University of Toronto.

10. APPLICATIONS
FIBRE OPTIC
COMMUNICATIION
SINGLE MODE LEDS
LASERS AND OPTICAL
DEVICES
FAST ELECTRONICS
MEDICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL THERAPHY

11. CONCLUSION
PHOTONIC CRYSTALS
ARE GOING TO BE
FUTUTRE SEMI
CONDUCTORS
PC
IT HAS MANY
APPLICATIONS
IRRESPECTIVE OF
FIELDS
PC

12. THANK YOU